Karma
editThe cycle of rebirth is determined by karma,[1] literally "action".[note 1] In the Buddhist tradition, karma refers to actions drive by intention (cetanā),[7][8][9][quote 1] a deed done deliberately through body, speech or mind, which leads to future consequences.[12]. The Nibbedhika Sutta, Anguttara Nikaya 6.63, provides a concise definition of karma that is common to all Buddhist traditions. [quote 2] How intention was interpreted or emphasized became a matter of debate in and between the various Buddhist schools.[14][note 3]
Richard Gombrich has identified this as a major departure from the caste-based ethical structure that existed at the time- deeds, rather than birth, become the basis for moral purity.[17] [quote 4]
For New Article: Views on Karma in Buddhism
editAccording to Peter Harvey,
It is the psychological impulse behind an action that is 'karma', that which sets going a chain of causes culminating in karmic fruit. Actions, then, must be intentional if they are to generate karmic fruits.[13]
And according to Gombrich,
The Buddha defined karma as intention; whether the intention manifested itself in physical, vocal or mental form, it was the intention alone which had a moral character: good, bad or neutral [...] The focus of interest shifted from physical action, involving people and objects in the real world, to psychological process.[19]
- ^ Buswell 2004, p. 712.
- ^ Vetter 1988, p. xxi.
- ^ Buswell 2004, p. 416.
- ^ Matthews 1986, p. 124.
- ^ Schmithausen 1986, p. 206-207.
- ^ Bronkhorst 1998, p. 13.
- ^ Bronkhorst 1998.
- ^ Gethin 1998, p. 119-120.
- ^ Gombrich 2009, p. 19.
- ^ Gethin 1998, p. 119.
- ^ Gethin 1998, p. 120.
- ^ Gombrich 1997, p. 55.
- ^ a b Harvey 1990, pp. 39–40.
- ^ a b Gombrich 1007, p. 54-55.
- ^ Gombrich 1007, p. 54.
- ^ a b Gombrich 1007, p. 55.
- ^ Gombrich 1996, p. 65-66.
- ^ Gombrich 1996, p. 68.
- ^ Gombrich 1997, p. 51.
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