User:SomeGuyWhoRandomlyEdits/Neolithic Iraq

Neolithic Iraq
A clickable map of Iraq detailing important sites that were occupied during the Neolithic.
Geographical rangeMesopotamia
PeriodStone Age
Datesc. 10000 – c. 3300 BCE
Major sites
Preceded byEpipalaeolithic
Followed byBronze Age Iraq

Neolithic Iraq is an archaeological term used to refer to the Neolithic stage of prehistoric Mesopotamia (Iraq). Mesopotamia was inhabited by several distinct, flourishing cultures in between the end of the Last Glacial Period (c. 14000 – c. 6500 BCE) and beginning of the Copper Age (c. 5000 – c. 4500 BCE). Archaeological sites such as those of the Samarran and Halafian cultures were centered at central and upper Mesopotamia (central and northern Iraq); settlements of the Ubaidians' in lower Mesopotamia (southern Iraq) required complicated irrigation methods. It appears that the archaeological culture of the Ubaidians' may have been derived from that of the Samarrans'. The first among these Lower Mesopotamian settlements were tells el-'Oueili, al-'Ubaid, and Abu Shahrain.

Dating, periodization, and extent

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Periodization, chronology, and timeline

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Periodization and chronology

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Century BCE Age Stage Period Phase Style Level (Eridu/Eabzu) Level (Uruk/Eanna)
100th Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) PPNA 1
99th
98th
97th
96th
95th 2
94th
93rd
92nd
91st
90th
89th
88th Early PPNB 3
87th
86th
85th
84th
83rd Middle PPNB
82nd
81st
80th
79th
78th
77th
76th
75th Late PPNB 4
74th
73rd
72nd
71st
70th
69th
68th
67th
66th
65th PPNC 5 Ubaid 0 Oueili
64th Pottery Neolithic (PN) PNA 6
63rd
62nd
61st
60th
59th
58th
57th
56th
55th Early Ubaid Eridu XVIII
54th XVIII
53rd XVII
52nd XV
51st XIV
50th Early Chalcolithic XIII XIX
49th XII
48th 7 Hadji Muhammed XI
PNB 8 Tell al‐Ubaid
47th 9 Late Ubaid X XVIII
46th
45th Late Chalcolithic (LC) LC 1 IX
44th
43rd VIII
42nd LC 2 Terminal Ubaid Ubaid V VII XVII
XVI
41st XV
XIV
XIII
40th VI XII
XI
39th X
38th LC 3 V IX

Timeline

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Uruk periodHalaf-Ubaid Transitional periodHalaf cultureHassuna cultureSamarra culturePottery NeolithicPre-Pottery NeolithicCopper AgeStone AgeNorthgrippianGreenlandian

Schematic outline of contemporaneous cultures

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Century BCE Upper Mesopotamia Central Mesopotamia Lower Mesopotamia
Erbil Nineveh Saladin Diyala Sulaymaniyah Babylon Muthanna Qadisiyah Dhi Qar
65th Ubaid 0 style
64th
63rd Hassuna culture Samarra culture
62nd
61st
60th Samarra culture
59th
58th
57th
56th
55th
54th Halaf culture Ubaid 1 style
53rd Halaf culture Ubaid 1 style
52nd Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period
51st
50th Ubaid 1 style
49th
48th Ubaid 2 style
47th Ubaid 2 style
46th Ubaid 3 style
45th Ubaid 4 style
44th
43rd Late Chalcolithic
42nd Ubaid 5 style
41st
40th
39th

Locations of sites, environment, and climate

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Sites

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Autonomous region Region Governorate District Subdistrict Site
  •   Denotes a settlement that developed independently during the Pottery Neolithic (c. 6400 – c. 3500 BCE)
  •   Denotes a settlement that developed independently during the Late Chalcolithic (c. 4500 – c. 3300 BCE)
  •   Denotes a settlement that was originally that of the Ubaid culture (c. 6500 – c. 3700 BCE)
  •   Denotes a settlement that was originally that of the Samarra culture (c. 6300 – c. 5200 BCE)
  •   Denotes a settlement that was originally that of the Hassuna culture (c. 6300 – c. 5800 BCE)
  •   Denotes a settlement that later became that of the Halaf culture (c. 5500 – c. 5200 BCE)
  •   Denotes a settlement that later became that of the Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period (c. 5200 – c. 5000 BCE)
Kurdistan Erbil Erbil Erbil Citadel of Erbil
Sulaymaniyah Saidsadiq Said Sadiq Tell Begum
Assyria Nineveh Tel Afar Tel Afar Yarim Tepe
al-Ayadia Telul eth-Thalathat
Mosul Bashiqa Tepe Gawra
Hamidat Tell Hassuna
Mosul Citadel of Nineveh
Tell Arpachiyah
al-Jazira Saladin Samarra Samarra Tell es-Sawwan
Samarra Archaeological City
Ranya Ranya Tell Shemshara
Baghdad Belts Diyala Balad Ruz Mandali Choga Mami
Ba'quba Buhriz Tell Asmar
Al-Wahda Tell Agrab
Babylon Al-Mahawil Al-Nil Tell al-Uhaymir
Kotha Jablah Tell Uqair
Sawad Al-Qadisiyyah Afak Tell Nuffar
Muthanna Al-Samawa Uruk Archaeological City
Al-Khidhir Hadji Muhammed
Dhi Qar Al-Shatrah Tell Telloh
Nasiriyah Ur Archaeological City
Tell Eridu Archaeological Site
Tell el-'Oueili
Tell al-'Ubaid
Tell Khaiber

Biota

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Environment
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Subregion Sub-basin Ecoregion Site
Upper Mesopotamia Upper Zab Middle East steppe Citadel of Erbil
Upper Tigris Yarim Tepe
Telul eth-Thalathat
Tepe Gawra
Tell Hassuna
Tell Kuyunjiq
Tell Arpachiyah
Tell es-Sawwan
Samarra Archaeological City
Lower Zab Zagros Mountains forest steppe Tell Shemshara
Diyala Tell Begum
Central Mesopotamia Mesopotamian shrub desert Choga Mami
Tell Asmar
Tell Agrab
Middle Euphrates Tell al-Uhaymir
Tell Uqair
Lower Mesopotamia Lower Tigris Mesopotamian marshes Tell Nuffar
Lower Euphrates Uruk Archaeological City
Hadji Muhammed
Tell Telloh
Ur Archaeological City
Tell Eridu Archaeological Site
Tell el-'Oueili
Tell al-'Ubaid
Tell Khaiber
Climate
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Subregion Climate Ecoregion Basin Governorate District Site
Upper Mesopotamia Hot-summer Mediterranean climate Middle East steppe Upper Zab Erbil Erbil Citadel of Erbil
Upper Tigris Nineveh Tel Afar Yarim Tepe
Telul eth-Thalathat
Mosul Tepe Gawra
Tell Hassuna
Tell Kuyunjiq
Tell Arpachiyah
Middle Tigris Saladin Samarra Tell es-Sawwan
Samarra Archaeological City
Zagros Mountains forest steppe Lower Zab Ranya Tell Shemshara
Hot semi-arid climate Diyala Sulaymaniyah Saidsadiq Tell Begum
Central Mesopotamia Mesopotamian shrub desert Diyala Balad Ruz Choga Mami
Ba'quba Tell Asmar
Tell Agrab
Middle Euphrates Babylon Al-Hilla Tell al-Uhaymir
Al-Mahawil Tell Uqair
Lower Mesopotamia Hot desert climate Mesopotamian marshes Lower Tigris Al-Qadisiyyah Afak Tell Nuffar
Lower Euphrates Muthanna Al-Samawa Uruk Archaeological City
Al-Khidhir Hadji Muhammed
Dhi Qar Al-Shatrah Tell Telloh
Nasiriyah Ur Archaeological City
Tell Eridu Archaeological Site
Tell el-'Oueili
Tell al-'Ubaid
Tell Khaiber

Estimated settlement sizes and populations

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Technology

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Agriculture, domestication, and hunting

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Fauna and flora

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Fauna
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Wildlife
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Common name Binomial name
Saudi gazelle Gazella saudiya
Persian fallow deer Dama mesopotamica
Syrian wild ass Equus hemionus hemippus
Eurasian wild pig Sus scrofa
Wild goat Capra aegagrus
Livestock
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Common name Binomial name
Domestic goat Capra hircus
Arabi sheep Ovis aries
Cattle Bos taurus
Domestic pig Sus domesticus
Saluki Canis familiaris
Flora
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Crops
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Common name Binomial name
Two-rowed barley Hordeum distichon
Naked six-rowed barley Hordeum vulgare
Emmer wheat Triticum turgidum
Einkorn wheat Triticum monococcum
Lentil Lens culinaris
Chickpea Cicer arietinum
Date Phoenix dactylifera

Structures, tools, utensils, and weapons

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Tool Image
Sickle  
Kiln  

See also

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References

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Notes

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Citations

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Sources

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Bibliography

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Further reading
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