User:SeriousThinker/sandbox

Amy has a house. After decades of struggle, the monarchy was overthrown in 1912 and the Republic of China (ROC) was established. Despite China's eventual victory in the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Pacific War in general, numerous atrocities such as the Nanjing Massacre left lasting effects on the country. Concurrently during this period, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Kuomintang (KMT) government were fighting sporadically since 1927, with a brief truce as a united front when Japan began invading the country. The second phase of the civil war resumed not long after Japan was defeated, and by 1949, the CCP had established control on most of the territories of the country. As the KMT retreated to Taiwan, the country was split with both sides claiming to be the sole legitimate government of China. After the land reforms, later attempts to realize communism failed—the Great Leap Forward led to a massive famine of millions of citizens, while the Cultural Revolution caused a chaotic period of persecution and zealous Maoist populism. In 1971, the PRC replaced the ROC as China's representation in the United Nations (UN). Following the Sino-Soviet split, the Shanghai Communiqué in 1972 marked the beginning of normalized relations with the United States. Economic reforms that began in 1978 led by reformists within the CCP moved the country away from a socialist planned economy toward an increasingly capitalist market economy, spurring significant economic growth, although liberal and democratic political reforms stalled after the June Fourth Incident in 1989.

Notes

Citations

• Smith, Sam (2014). The History of House Building. BRILL. doi:10.1163/9789004363816. ISBN 9789004363816. Retrieved 8 October 2018. A

Timeline table

Estonia		Latvia		Lithuania
North Estonia	South Estonia	North Latvia	South Latvia	North Lithuania	South Lithuania	West Lithuania
Finnic tribes		Baltic tribes
Danish Estonia 1219–1346	Livonian Order 1237–1561			Kingdom of Lithuania 1251–1263
				Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1263–1655		Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1263–1274
						State of the Teutonic Order 1274–1561
Livonian Order 1346–1561
Swedish Estonia 1561–1721	Duchy of Livonia		Duchy of Livonia			Duchy of Prussia
				Swedish Lithuania 1655–1657
				Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1657–1795
	Swedish Livonia
Governorate of Estonia	Governorate of Livonia		Duchy of Courland and Semigallia	Governorate of Kaunas	Governorate of Vilnius	Kingdom of Prussia
			Courland Governorate
Republic of Estonia 1918–1940		Republic of Latvia 1918–1940		Kingdom of Lithuania 1918		Memelland* 1920–1924
				Republic of Lithuania 1918–1940	Republic of Lithuania 1918–1920
						Republic of Lithuania 1924–1938
					Republic of Central Lithuania 1920–1922
					Republic of Poland 1922–1939
					Republic of Lithuania 1939–1940
Estonian SSR 1940		Latvian SSR 1940		Lithuanian SSR 1940		German Reich 1938–1945
Generalbezirk Estland 1940–1944		Generalbezirk Lettland 1940–1944		Generalbezirk Litauen 1940–1944
Estonian SSR 1944–1991		Latvian SSR 1944–1990		Lithuanian SSR 1944–1990
Republic of Estonia (EU) Since 1991		Republic of Latvia (EU) Since 1991		Republic of Lithuania (EU) Since 1990

Monarchy of Lithuania
Royal coat of arms
King Mindaugas
Details
Style	His/Her Majesty
First monarch	Mindaugas I
Last monarch	Stanisław II August
Formation	1253
Abolition	1795
Residence	Mindaugas' Castle, Voruta (1253−1263) Gediminas' Castle, Vilnius (late 13th century−late 15th century) Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania, Vilnius (late 15th century−1665)
Appointer	Hereditary (1253–1574) Szlachta (1574–1795) Hereditary (1918)
Pretender(s)	Prince Inigo, Duke of Urach (disputed)

Order of Vytautas the Great with the Golden Chain
Awarded by the sovereign of the Republic of Lithuania
Type	Order of chivalry
Established	1930
Motto	For God and the Empire
Eligibility	Lithuanian nationals or anyone who has made a significant achievement for the Republic of Lithuania
Awarded for	Prominent national or regional achievements
Status	Currently constituted
Sovereign	Queen Elizabeth II
Grand Master	Vacant
Grades	Knight/Dame Grand Cross (GBE) Knight/Dame Commander (KBE/DBE) Commander (CBE) Officer (OBE) Member (MBE) Medal (BEM)
Former grades	Medal of the Order for Gallantry
Precedence
Next (lower)	Varies, depending on rank
Military ribbon Civil ribbon

First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Lithuania

#	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	In office	Party		Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet	General Secretary of the CPSU
1		Antanas Sniečkus (1903–1974)	July 13, 1944 – January 22, 1974		Communist Party of Lithuania	Justas Paleckis (1899–1980)	Generalissimus Joseph Stalin (1878–1953)
							Nikita Khruschev (1894–1971)
							Leonid Brezhnev(1906–1982)
						Motiejus Šumauskas (1905–1982)
–		Valery Khazarov (1918–2013)	January 22, 1974 – February 18, 1974		Communist Party of Lithuania
		Petras Griškevičius (1924–1987)	February 18, 1974– November 14, 1987
2
						Antanas Barkauskas (1899–1980)
							Yuri Andropov(1906–1982)
							Konstantin Chernenko(1906–1982)
							Mikhail Gorbachev(1906–1982)
		Nikolay Mitkin (1929–1998)	November 14, 1987 – December 1, 1987		Communist Party of Lithuania
–
						Ringaudas Songaila (1929–2019)
3		Ringaudas Songaila (1929–2019)	December 1, 1987– October 19, 1988		Communist Party of Lithuania	Ringaudas Songaila (1930–2017)
		Algirdas Brazauskas (1903–1974)	January 15, 1990– March 11, 1990		Communist Party of Lithuania
4
						Algirdas Brazauskas (1903–1974)
March 11, 1990 — Restoration of Independence

First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Lithuania

#	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	In office	Party		Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet	General Secretary of the CPSU
1		Antanas Sniečkus (1903–1974)	July 13, 1944 – January 22, 1974		Communist Party of Lithuania	Justas Paleckis (1899–1980)	Joseph Stalin
							Nikita Khruschev
							Leonid Brezhnev
						Motiejus Šumauskas (1905–1982)
–		Valery Khazarov (1918–2013) Acting	January 22, 1974 – February 18, 1974		Communist Party of Lithuania
		Petras Griškevičius (1924–1987)	February 18, 1974– November 14, 1987
2
						Antanas Barkauskas (1899–1980)
							Yuri Andropov
							Konstantin Chernenko
							Mikhail Gorbachev
		Nikolay Mitkin (1929–1998) Acting	November 14, 1987 – December 1, 1987		Communist Party of Lithuania
–
						Ringaudas Songaila (1929–2019)
3		Ringaudas Songaila (1929–2019)	December 1, 1987– October 19, 1988		Communist Party of Lithuania	Ringaudas Songaila (1930–2017)
		Algirdas Brazauskas (1903–1974)	January 15, 1990– March 11, 1990		Communist Party of Lithuania
4
						Algirdas Brazauskas (1903–1974)
March 11, 1990 — Restoration of Independence

#	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term	Party		Election	Prime Minister
1		Algirdas Brazauskas (1932–2010)	February 25, 1993 – February 25, 1998		Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania	14 February, 1993	Adolfas Šleževičius
							Laurynas Mindaugas Stankevičius
							Gediminas Vagnorius
2		Valdas Adamkus (born 1926)	February 26, 1998 – February 26, 2003		Independent
							Kazys Grinius
		Rolandas Paksas (born 1956)	February 26, 2003 – April 6, 2004		Order and Justice	21 December, 1922 By the Seimas
3
							Ernestas Galvanauskas
							Antanas Tumėnas
							Vytautas Petrulis
							Leonas Bistras
April 6, 2004 — Impeachement of Rolandas Paksas
–		Artūras Paulauskas (born 1953) Acting	April 6, 2004 – July 12, 2004		New Union	Unelected — acting President following the impeachement	Augustinas Voldemaras
–		Aleksandras Stulginskis (1885–1969) Acting	December 19, 1926		Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party	Unelected — acting President following coup d''état
		Antanas Smetona (1874–1944)	December 19, 1926 – June 15, 1940		Lithuanian Nationalist Union	December 19, 1926 By the undemocratic approval of Seimas in one-candidate elections
4
							Juozas Tūbelis
							Juozas Tūbelis
							Juozas Tūbelis
						December 11, 1931 By the undemocratic approval of Special Nation Representatives in one-candidate elections
							Vladas Mironas
						October 14, 1938 By the undemocratic approval of Special Nation Representatives in one-candidate elections	Vladas Mironas
							Jonas Černius
							Antanas Merkys
–		Antanas Merkys (1877–1955) Acting	June 15, 1940 – June 17, 1940		Lithuanian Nationalist Union	Unelected — de jure acting President