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User:The.Filsouf/Workspace

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Warning: Excessive Neuroscience Ahead!!



Clinical edit

(Neuro-)Psychopharmocology edit

 
Mephedrone


http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2010/jan/15/david-nutt-drugs-science

Mephedrone edit

  • Drug
  • Legality
    • Illegal in Israel, Norway, and Sweden [1]
  • Street use
  • Experiences
  • Research
  • On the net:



 
Warning: Excessive Neuroscience Ahead!!

Neurology edit

Psychiatry edit

Clinical Psychology edit

Psychotherapy edit

Issues in practising Psychotherapy:

  • Ethical considerations
  • Various codes of practice
  • Power in the therapeutic relationship
  • Implications of sexuality, cross-cultural and gender issues in the therapeutic relationship
  • Emotions and human relationships
  • Getting stuck in a certain mode of behaving
  • Time-limited and open-ended therapy
  • Concepts of Mental Health and Illness and their implications in the health care system
  • Loss and bereavement
  • General counselling skills: verbal and non-verbal. Silence, empathy, active listening, questions, reflecting back, paraphrasing, summarising, clarifying, and challenging

Neuroscience edit

Some general interests


Neurons edit

neuron (Nerve Cell)
 
SMI32-stained pyramidal neurons
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

A neuron (pronounced /ˈnjʊərɒn/ N(Y)OOR-on, also known as a neurone or nerve cell) is an excitable cell in the nervous system that processes and transmits information by electrochemical signaling.

 
Nernst Potential in reverse potential: E (equilibrium potential, for potassium in volts)

Neural development edit

the 'rule of Sereno'

Visual system edit

 
Brodmann area 17 (primary visual cortex) is shown in red in this image which also shows area 18 (orange) and 19 (yellow)

Somatosensory system edit

  • somatosensory receptors types
  • arm diagram (length, force, alpha/gamma motoneurons)
  • somatosensory pathways (dorsal column, spinothalamic, spinocerebellar)
  • somatosensory cortical areas
  • somatosensory cortical plasticity

Motor system edit

  • gaze stabilization
  • sensorimotor coordinate transformations
  • striatum, cerebellum connections
  • pattern generators and motor cortex

Limbic System edit

  • Connectional overview limbic system
  • Egocentric place, head direction, grid cells

MRI Physics edit

Also see:

User:GyroMagician/Malvern

Basics edit

 
MRI Machine
  • Provides high resolution anatomic structure (as with X-ray CT)
  • Provides high contrast between different soft tissues (X-ray CT cannot)
  • No exposure to radiation and hence safe
  • More complicated instrumentation
  • Takes longer to acquire a scan than CT, more susceptible to patient motion
  • Free lessons: The Basics of MRI
  • MRI hardware
  • Spin
    • The hydrogen (1^H) atom inside body possess “spin”. Spin is a fundamental property of nature like electrical charge or mass. Spin comes in multiples of 1/2 and can be + or -. Protons, electrons, and neutrons possess spin. Individual unpaired electrons, protons, and neutrons each possesses a spin of 1⁄2 or - 1⁄2. Two or more particles with spins having opposite signs can pair up to eliminate the observable manifestations of spin. In nuclear magnetic resonance, it is unpaired nuclear spins that are of importance.
    • In the absence of external magnetic field, the spin directions of all atoms are random and cancel each other.
    • When placed in an external magnetic field, the spins align with the external field.
    • By applying an rotating magnetic field in the direction orthogonal to the static field, the spins can be pulled away from the z-axis with an angle \alpha
  • Precession
    • Spins precess at a single frequency (w0), but incoherently − they are not in phase, so that the sum of x-y components is 0, with net magnetization vector in z direction
    • The bulk magnetization vector rotates around z at the Larmor frequency (precess)
    • The precession relaxes gradually, with the xy-component reduces in time, z-component increases
    • The xy component of the magnetization vector produces a voltage signal, which is the NMR signal we measure
  • Bloch equation

MRI Image Formation edit

MRI Pulse Sequences; MEG/EEG Forward/Inverse edit

  • fast gradient echo (FLASH)
  • echo planar imaging (EPI)

- - - -

  • derivation of current source density
  • linear forward solution
  • linear inverse
  • dipole fitting

Cognitive Neuroscience edit

Some templates edit

Sensory processing edit

  • Visual
  • Auditory

Motor edit

Executive functions edit

i.e. planning, cognitive flexibility, abstract thinking, rule acquisition, initiating appropriate actions and inhibiting inappropriate actions, and selecting relevant sensory information...

  • Decision making
  • Reasoning and problem solving

Memory edit

Awareness edit

Consciousness edit

Representations edit

Emotions edit

  • Limbic system: Electrical stimulation of the limbic system in conscious patients evokes emotion (Ervin & Martin, 1986)
  • AMYGDALA, central to: emotional processing of threat stimuli and storage of emotional memories also serves a role in processing positive emotions

Philosophy edit


Old Notes: User:The.Filsouf/Old Notes

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