User:Semudobia/Caltha sagittata

Caltha sagittata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
Order:	Ranunculales
Family:	Ranunculaceae
Genus:	Caltha
Species:	C. sagittata
Binomial name
	Caltha sagittata; Cav.
Synonyms
	Psychrophila sagittata,Caltha alata,Caltha andicola'

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Caltha sagittata, Arrow-leaved Marigold, is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging the Buttercup family native to Chile, the Falkland Islands, Argentina and in the Andes North to Lake Titicaca.

Description

As suggested by both the english and scientific names the leaves are sagittate, i.e., shaped like arrow-heads.

Flowers are white to cream with 5-8 tepals and about 3cm in diameter.

Taxonomy

C. sagittata was described by Cavanilles from specimens collected on Saunders Island in the Falkland Islands in 1799.^[1] When de Candolle revised the genus in 1817 he divided it into two sections, Caltha and Psychrophila, the latter including all species of the genus found in the Southern Hemisphere. In some works the latter section is raised to generic rank, but phylogenetic analysis of the DNA of several species in the genus indicated that whilst Psychrophila is itself monophyletic excluding it from the genus Caltha would make the latter a paraphyletic taxon.^[2]

Phylogeny

The South American species of Caltha diverged from an ancestral line lcocated in the Northern Hemisphere around 55 million years ago.^[3]

Habitat

It is a frequent component of sphagnum bogs and mires of Tierra del Fuego.^[4]

External links

Images and Illustrations

Painting by Sydney Parkinson from the HMS Endeavour expedition from collections of the Natural History Museum.
Original description
Flickr

References

^ Antonio José Cavanilles (1799). Icones et descriptiones plantarum quae aut sponte in Hispania crescunt aut in hortis hospitantur. Vol. V. ex Regia Typographia, eius operas dirigente Lazaro Gayguer. p. 8.
^ Schuettpelz, E.; Hoot, S. B. (2004). "Phylogeny and biogeography of Caltha (Ranunculaceae) based on chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences". American Journal of Botany. 91 (2): 247–253. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.2.247. ISSN 0002-9122.
^ Cheng, Jin; XIE, Lei (2014). "Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography ofCaltha(Ranunculaceae) based on analyses of multiple nuclear and plastid sequences". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 52 (1): 51–67. doi:10.1111/jse.12051. ISSN 1674-4918.
^ Mires and Mire Types of Penisula Mitre, Tierra del Fuego (PDF) {{citation}}: line feed character in |title= at position 6 (help)

[Cavanilles1799-1] Antonio José Cavanilles (1799). Icones et descriptiones plantarum quae aut sponte in Hispania crescunt aut in hortis hospitantur. Vol. V. ex Regia Typographia, eius operas dirigente Lazaro Gayguer. p. 8.

[SchuettpelzHoot2004-2] Schuettpelz, E.; Hoot, S. B. (2004). "Phylogeny and biogeography of Caltha (Ranunculaceae) based on chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences". American Journal of Botany. 91 (2): 247–253. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.2.247. ISSN 0002-9122.

[CHENGXIE2014-3] Cheng, Jin; XIE, Lei (2014). "Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography ofCaltha(Ranunculaceae) based on analyses of multiple nuclear and plastid sequences". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 52 (1): 51–67. doi:10.1111/jse.12051. ISSN 1674-4918.

[Dutch-4] Mires and Mire Types of Penisula Mitre, Tierra del Fuego (PDF) {{citation}}: line feed character in |title= at position 6 (help)

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