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The relationship between Religion and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) people varies across regions, between different religions or sects, is fluid through Homosexuality, Bisexuality, Non-binary, and Transgender identities. More generally, the relationship between religion and sexuality ranges widely among and within them, from giving sex and sexuality a rather negative connotation to believing that sex is the highest expression of the divine.[1] Some of the authoritative bodies and doctrines of the world's largest religions may view these negatively. This can range from quiet discouragement, explicitly forbidding same-sex sexual practices or sex/gender reassignment among adherents, actively opposing social acceptance of LGBT identities, to execution of people engaging in homosexual acts while tolerating sex/gender reassignment in specific cases. Liberal and progressive voices within these religions tend to view LGBT people more positively, and some liberal religious denominations may bless same-sex marriages, as well as accepting and marrying people who are transgender. Historically, some cultures and religions accommodated, institutionalized, or revered same-sex love and sexuality;[2][3] such mythologies and traditions can be found in numerous religions around the world;[4] elements of religious and cultural incorporation of non-heterosexual practice can still be identified in traditions that have survived into the modern era, such as the Berdache,[5] Hijra,[6] and Xanith.[7]
Article body edit
Scientology edit
The Church of Scientology was founded by L. Ron Hubbard in 1954. The practice of Scientology was based on a book Hubbard wrote called Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health. This book was created to help people figure out their lives. The method that was taken from this book and is used in Scientology is called Auditing. Auditing is a method to look into your self spiritually, it helps ones-self look into their past to figure out what is the problem to their issues today and finally help them unpack their issues. In L Ron Hubbard's book Hand Book of Preclears: Scientology mentions that Homosexuality is a manifestation from others. In this handbook it says that homosexuality is the result of the parents failures and that the children see this which causes homosexuality. Homosexuality is considered promiscuous based on the Tone scale; scaling at 1.1.[8] According Homosexuality and Religion: an Encyclopedia by Jeffrey S. Siker, Hubbard had a scale that deemed how much you are a failure based on the actions you take in like. This scale is called The Tone scale, it varies from -40 ( Failure) to +40 (serenity), since homosexuality is 1.1 it is deemed lower on the scale. Hubbard did that Homosexuals practice sadism, perversion, promiscuity, and irregular practices. He also believed that anyone who practices homosexuality needs to be institutionalized.[9] Hubbard believed this and practiced this belief in Scientology for a long time.He later changed his beliefs because his son was Homosexual. His son Quentin Hubbard died November 12, 1976 from Suicide. After Hurrbards son died he later than stated in 1976 that “It has never been any part of my plans to regulate or to attempt to regulate the private lives of individuals. Whenever this has occurred, it has not resulted in any improved condition. . . . Therefore all for- mer rules, regulations and policies relating to the sexual activities of Scientologists are cancelled.”.[10] Furthermore, The Church of Scientology does not speak on homosexuality but many of the followers do still hold those original beleifs.
References edit
- ^ Urban, Hugh B. (2010). "Chapter 4 – The Sacrifice of Desire: Sexual Rites and the Secret Sacrifice". The Power of Tantra: Religion, Sexuality, and the Politics of South Asian Studies. London and New York: I.B. Tauris. pp. 99–124. doi:10.5040/9780755625185.ch-004. ISBN 978-0-7556-2518-5.
- ^ Boswell, John (2005). Christianity, social tolerance, and homosexuality. University of Chicago Press.
- ^ Dynes, Wayne; Donaldson, Stephen (1992). Asian homosexuality. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-8153-0548-4.
- ^ Carpenter, Edward (1914). Intermediate Types among Primitive Types: A Study in Social Evolution. New York: Mitchell Kennerley. ISBN 978-0-405-07352-6.
- ^ Williams, Walter (1992). The Spirit and the Flesh: Sexual Diversity in American Indian Culture. Beacon House. ISBN 978-0-8070-4602-9.
- ^ Nanda, Serena (1998). Neither Man Nor Woman. Wadsworth Publishing. ISBN 978-0-534-12204-1.
- ^ Wikan, Unni (September 1978). "The Omani Xanith: A Third Gender Role?". Man. New Series. 13 (3): 473–475.
- ^ Hubbard, L. Ron (1951). Hand Book of Preclears: Scientology (1st ed.). London: Hubbard. pp. 90–2.
- ^ Siker, Jeffrey S. (2007). Homosexuality and religion: an Encyclopedia (1st ed.). London: Greenwood Press. pp. 1–2. ISBN 0313330883.
- ^ Cusack, Carole (November 2016). "Scientology and Sex: The Second Dynamic, Prenatal Engrams, and the Sea Org". The University of Sydney: 1–2 – via ResearchGate.