^ abAdrogatio was the adoption of a legally independent person (usually an adult), while adoptio was the adoption of a person still under Patria Potestas.[5]
^ abThe variations collactia/collactius, collacticia/collacticius, conlactia/conlactius, collactanea/collactaneus and conlactea/conlacteus are also attested.[13]
^Someone who belongs to the same domus (household)
^People under the authority of the same paterfamilias.[19]
^Focaria was often used for what historians believed were soldiers "wives", women in de facto unions with military men (who were not actually legally allowed to be married until the reign of Septimius Severus). Usually held to be of lesser status than actual wives (uxores) but higher than concubines (concubinae).[22]
^ abMay also have been used to refer to illegitimate children by some parents.[25]
^ abcThe Spanish words for siblings, hermana and hermano derive from these.[29]
^Someone who belongs to the same clan (gens). Normaly this these people bear the same nomen gentilicium. Also gentilitatis.[31]
^Hospita was mainly used by couples who could not be married in the Roman way, such as marriages between Latin citizen, non-citizens and foreigners.[16]
^ abcThe word bastardum (and its gendered forms bastardus and bastarda) which "bastard" in English derives from is post-Roman.
^ abLiterally "non-legal wife"[33] and "non-legal husband".[34] During the Severan age such "spouses" could still sue for adultery.[33]
^Mainly used for illegitimate children, or a child adopted away into another family.[41] The term may also sometimes not include children of adultery, incest, rape or lose fornication (such as prostitution), as those children were not deemed "natural".[42]
^de Vaan, Michiel (2008). Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages. Leiden · Boston. p. 45. ISBN9789004167971.
^Mortensen, Jacob P. B. (2018). Paul Among the Gentiles: A "Radical" Reading of Romans. Narr Francke Attempto Verlag. p. 244. ISBN9783772056567.
^Serangeli, Matilde; Olander, Thomas (2019). Dispersals and Diversification: Linguistic and Archaeological Perspectives on the Early Stages of Indo-European. BRILL. p. 198. ISBN9789004416192.
^Heather, Peter (2003). The Visigoths from the Migration Period to the Seventh Century: An Ethnographic Perspective. Boydell & Brewer. p. 142. ISBN9781843830337.
^ abcLindsay, Hugh (2009). Adoption in the Roman World. Cambridge University Press. p. 222. ISBN9780521760508.
^Benning, W.G. (1856). Observations on the Debate in the House of Lords on the 25th February, 1851 Upon the Motion of the Earl of St. Germans, for the Second Reading of a Bill to Make Lawful Marriages Within Certain of the Prohibited Degrees of Affinity, and on the Debates in the House of Commons in March, April, May, and June 1855. Oxford University: James Manning. p. 10.
^ abMalkiel, Yakov (1993). Etymology. Cambridge University Press. p. 159. ISBN9780521311663.
^ abcdMarucchi, Orazio (1912). Christian epigraphy: an elementary treatise; with a collection of ancient Christian inscriptions mainly of Roman origin. CUP Archive. p. 11.
^Meltzer, Peter E. (2015). The Thinker's Thesaurus: Sophisticated Alternatives to Common Words (Expanded Third Edition). W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN9780393338973.
^ abcAdams, Douglas Q. (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. Taylor & Francis. p. 371. ISBN9781884964985.
^Tsang, Sam (2005). From Slaves to Sons: A New Rhetoric Analysis on Paul's Slave Metaphors in His Letter to the Galatians. Peter Lang. p. 10. ISBN9780820476360.
^Watson, P.A. (2018). Ancient Stepmothers: Myth, Misogyny and Reality. BRILL. p. 197. ISBN9789004329485.
^Abbott, Elizabeth (2003). History Of Mistresses. HarperCollins. p. 147. ISBN9780002000468.
^Phang, Sara Elise (2001). The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C.-A.D. 235): Law and Family in the Imperial Army. BRILL. p. 204. ISBN9789004121553.
^Waelkens, Laurent (2015). Amne adverso: Roman Legal Heritage in European Culture. Leuven University Press. p. 203. ISBN9789462700543.
^Poste, Edward (1871). Elements of Roman Law. Clarendon Press. p. 30.
^Phang, Sara Elise (2001). The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C.-A.D. 235): Law and Family in the Imperial Army. BRILL. p. 151. ISBN9789004121553.
^ abPhang, Sara Elise (2001). The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C.-A.D. 235): Law and Family in the Imperial Army. BRILL. p. 206. ISBN9789004121553.
^Fayer, Carla (2005). La familia romana: aspetti giuridici ed antiquari. Vol. 22. L'ERMA di BRETSCHNEIDER. p. 313. ISBN9788882653064.
^Lindsay, Hugh (2009). Adoption in the Roman World. Cambridge University Press. p. 223. ISBN9780521760508.
^ abcLarsson Loven, Lena; Harlow, Mary (2012). Families in the Roman and Late Antique World. A&C Black. p. 86. ISBN9781441174680.
^Boyd-Bowman, Peter (1980). From Latin to Romance in Sound Charts. Georgetown University Press. p. 109. ISBN9780878400775.
^Burgersdijk, Diederik P.W.; Ross, Alan J. (2018). Imagining Emperors in the Later Roman Empire. Cultural Interactions in the Mediterranean. BRILL. p. 145. ISBN9789004370920.
^Hazbun, Geraldine (2020). Reading Illegitimacy in Early Iberian Literature. Springer Nature. p. 18. ISBN9783030595692.
^De Poli, Mattia; Zimmermann, Bernhard; Rallo, Giuseppe Eugenio (2021). Sub palliolo sordido: Studi sulla commedia frammentaria greca e latina. Studies on Greek and Roman Fragmentary Comedies. Vol. 13. 9783949189210: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 522. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location (link)
^ abBerger, Adolf (2002). Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. p. 756. ISBN9781584771425.
^Thomson, D. F. S. (2003). Catullus: Edited With a Textual and Interpretative Commentary By D.F.S. Thomson. G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series/Phoenix Supplementary Volume Series. Vol. 34 (illustrated, new and reworked ed.). University of Toronto Press. p. 246. ISBN9780802085924. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^Fordyce, Christian James (1990). Catullus: A Commentary (illustrated, new ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 314. ISBN9780198721475.
