| Timestamp |
Article Name |
Diff |
Changes
|
| 2023-05-26T13:33:36Z |
L'Oréal |
diff |
|
| 2023-05-26T13:19:26Z |
Nestlé Purina PetCare |
diff |
| | | Line 135: | Line 135: | In 2010, Nestlé Purina PetCare won the [[Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award]] based on organizational and manufacturing performance.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nestlé Purina: building on a tradition of trust|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=Watt Petfood Industry|archive-date=February 23, 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150223061847/http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Curl-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=How Nestlé Purina PetCare earned the Malcolm Baldrige Award|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/NestleBaldrige.aspx%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> Its manufacturing operations have continuously reduced the amount of materials used in packaging, increased the recycling of waste product and reduced water usage, in addition to installing solar panels to produce electricity for its offices and facilities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Heroes of the Planet – Nestlé Purina PetCare|date=October 26, 2012|url= http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/print-edition/2012/10/26/heroes-of-the-planet---nestle-purina.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2011, Nestlé Purina PetCare was ranked as one of 11 most sustainable companies in Two Tomorrow's annual ranking.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina's parent company ranks among top 'green' firms|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=October 27, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestle_Purina_s_parent_company_ranks_among_top__green__firms.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> As of 2014, it has 19 manufacturing plants.<ref>{{citation|url= https://www.nestlepurinacareers.com/why-purina/our-locations/%7Ctitle=Our locations|publisher=Nestle Purina Petcare|access-date=November 5, 2014}}</ref>{{efn|Nestle Purina had 26 manufacturing facilities in 2012<ref name="eleventwelve"/>}} | In 2010, Nestlé Purina PetCare won the [[Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award]] based on organizational and manufacturing performance.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nestlé Purina: building on a tradition of trust|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=Watt Petfood Industry|archive-date=February 23, 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150223061847/http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Curl-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=How Nestlé Purina PetCare earned the Malcolm Baldrige Award|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/NestleBaldrige.aspx%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> Its manufacturing operations have continuously reduced the amount of materials used in packaging, increased the recycling of waste product and reduced water usage, in addition to installing solar panels to produce electricity for its offices and facilities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Heroes of the Planet – Nestlé Purina PetCare|date=October 26, 2012|url= http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/print-edition/2012/10/26/heroes-of-the-planet---nestle-purina.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2011, Nestlé Purina PetCare was ranked as one of 11 most sustainable companies in Two Tomorrow's annual ranking.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina's parent company ranks among top 'green' firms|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=October 27, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestle_Purina_s_parent_company_ranks_among_top__green__firms.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> As of 2014, it has 19 manufacturing plants.<ref>{{citation|url= https://www.nestlepurinacareers.com/why-purina/our-locations/%7Ctitle=Our locations|publisher=Nestle Purina Petcare|access-date=November 5, 2014}}</ref>{{efn|Nestle Purina had 26 manufacturing facilities in 2012<ref name="eleventwelve"/>}} |
|
| In FY21, Purina PetCare's annual revenue reached US$16.903 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2022 |title=Purina FY21 sales up US$1.7 bil, gaining market globally |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/11057-purina-fy21-sales-up-us1-bil-gaining-market-globally |access-date=20 April 2023 |website=Petfood Industry}}</ref> By the start of 2022, Purina PetCare's sales witnessed an increase of nearly 14%.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=24 October 2022 |title=Purina PetCare pet food sales up 14% so far in 2022 |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/11702-purina-petcare-pet-food-sales-up-14-so-far-in-2022 |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=Petfood Industry}}</ref> Indeed, Purina PetCare sales grew each quarter in 2022.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=18 May 2023 |title=Purina PetCare made up 35% of Nestle’s global e-commerce in 2022 |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/12295-purina-petcare-made-up-35-of-nestles-global-e-commerce-in-2022 |access-date=19 May 2023 |website=Petfood Industry}}</ref> In that year, Purina managed to rise and eventually lead to Nestlé's expansion worldwide.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=22 March 2023 |title=Nestle Purina PetCare performance by geographic region in 2022 |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/12121-nestle-purina-petcare-performance-by-geographic-region-in-2022 |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=Petfood industry}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Also, Purina PetCare accounted for 90% of Nestlé's online pet sales in 2022.<ref name=":4" /> Accordingly, Purina's sales in FY22 reached $19.385 billion and its organic growth attained 14.5%.<ref name=":2" /> In January 2023, Purina was considered the 'No. 1 petcare compagny in the U.S.' which nourishes 65 million dogs as well as 51 million cats per annum.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2023 |title=Nestlé Petcare implements new retail organization system |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/11944-nestle-petcare-implements-new-retail-organization-system |access-date=20 April 2023 |website=Petfood Industry}}</ref> The same year, in March, it was announced that Purina PetCare was the second largest category of Nestlé, following coffee, and had the largest market share in the U.S.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2023 |title=5 pet foods brands lead US market share, Purina tops |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/12042-5-pet-foods-brands-lead-us-market-share-purina-tops |access-date=12 April 2023 |website=Petfood Industry}}</ref> | In FY21, Purina PetCare's annual revenue reached US$16.903 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2022 |title=Purina FY21 sales up US$1.7 bil, gaining market globally |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/11057-purina-fy21-sales-up-us1-bil-gaining-market-globally |access-date=20 April 2023 |website=Petfood Industry}}</ref> By the start of 2022, Purina PetCare's sales witnessed an increase of nearly 14%.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=24 October 2022 |title=Purina PetCare pet food sales up 14% so far in 2022 |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/11702-purina-petcare-pet-food-sales-up-14-so-far-in-2022 |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=Petfood Industry}}</ref> Indeed, Purina PetCare sales grew each quarter in 2022.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=18 May 2023 |title=Purina PetCare made up 35% of Nestle’s global e-commerce in 2022 |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/12295-purina-petcare-made-up-35-of-nestles-global-e-commerce-in-2022 |access-date=19 May 2023 |website=Petfood Industry}}</ref> In that year, Purina managed to rise and eventually lead to Nestlé's expansion worldwide.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=22 March 2023 |title=Nestle Purina PetCare performance by geographic region in 2022 |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/12121-nestle-purina-petcare-performance-by-geographic-region-in-2022 |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=Petfood industry}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Also, Purina PetCare accounted for 90% of Nestlé's online pet sales in 2022.<ref name=":4" /> Accordingly, Purina's sales in FY22 reached $19.385 billion and its organic growth attained 14.5%.<ref name=":2" /> In January 2023, Purina was considered the 'No. 1 petcare compagny in the U.S.' which nourishes 65 million dogs as well as 51 million cats per annum.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2023 |title=Nestlé Petcare implements new retail organization system |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/11944-nestle-petcare-implements-new-retail-organization-system |access-date=20 April 2023 |website=Petfood Industry}}</ref> The same year, in March, it was announced that Purina PetCare was the second largest category of Nestlé, following coffee, and had the largest market share in the U.S.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2023 |title=5 pet foods brands lead US market share, Purina tops |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/12042-5-pet-foods-brands-lead-us-market-share-purina-tops |access-date=12 April 2023 |website=Petfood Industry}}</ref > During the first three months of 2023, Purina PetCare sales managed to reach US$5,267 million.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=26 April 2023 |title=Purina PetCare continues to lead Nestle growth in Q1 2023 |url=https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/12212-purina-petcare-continues-to-lead-nestle-growth-in-q1-2023 |access-date=26 May 2023 |website=Petfood Industry}}</ref> Accordingly, Purina remained the 'largest contributor' to Nestlé's organic growth.<ref name=":5" /> |
|
| ==See also== | ==See also== |
|
| 2023-05-22T15:10:23Z |
Carlos Tavares |
diff |
| | | Line 70: | Line 70: | File:Carlos Tavares Chantilly Arts & Elegance 2017.jpg|Carlos Tavares at the Chantilly Arts & Elegance in 2017 | File:Carlos Tavares Chantilly Arts & Elegance 2017.jpg|Carlos Tavares at the Chantilly Arts & Elegance in 2017 | </gallery> | </gallery> | |
| | == Awards == | | |
|
| ==References== | ==References== |
|
| 2023-05-22T14:39:38Z |
Carlos Tavares |
diff |
| | | Line 50: | Line 50: |
|
| ==Other activities== | ==Other activities== | | | | | | |
|
| 2023-05-22T14:27:05Z |
Carlos Tavares |
diff |
| | | Line 33: | Line 33: | ==Career== | ==Career== | ===Renault=== | ===Renault=== | | |
|
| | | | Line 40: | Line 40: |
|
| ===PSA Group=== | ===PSA Group=== | | |
|
| | |
|
| ===Stellantis=== | ===Stellantis=== | | |
|
| During the [[2022 French presidential election]], incumbent [[President of France|President]] [[Emmanuel Macron]] and opposing candidate [[Marine Le Pen]] both called Tavares' 2021 compensation package – around 19 million euros ($20.5 million), plus a stock package worth some additional 32 million euros and long-term compensation of about 25 million euros – "shocking".<ref>Benoit Van Overstraeten and Leigh Thomas (15 April 2022), France's Macron, Le Pen call Stellantis CEO's pay package "shocking" [[Reuters]].</ref> | During the [[2022 French presidential election]], incumbent [[President of France|President]] [[Emmanuel Macron]] and opposing candidate [[Marine Le Pen]] both called Tavares' 2021 compensation package – around 19 million euros ($20.5 million), plus a stock package worth some additional 32 million euros and long-term compensation of about 25 million euros – "shocking".<ref>Benoit Van Overstraeten and Leigh Thomas (15 April 2022), France's Macron, Le Pen call Stellantis CEO's pay package "shocking" [[Reuters]].</ref> |
|
| 2023-05-22T14:14:53Z |
Carlos Tavares |
diff |
| | | Line 45: | Line 45: |
|
| ===Stellantis=== | ===Stellantis=== | | |
|
| During the [[2022 French presidential election]], incumbent [[President of France|President]] [[Emmanuel Macron]] and opposing candidate [[Marine Le Pen]] both called Tavares' 2021 compensation package – around 19 million euros ($20.5 million), plus a stock package worth some additional 32 million euros and long-term compensation of about 25 million euros – "shocking".<ref>Benoit Van Overstraeten and Leigh Thomas (15 April 2022), France's Macron, Le Pen call Stellantis CEO's pay package "shocking" [[Reuters]].</ref> | During the [[2022 French presidential election]], incumbent [[President of France|President]] [[Emmanuel Macron]] and opposing candidate [[Marine Le Pen]] both called Tavares' 2021 compensation package – around 19 million euros ($20.5 million), plus a stock package worth some additional 32 million euros and long-term compensation of about 25 million euros – "shocking".<ref>Benoit Van Overstraeten and Leigh Thomas (15 April 2022), France's Macron, Le Pen call Stellantis CEO's pay package "shocking" [[Reuters]].</ref> |
|
| 2023-05-22T14:06:48Z |
Carlos Tavares |
diff |
| | | Line 50: | Line 50: |
|
| ==Other activities== | ==Other activities== | | | | |
|
|
|
| 2023-05-22T13:54:55Z |
Carlos Tavares |
diff |
| | | Line 65: | Line 65: | He also collects classic cars and owns a Peugeot 504 V6 Coupé from 1979, an [[Alpine A110]] from 1976 and a Porsche 912 from 1966.<ref name="ftmichael" /> | He also collects classic cars and owns a Peugeot 504 V6 Coupé from 1979, an [[Alpine A110]] from 1976 and a Porsche 912 from 1966.<ref name="ftmichael" /> |
|
| | | He is a member of the jury at the [[Chantilly Arts & Elegance Richard Mille]] 2017 and 2019, an automobile elegance competition.<gallery> | | File:Carlos Tavares au Spa Classic 2019.jpg|Carlos Tavares at the Spa Classic in 2019 | File:Carlos Tavares au Spa Classic 2019.jpg|Carlos Tavares at the Spa Classic in 2019 | File:Carlos Tavares Chantilly Arts & Elegance 2017.jpg|Carlos Tavares at the Chantilly Arts & Elegance in 2017 | File:Carlos Tavares Chantilly Arts & Elegance 2017.jpg|Carlos Tavares at the Chantilly Arts & Elegance in 2017 |
|
| 2023-05-21T15:26:52Z |
Luca de Meo |
diff |
| | | Line 10: | Line 10: | | nationality = Italian | | nationality = Italian | | education = [[Bocconi University]] | | education = [[Bocconi University]] | | occupation = Chief Executive Officer | | occupation = [[CEO]] of Renault Group | | awards = "Commendatore" by the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]]<br>[[Order of Isabella the Catholic|Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic]] | | awards = "Commendatore" by the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]]<br>[[Order of Isabella the Catholic|Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic]] | | title = CEO of [[Renault]] | | title = | }} | }} | | |
|
| 2023-05-21T14:43:58Z |
Osamu Suzuki (businessman) |
diff |
| | | Line 24: | Line 24: |
|
| ==Career== | ==Career== | Osamu Suzuki joined [[Suzuki Motor Corporation]] in 1958, worked through various positions including junior management posts and rose to the rank of the Director, in 1963. He became the Junior managing director in 1967 and was promoted to the post of the Senior managing director, in 1972. In 1978, Osamu became the President and the chief executive officer of the Corporation and, in 2000, he stepped down from the post of the CEO to take up the Chairmanship of the Suzuki Motor Corporation.<ref name="Reference for Business" /><ref name="Hirotaka Ono" /> | Osamu Suzuki joined [[Suzuki Motor Corporation]] in 1958, worked through various positions including junior management posts and rose to the rank of the Director, in 1963. He became the Junior managing director in 1967 and was promoted to the post of the Senior managing director, in 1972. In 1978, Osamu became the President and the [[Chief executive officer|Chief Executive Officer]] of the Corporation and, in 2000, he stepped down from the post of the CEO to take up the Chairmanship of the Suzuki Motor Corporation.<ref name="Reference for Business" /><ref name="Hirotaka Ono" /> |
|
| | | | Line 31: | Line 31: | [[File:Maruti 800 AC.jpg|thumb|200px|Maruti 800 AC]] | [[File:Maruti 800 AC.jpg|thumb|200px|Maruti 800 AC]] | [[File:Maruti Suzuki Swift Dzire.jpg|thumb|200px|Maruti Suzuki Swift Dzire]] | [[File:Maruti Suzuki Swift Dzire.jpg|thumb|200px|Maruti Suzuki Swift Dzire]] | Osamu Suzuki is credited to have transformed Suzuki Corporation into one of the largest small car manufacturers in the world. Instead of taking the major automakers head-on, Osamu expanded the company by finding new markets for its small cars, a strategy, often termed as marketing by diplomacy. He traveled around the globe to find prospective markets for his low priced cars and used diplomacy to penetrate them by forging new alliances.<ref name="Reference for Business" /> | Osamu Suzuki is credited to have transformed Suzuki Corporation into one of the largest small car manufacturers in the world. Instead of taking the major automakers head-on, Osamu expanded the company by finding new markets for its small cars, a strategy, often termed as marketing by diplomacy. He managed to gain a dominant share in India during his first two terms as President, from 1978 to 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Suzuki Motor’s long-time chief Osamu Suzuki to step down |url=https://www.livemint.com/auto-news/suzuki-motor-s-long-time-chief-osamu-suzuki-to-step-down-11614161424559.html |access-date=21 May 2023 |website=Mint}}</ref> He traveled around the globe to find prospective markets for his low priced cars and used diplomacy to penetrate them by forging new alliances.<ref name="Reference for Business" /> |
|
| The market run of Suzuki started in the late sixties when they started setting up satellite manufacturing units abroad. The first of such plants was in Thailand in 1967 which was followed by another one in Indonesia, in 1974. The next year saw Suzuki's entry into the Philippines. In 1980, Suzuki started a plant in Australia and another one in Pakistan, in 1982.<ref name="Reference for Business" /> He was also successful in forming an alliance with [[General Motors]], which gained Suzuki Corporation, an entry into the European market.<ref name="Hirotaka Ono" /><ref name="Auto news">{{cite web | url= http://www.autonews.com/article/20140628/OEM02/306289995/suzukis-84-year-old-ceo-causes-concern-over-lack-of-succession-plan | title=Auto news | access-date=August 13, 2014}}</ref> | The market run of Suzuki started in the late sixties when they started setting up satellite manufacturing units abroad. The first of such plants was in Thailand in 1967 which was followed by another one in Indonesia, in 1974. The next year saw Suzuki's entry into the Philippines. In 1980, Suzuki started a plant in Australia and another one in Pakistan, in 1982.<ref name="Reference for Business" /> He was also successful in forming an alliance with [[General Motors]], which gained Suzuki Corporation, an entry into the European market.<ref name="Hirotaka Ono" /><ref name="Auto news">{{cite web | url= http://www.autonews.com/article/20140628/OEM02/306289995/suzukis-84-year-old-ceo-causes-concern-over-lack-of-succession-plan | title=Auto news | access-date=August 13, 2014}}</ref> |
|
| 2023-05-21T14:27:53Z |
Tesla, Inc. |
diff |
| | | Line 853: | Line 853: |
|
| === List of board chairs === | === List of board chairs === | | | # Elon Musk (2004–2018) | | # [[Robyn Denholm]] (since November 2018)<ref name="MSJ-Markets-2022" /> | # [[Robyn Denholm]] (since November 2018)<ref name="MSJ-Markets-2022" /> |
|
|
|
| 2023-05-21T14:16:02Z |
Tesla, Inc. |
diff |
| | | Line 849: | Line 849: |
|
| # Martin Eberhard (2004–2007) | # Martin Eberhard (2004–2007) | | | # Ze'ev Drori (2007–2008) | | | |
|
|
|
| 2023-05-19T16:00:04Z |
Fendi |
diff |
| | | Line 31: | Line 31: | From 1946, the five sisters Paola, [[Anna Fendi|Anna]], Franca, [[Carla Fendi|Carla]], and Alda joined the company in its second generation as a family-owned enterprise,<ref name="fragrantica">{{cite web |url= http://www.fragrantica.com/designers/Fendi.html |title=Fendi perfumes and colognes |publisher=Fragrantica.com |access-date=October 24, 2011}}</ref> each owning 20 percent.<ref>John Tagliabue (October 13, 1999), French-Italian Alliance Takes Controlling Stake in Fendi [[New York Times]].</ref> [[Karl Lagerfeld]] joined Fendi in 1965<ref>{{Cite web|last=Findley|first=Lewis|title=The History of Fendi|url= https://journal.williamgeorge.com/the-history-of-fendi%7Caccess-date=2022-02-24%7Cwebsite=journal.williamgeorge.com%7Clanguage=en}}</ref> and became the [[creative director]] for the fur and women's ready-to-wear collections (launched in 1977).<ref>{{cite news |url= http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/columns/olivia-bergin/TMG8846242/Karl-Lagerfeld-to-launch-new-accessible-line.html |title=Karl Lagerfeld to launch new, accessible line |author=Bergin, Olivia |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=October 24, 2011 |access-date=October 24, 2011 |location=London |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111104011214/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/columns/olivia-bergin/TMG8846242/Karl-Lagerfeld-to-launch-new-accessible-line.html |archive-date=November 4, 2011 }}</ref> | From 1946, the five sisters Paola, [[Anna Fendi|Anna]], Franca, [[Carla Fendi|Carla]], and Alda joined the company in its second generation as a family-owned enterprise,<ref name="fragrantica">{{cite web |url= http://www.fragrantica.com/designers/Fendi.html |title=Fendi perfumes and colognes |publisher=Fragrantica.com |access-date=October 24, 2011}}</ref> each owning 20 percent.<ref>John Tagliabue (October 13, 1999), French-Italian Alliance Takes Controlling Stake in Fendi [[New York Times]].</ref> [[Karl Lagerfeld]] joined Fendi in 1965<ref>{{Cite web|last=Findley|first=Lewis|title=The History of Fendi|url= https://journal.williamgeorge.com/the-history-of-fendi%7Caccess-date=2022-02-24%7Cwebsite=journal.williamgeorge.com%7Clanguage=en}}</ref> and became the [[creative director]] for the fur and women's ready-to-wear collections (launched in 1977).<ref>{{cite news |url= http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/columns/olivia-bergin/TMG8846242/Karl-Lagerfeld-to-launch-new-accessible-line.html |title=Karl Lagerfeld to launch new, accessible line |author=Bergin, Olivia |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=October 24, 2011 |access-date=October 24, 2011 |location=London |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111104011214/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/columns/olivia-bergin/TMG8846242/Karl-Lagerfeld-to-launch-new-accessible-line.html |archive-date=November 4, 2011 }}</ref> |
|
| In 1966, Lagerfeld created the company logo,<ref> Fendi-evolution, mezzo secolo di logomania</ref> a double F in a square, which would later be the subject of various reinterpretations. Also in 1966, Fendi presented its first high fashion collection, expanding its interests in the United States and Japan. In 1969, its first commercial line of fur was launched, and in the following years, cosmetics and men accessories were released. In 1977, Fendi introduced clothing for the first time, its ready-to-wear collection.<ref name = "rewind"> Fendi rewind, storia del brand che celebra il lusso dell'artigianalità</ref> | In 1966, [[Karl Lagerfeld |Lagerfeld]] created the company logo,<ref> Fendi-evolution, mezzo secolo di logomania</ref> a double F in a square, which would later be the subject of various reinterpretations. Also in 1966, Fendi presented its first high fashion collection, expanding its interests in the United States and Japan. In 1969, its first commercial line of fur was launched, and in the following years, cosmetics and men accessories were released. In 1977, Fendi introduced clothing for the first time, its ready-to-wear collection.<ref name = "rewind"> Fendi rewind, storia del brand che celebra il lusso dell'artigianalità</ref> |
|
| ===1980s–1990s=== | ===1980s–1990s=== | | Line 38: | Line 38: | In 1989, Fendi opened its first United States boutique in New York on 5th Avenue. | In 1989, Fendi opened its first United States boutique in New York on 5th Avenue. |
|
| In 1994, Paola Fendi handed over presidency of the company to her younger sister Carla.<ref> FENDI INVESTIGATED [[British Vogue]], 2 December 2003.</ref> Silvia Venturini Fendi, daughter of Anna, joined the fashion house in 1994 and has since been the artistic director for accessories and co-designer of the women's line alongside Lagerfeld; in 1997 she designed the [[Baguette (bag)|Baguette Bag]], an iconic model that beat all sales and notoriety records.<ref name = "rewind" /> | In 1994, Paola Fendi handed over presidency of the company to her younger sister Carla.<ref> FENDI INVESTIGATED [[British Vogue]], 2 December 2003.</ref> Silvia Venturini Fendi, daughter of Anna, joined the fashion house in 1994 and has since been the artistic director for accessories and co-designer of the women's line alongside [[Karl Lagerfeld |Lagerfeld]]; in 1997 she designed the [[Baguette (bag)|Baguette Bag]], an iconic model that beat all sales and notoriety records.<ref name = "rewind" /> |
|
| === Sale of controlling share === | === Sale of controlling share === | | Line 57: | Line 57: | | |
|
| | |
|
| ==Other activities== | ==Other activities== | | Line 78: | Line 78: |
|
| == Artistic directors == | == Artistic directors == | After 2019 Karl Lagerfeld direction (1965-2019), Silvia Venturini Fendi took over both the men's and women's collections. From September 2020, the women's collection was entrusted to Kim Jones, former stylist for the Dior men's collection, who was appointed artistic director of [[haute couture|couture]] and womenswear. Silvia Venturini remains artistic director of accessories and menswear.<ref> Kim Jones nuovo direttore creativo di Fendi donna. E continua da Dior</ref> Jones' debut collection was for Fall / Winter 2021/2022.<ref> Sorpresa in casa Fendi, arriva Kim Jones</ref><br /> In 2021 Delfina Delettrez Fendi, Silvia Venturini Fendi’s daughter, was appointed artistic director of jewelry. | |
|
| == Cinema == | == Cinema == | | Line 85: | Line 85: |
|
| == Campaigns == | == Campaigns == | | |
|
| == Philanthropy == | == Philanthropy == |
|
| 2023-05-19T15:33:10Z |
L'Oréal |
diff |
| | | Line 117: | Line 117: | | | | | | |
|
| == Corporate affairs == | == Corporate affairs == |
|
| 2023-05-19T15:25:58Z |
L'Oréal |
diff |
| | | Line 39: | Line 39: | }} | }} |
|
| | |
|
| ==History== | ==History== | ===Founding=== | ===Founding=== | In the early 20th century, [[Eugène Schueller|Eugène Paul Louis Schueller]] (1881–1957), a | In the early 20th century, [[Eugène Schueller|Eugène Paul Louis Schueller]] (1881–1957), a | young [[French people|French]] [[chemist]], developed a [[Hair coloring|hair dye]] formula called Oréale. Schueller formulated and manufactured his own products, which he then decided to sell to [[Paris]]ian hairdressers. On 31 July 1919, Schueller registered his company,<ref> Corporate financial reporting by Amberr Aslamm on Prezi. Prezi.com. Retrieved on 12 April 2015.</ref> the Société Française de Teintures Inoffensives pour Cheveux (Safe Hair Dye Company of France). The guiding principles of the company, which eventually became L'Oréal, were research and innovation in the field of beauty. In 1920, the company employed three chemists; the team continued to grow with 100 by the year 1950, and 1,000 by the year 1984; as recently as 2021, there was an estimated total of 85,252 worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Number of employees of L'Oréal worldwide 2021, by geographic zone |url= https://www.statista.com/statistics/259259/number-of-employees-of-loreal-worldwide-by-geographic-zone/ |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref> | young [[French people|French]] [[chemist]], developed a [[Hair coloring|hair dye]] formula called Oréale. Schueller formulated and manufactured his own products, which he then decided to sell to [[Paris]]ian hairdressers. On 31 July 1919, Schueller registered his company,<ref name=":4"> Corporate financial reporting by Amberr Aslamm on Prezi. Prezi.com. Retrieved on 12 April 2015.</ref> the Société Française de Teintures Inoffensives pour Cheveux (Safe Hair Dye Company of France). The guiding principles of the company, which eventually became L'Oréal, were research and innovation in the field of beauty. In 1920, the company employed three chemists; the team continued to grow with 100 by the year 1950, and 1,000 by the year 1984; as recently as 2021, there was an estimated total of 85,252 worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Number of employees of L'Oréal worldwide 2021, by geographic zone |url= https://www.statista.com/statistics/259259/number-of-employees-of-loreal-worldwide-by-geographic-zone/ |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref> |
|
| Schueller provided financial support and held meetings for [[La Cagoule]] at L'Oréal headquarters. La Cagoule was a violent French [[fascist]]-leaning and anti-[[communist]] group whose leader formed a political party [[Mouvement Social Révolutionnaire]] (MSR, Social Revolutionary Movement), which in Occupied France supported the Vichy collaboration with the Germans.<ref>{{cite magazine |url= http://www.gladwell.com/2011/2011_03_28_a_color_of_money.html |title=The Color of Money |date=28 March 2011 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |last=Gladwell |first=Malcolm |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120505045702/http://gladwell.com/2011/2011_03_28_a_color_of_money.html |archive-date=5 May 2012 }}</ref> L'Oréal hired several members of the group as executives after [[World War II]], such as [[Jacques Corrèze]], who served as CEO of the United States operation. | Schueller provided financial support and held meetings for [[La Cagoule]] at L'Oréal headquarters. La Cagoule was a violent French [[fascist]]-leaning and anti-[[communist]] group whose leader formed a political party [[Mouvement Social Révolutionnaire]] (MSR, Social Revolutionary Movement), which in Occupied France supported the Vichy collaboration with the Germans.<ref>{{cite magazine |url= http://www.gladwell.com/2011/2011_03_28_a_color_of_money.html |title=The Color of Money |date=28 March 2011 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |last=Gladwell |first=Malcolm |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120505045702/http://gladwell.com/2011/2011_03_28_a_color_of_money.html |archive-date=5 May 2012 }}</ref> L'Oréal hired several members of the group as executives after [[World War II]], such as [[Jacques Corrèze]], who served as CEO of the United States operation. | | Line 110: | Line 110: | | | | | *[[Jaha Dukureh]] (2018–present){{citation needed|date=August 2022}} | *[[Jaha Dukureh]] (2018–present)<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> | | | | |
|
| 2023-05-19T15:15:14Z |
Roger & Gallet |
diff |
| | | Line 15: | Line 15: | }} | }} |
|
| | |
|
| Roger & Gallet purchased the [[Paris]]ian perfumery business founded in 1806 by Jean Marie Joseph Farina, grand-grand-nephew of [[Johann Maria Farina|Giovanni Maria Farina]], the creator of [[Eau de Cologne]]. Roger & Gallet then won a legal dispute over the right to use the Farina family name, and the company now owns the rights to Eau de Cologne extra vieille, in contrast to the Original Eau de Cologne from [[Cologne]]. | Roger & Gallet purchased the [[Paris]]ian perfumery business founded in 1806 by Jean Marie Joseph Farina, grand-grand-nephew of [[Johann Maria Farina|Giovanni Maria Farina]], the creator of [[Eau de Cologne]]. Roger & Gallet then won a legal dispute over the right to use the Farina family name, and the company now owns the rights to Eau de Cologne extra vieille, in contrast to the Original Eau de Cologne from [[Cologne]]. |
|
| 2023-05-19T14:58:20Z |
Riceland Foods |
diff |
| | | Line 64: | Line 64: | |2020 ||$868 M || | |2020 ||$868 M || | |- | |- | | | |2021 ||$995 M || | | |- | |- | | |
|
| 2023-05-19T14:53:13Z |
Riceland Foods |
diff |
| | | Line 66: | Line 66: | |2021 ||$995 M || | |2021 ||$995 M || | |- | |- | | | |2022 ||$1.21 B || | | |} | |} |
|
|
|
| 2023-05-19T14:41:14Z |
Nestlé Purina PetCare |
diff |
|
| 2023-05-19T14:26:15Z |
Nestlé Purina PetCare |
diff |
| | | Line 139: | Line 139: | In 2010, Nestlé Purina PetCare won the [[Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award]] based on organizational and manufacturing performance.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nestlé Purina: building on a tradition of trust|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=Watt Petfood Industry|archive-date=February 23, 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150223061847/http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Curl-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=How Nestlé Purina PetCare earned the Malcolm Baldrige Award|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/NestleBaldrige.aspx%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> Its manufacturing operations have continuously reduced the amount of materials used in packaging, increased the recycling of waste product and reduced water usage, in addition to installing solar panels to produce electricity for its offices and facilities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Heroes of the Planet – Nestlé Purina PetCare|date=October 26, 2012|url= http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/print-edition/2012/10/26/heroes-of-the-planet---nestle-purina.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2011, Nestlé Purina PetCare was ranked as one of 11 most sustainable companies in Two Tomorrow's annual ranking.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina's parent company ranks among top 'green' firms|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=October 27, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestle_Purina_s_parent_company_ranks_among_top__green__firms.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> As of 2014, it has 19 manufacturing plants.<ref>{{citation|url= https://www.nestlepurinacareers.com/why-purina/our-locations/%7Ctitle=Our locations|publisher=Nestle Purina Petcare|access-date=November 5, 2014}}</ref>{{efn|Nestle Purina had 26 manufacturing facilities in 2012<ref name="eleventwelve"/>}} | In 2010, Nestlé Purina PetCare won the [[Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award]] based on organizational and manufacturing performance.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nestlé Purina: building on a tradition of trust|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=Watt Petfood Industry|archive-date=February 23, 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150223061847/http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Curl-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=How Nestlé Purina PetCare earned the Malcolm Baldrige Award|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/NestleBaldrige.aspx%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> Its manufacturing operations have continuously reduced the amount of materials used in packaging, increased the recycling of waste product and reduced water usage, in addition to installing solar panels to produce electricity for its offices and facilities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Heroes of the Planet – Nestlé Purina PetCare|date=October 26, 2012|url= http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/print-edition/2012/10/26/heroes-of-the-planet---nestle-purina.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2011, Nestlé Purina PetCare was ranked as one of 11 most sustainable companies in Two Tomorrow's annual ranking.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina's parent company ranks among top 'green' firms|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=October 27, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestle_Purina_s_parent_company_ranks_among_top__green__firms.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> As of 2014, it has 19 manufacturing plants.<ref>{{citation|url= https://www.nestlepurinacareers.com/why-purina/our-locations/%7Ctitle=Our locations|publisher=Nestle Purina Petcare|access-date=November 5, 2014}}</ref>{{efn|Nestle Purina had 26 manufacturing facilities in 2012<ref name="eleventwelve"/>}} |
|
| In FY21, Purina PetCare's annual revenue reached US$16.903 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2022 |title=Purina FY21 sales up US$1.7 bil, gaining market globally |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/11057-purina-fy21-sales-up-us1-bil-gaining-market-globally |access-date=20 April 2023 |website=Petfood Industry}}</ref> By the start of 2022, Purina PetCare's sales witnessed an increase of nearly 14%.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=24 October 2022 |title=Purina PetCare pet food sales up 14% so far in 2022 |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/11702-purina-petcare-pet-food-sales-up-14-so-far-in-2022 |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=Petfood Industry}}</ref> In that year, Purina managed to grow and eventually lead to Nestlé's expansion worldwide.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=22 March 2023 |title=Nestle Purina PetCare performance by geographic region in 2022 |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/12121-nestle-purina-petcare-performance-by-geographic-region-in-2022 |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=Petfood industry}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Accordingly, Purina's sales in FY22 reached $19.385 billion and its organic growth attained 14.5%.<ref name=":2" /> In January 2023, Purina was considered the 'No. 1 petcare compagny in the U.S.' which nourishes 65 million dogs as well as 51 million cats per annum.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2023 |title=Nestlé Petcare implements new retail organization system |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/11944-nestle-petcare-implements-new-retail-organization-system |access-date=20 April 2023 |website=Petfood Industry}}</ref> The same year, in March, it was announced that Purina PetCare was the second largest category of Nestlé, following coffee, and had the largest market share in the U.S.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2023 |title=5 pet foods brands lead US market share, Purina tops |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/12042-5-pet-foods-brands-lead-us-market-share-purina-tops |access-date=12 April 2023 |website=Petfood Industry}}</ref> | In FY21, Purina PetCare's annual revenue reached US$16.903 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2022 |title=Purina FY21 sales up US$1.7 bil, gaining market globally |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/11057-purina-fy21-sales-up-us1-bil-gaining-market-globally |access-date=20 April 2023 |website=Petfood Industry}}</ref> By the start of 2022, Purina PetCare's sales witnessed an increase of nearly 14%.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=24 October 2022 |title=Purina PetCare pet food sales up 14% so far in 2022 |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/11702-purina-petcare-pet-food-sales-up-14-so-far-in-2022 |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=Petfood Industry}}</ref> Indeed, Purina PetCare sales grew each quarter in 2022.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=18 May 2023 |title=Purina PetCare made up 35% of Nestle’s global e-commerce in 2022 |url=https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/12295-purina-petcare-made-up-35-of-nestles-global-e-commerce-in-2022 |access-date=19 May 2023 |website=Petfood Industry}}</ref> In that year, Purina managed to rise and eventually lead to Nestlé's expansion worldwide.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=22 March 2023 |title=Nestle Purina PetCare performance by geographic region in 2022 |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/12121-nestle-purina-petcare-performance-by-geographic-region-in-2022 |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=Petfood industry}}</ref><ref name=":1 " /> Also, Purina PetCare accounted for 90% of Nestlé's online pet sales in 2022.<ref name=":4" /> Accordingly, Purina's sales in FY22 reached $19.385 billion and its organic growth attained 14.5%.<ref name=":2" /> In January 2023, Purina was considered the 'No. 1 petcare compagny in the U.S.' which nourishes 65 million dogs as well as 51 million cats per annum.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2023 |title=Nestlé Petcare implements new retail organization system |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/11944-nestle-petcare-implements-new-retail-organization-system |access-date=20 April 2023 |website=Petfood Industry}}</ref> The same year, in March, it was announced that Purina PetCare was the second largest category of Nestlé, following coffee, and had the largest market share in the U.S.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2023 |title=5 pet foods brands lead US market share, Purina tops |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/12042-5-pet-foods-brands-lead-us-market-share-purina-tops |access-date=12 April 2023 |website=Petfood Industry}}</ref> |
|
| ==See also== | ==See also== |
|
| 2023-05-19T14:12:31Z |
Fenty Beauty |
diff |
| | | Line 73: | Line 73: | | |
|
| | |
|
| ===Diversity=== | ===Diversity=== |
|
| 2023-05-18T15:01:12Z |
Rare Beauty |
diff |
| | | Line 30: | Line 30: | Rare Beauty was founded on February 22, 2019, by American singer and actress [[Selena Gomez]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=RARE BEAUTY, LLC :: California (US) |url= https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_ca/201905310862 |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=[[OpenCorporates]]}}</ref> On February 4, 2020, she formally announced her company on social media.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Selena Gomez announces 'Rare Beauty' collection for summer 2020 |url= https://www.goodmorningamerica.com/style/story/selena-gomez-announces-rare-beauty-collection-summer-2020-68757133 |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=Good Morning America |language=en}}</ref> In its accompanying video, Gomez revealed that she's been working on the cosmetics line for the last two years, and that she "found the right partners and the right team — we now have 28 amazing people that are working for the brand." On the new venture, Gomez explained that Rare Beauty would encompass an entire lifestyle, and that it "isn’t about how other people see you — it’s about how you see yourself. I want us all to stop comparing ourselves to each other and to start embracing our own uniqueness. You are not defined by a photo, a like, or a comment.”<ref>{{Cite web |last=Decker |first=Megan |date=2020-02-04 |title=Selena Gomez Is Launching Her Own Beauty Brand At Sephora |url= https://www.refinery29.com/en-gb/2020/02/9359622/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-brand |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=[[Refinery29]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> In an interview with [[Allure (magazine)| Allure]], Gomez stated that "beauty doesn’t have to be defined by a like or a comment, or your body. We were always under the notion that this was going to be also about mental health and creating a safe place for people to connect."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chia |first1=Jessica |title=Selena Gomez's Rare Beauty Line Is Coming Soon, and We Got to Try It Early |url= https://www.allure.com/story/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-makeup-line-interview-review |website=Allure.com |publisher=Allure |access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref> She also emphasized that her "main purpose when I started Rare Beauty was to break down the unrealistic standards of beauty we see in society today", motivated by the "pressure on us to be “perfect”.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tan |first1=Amelia |title=Selena Gomez on Rare Beauty, and How She Challenges the ‘Beauty Myth’ With Her Makeup Line |url= https://www.nylon.com.sg/2021/06/interview-selena-gomez-on-makeup-brand-rare-beauty/ |website=Nylon |publisher=Nylon |access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref> | Rare Beauty was founded on February 22, 2019, by American singer and actress [[Selena Gomez]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=RARE BEAUTY, LLC :: California (US) |url= https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_ca/201905310862 |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=[[OpenCorporates]]}}</ref> On February 4, 2020, she formally announced her company on social media.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Selena Gomez announces 'Rare Beauty' collection for summer 2020 |url= https://www.goodmorningamerica.com/style/story/selena-gomez-announces-rare-beauty-collection-summer-2020-68757133 |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=Good Morning America |language=en}}</ref> In its accompanying video, Gomez revealed that she's been working on the cosmetics line for the last two years, and that she "found the right partners and the right team — we now have 28 amazing people that are working for the brand." On the new venture, Gomez explained that Rare Beauty would encompass an entire lifestyle, and that it "isn’t about how other people see you — it’s about how you see yourself. I want us all to stop comparing ourselves to each other and to start embracing our own uniqueness. You are not defined by a photo, a like, or a comment.”<ref>{{Cite web |last=Decker |first=Megan |date=2020-02-04 |title=Selena Gomez Is Launching Her Own Beauty Brand At Sephora |url= https://www.refinery29.com/en-gb/2020/02/9359622/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-brand |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=[[Refinery29]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> In an interview with [[Allure (magazine)| Allure]], Gomez stated that "beauty doesn’t have to be defined by a like or a comment, or your body. We were always under the notion that this was going to be also about mental health and creating a safe place for people to connect."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chia |first1=Jessica |title=Selena Gomez's Rare Beauty Line Is Coming Soon, and We Got to Try It Early |url= https://www.allure.com/story/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-makeup-line-interview-review |website=Allure.com |publisher=Allure |access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref> She also emphasized that her "main purpose when I started Rare Beauty was to break down the unrealistic standards of beauty we see in society today", motivated by the "pressure on us to be “perfect”.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tan |first1=Amelia |title=Selena Gomez on Rare Beauty, and How She Challenges the ‘Beauty Myth’ With Her Makeup Line |url= https://www.nylon.com.sg/2021/06/interview-selena-gomez-on-makeup-brand-rare-beauty/ |website=Nylon |publisher=Nylon |access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref> |
|
| In August 2020, Gomez revealed on [[Instagram]] that Rare Beauty would be launching on September 3 on its official website and in [[Sephora]] stores across North America.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cacciatore |first1=Bella |title=Rare Beauty: Selena Gomez’s Beauty Line Is Finally Here |url= https://www.glamour.com/story/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-line-details |website=Glamour.com |publisher=Glamour |access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Robin |first1=Marci |title=Selena Gomez Finally Announced the Launch Date for Rare Beauty |url= https://www.allure.com/story/rare-beauty-selena-gomez-launch-date |website=Allure.com |publisher=Allure |access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref> Its original included 48 shades of [[Foundation (cosmetics)|foundation]], matte lip creams, eyebrow definers, [[Rouge (cosmetics)|liquid blush]], and [[lip balm]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-16 |title=Selena Gomez’s Rare Beauty Will Launch With 48 Shades |url= https://www.teenvogue.com/story/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-will-launch-with-48-shades |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=Teen Vogue |language=en-US}}</ref> The [[Testing cosmetics on animals|cruelty-free]] and [[Veganism|vegan]] products were packaged with recyclable materials certified by the [[Forest Stewardship Council]] (FSC), and was printed with water-based ink.<ref>{{cite web |title=Environmental Impact |url= https://www.rarebeauty.com/pages/sustainability |website=RareBeauty.com |publisher=Rare Beauty |access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref> As the company grew, Rare Beauty expanded its markets to the [[Middle East]], [[Europe]], and [[Southeast Asia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Insider Roundup: Selena Gomez’s Rare Beauty To Arrive In Asia & More |url= https://thebeaulife.co/art-entertainment-news/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-insider-roundup |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=TheBeauLife}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-24 |title=Selena Gomez’s Rare Beauty is Launching in the Middle East |url= https://en.vogue.me/beauty/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-launching-middle-east/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=Vogue Arabia |language=en-GB}}</ref> In February 2022, the company launched in the [[United Kingdom]] exclusively through [[Space.NK]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lindsay |first1=Grace |title=Selena Gomez just launched Rare Beauty in the UK (and we want it all) |url= https://www.marieclaire.co.uk/news/beauty-news/rare-beauty-uk-launch-763965 |website=MarieClaire.com |publisher=Marie Claire |access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chitrakorn |first=Kati |date=2022-04-20 |title=Why Space NK is powering pop-ups for emerging beauty brands |url= https://www.voguebusiness.com/beauty/why-space-nk-is-powering-pop-ups-for-emerging-beauty-brands |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=Vogue Business |language=en-US}}</ref> Going viral on TikTok, the Rare Beauty blush has made a significant impact on the brands imaging, some even say the product is "too pigmented."<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.cosmopolitan.com/style-beauty/beauty/a39574408/rare-beauty-liquid-blush-review/}}</ref> | In August 2020, Gomez revealed on [[Instagram]] that Rare Beauty would be launching on September 3 on its official website and in [[Sephora]] stores across North America.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cacciatore |first1=Bella |title=Rare Beauty: Selena Gomez’s Beauty Line Is Finally Here |url= https://www.glamour.com/story/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-line-details |website=Glamour.com |publisher=Glamour |access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Robin |first1=Marci |title=Selena Gomez Finally Announced the Launch Date for Rare Beauty |url= https://www.allure.com/story/rare-beauty-selena-gomez-launch-date |website=Allure.com |publisher=Allure |access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref> Its original included 48 shades of [[Foundation (cosmetics)|foundation]], matte lip creams, eyebrow definers, [[Rouge (cosmetics)|liquid blush]], and [[lip balm]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-16 |title=Selena Gomez’s Rare Beauty Will Launch With 48 Shades |url= https://www.teenvogue.com/story/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-will-launch-with-48-shades |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=Teen Vogue |language=en-US}}</ref> The [[Testing cosmetics on animals|cruelty-free]] and [[Veganism|vegan]] products were packaged with recyclable materials certified by the [[Forest Stewardship Council]] (FSC) <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rare Beauty Empire: Here's How Selena Gomez Built Her Beauty Brand |url=https://www.therichest.com/rich-powerful/the-rare-beauty-empire-heres-how-selena-gomez-built-her-beauty-brand/ |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=TheRichest}}</ref>, and was printed with water-based ink.<ref>{{cite web |title=Environmental Impact |url= https://www.rarebeauty.com/pages/sustainability |website=RareBeauty.com |publisher=Rare Beauty |access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref> As the company grew, Rare Beauty expanded its markets to the [[Middle East]], [[Europe]], and [[Southeast Asia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Insider Roundup: Selena Gomez’s Rare Beauty To Arrive In Asia & More |url= https://thebeaulife.co/art-entertainment-news/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-insider-roundup |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=TheBeauLife}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-24 |title=Selena Gomez’s Rare Beauty is Launching in the Middle East |url= https://en.vogue.me/beauty/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-launching-middle-east/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=Vogue Arabia |language=en-GB}}</ref> In February 2022, the company launched in the [[United Kingdom]] exclusively through [[Space.NK]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lindsay |first1=Grace |title=Selena Gomez just launched Rare Beauty in the UK (and we want it all) |url= https://www.marieclaire.co.uk/news/beauty-news/rare-beauty-uk-launch-763965 |website=MarieClaire.com |publisher=Marie Claire |access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chitrakorn |first=Kati |date=2022-04-20 |title=Why Space NK is powering pop-ups for emerging beauty brands |url= https://www.voguebusiness.com/beauty/why-space-nk-is-powering-pop-ups-for-emerging-beauty-brands |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=Vogue Business |language=en-US }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Selena Gomez's Rare Beauty makes its UK debut |url=https://www.cosmeticsbusiness.com/news/article_page/Selena_Gomezs_Rare_Beauty_makes_its_UK_debut/198385 |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=Cosmetics Business}}</ref> Going viral on TikTok, the Rare Beauty blush has made a significant impact on the brands imaging, some even say the product is "too pigmented."<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.cosmopolitan.com/style-beauty/beauty/a39574408/rare-beauty-liquid-blush-review/}}</ref> |
|
| As apart of her commitment to mental health awareness and education, Gomez created the Rare Impact Fund to help "young people gain access to mental health resources", and is committed to raise [[United States dollar|US$]]100 million over the next ten years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gold |first=Jessica |title=Selena Gomez’s Rare Beauty Pledges To Raise $100 Million For Mental Health |url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/jessicagold/2020/07/22/selena-gomezs-rare-beauty-pledges-to-raise-100m-for-mental-health/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> To achieve that goal, a percentage of all Rare Beauty sales, along with "philanthropic foundations, corporate partners, and individuals in our community" will be donated towards the fund.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-23 |title=Selena Gomez's Rare Beauty to Raise $100 Million for Mental Health Initiatives |url= https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a33403145/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-fund-raising-100-million-mental-health-services/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=Harper's BAZAAR |language=en-us}}</ref> In its first year, the non-profit affiliate provided $1.2 million in grants to eight mental health and education-focused organizations, including the [[Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence]] and Didi Hirsch Mental Health Services.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stables |first1=Paige |title=Selena Gomez Has Rewritten the Script for Beauty Start-Ups |url= https://www.allure.com/story/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-impact-interview |website=Allure.com |publisher=Allure |access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref> For [[Mental Health Awareness Month]], Rare Beauty launched its first [[GoFundMe]] campaign and pledged to match $200,000 of donations. The company also launched an education and advocacy initiative called Mental Health 101, which is "dedicated to supporting mental health education and encouraging financial support for more mental health services in educational services."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Aziz |first1=Afdhel |title=Rare Beauty Launches Mental Health 101 Campaign To Help Gen-Z Get Access To Health For All |url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/afdhelaziz/2021/05/20/rare-beauty-launches-mental-health-101-campaign-to-help-gen-z-get-access-to-health-for-all/?sh=7fec7bc12829 |website=Forbes.com |publisher=Forbes |access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Selena Gomez Launches ‘Your Words Matter’ Mental Health Campaign With Rare Beauty |url= https://finance.yahoo.com/news/selena-gomez-launches-words-matter-194033317.html |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=finance.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}</ref> | As apart of her commitment to mental health awareness and education, Gomez created the Rare Impact Fund to help "young people gain access to mental health resources", and is committed to raise [[United States dollar|US$]]100 million over the next ten years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gold |first=Jessica |title=Selena Gomez’s Rare Beauty Pledges To Raise $100 Million For Mental Health |url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/jessicagold/2020/07/22/selena-gomezs-rare-beauty-pledges-to-raise-100m-for-mental-health/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> To achieve that goal, a percentage of all Rare Beauty sales, along with "philanthropic foundations, corporate partners, and individuals in our community" will be donated towards the fund.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-23 |title=Selena Gomez's Rare Beauty to Raise $100 Million for Mental Health Initiatives |url= https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a33403145/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-fund-raising-100-million-mental-health-services/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=Harper's BAZAAR |language=en-us}}</ref> In its first year, the non-profit affiliate provided $1.2 million in grants to eight mental health and education-focused organizations, including the [[Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence]] and Didi Hirsch Mental Health Services.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stables |first1=Paige |title=Selena Gomez Has Rewritten the Script for Beauty Start-Ups |url= https://www.allure.com/story/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-impact-interview |website=Allure.com |publisher=Allure |access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref> For [[Mental Health Awareness Month]], Rare Beauty launched its first [[GoFundMe]] campaign and pledged to match $200,000 of donations. The company also launched an education and advocacy initiative called Mental Health 101, which is "dedicated to supporting mental health education and encouraging financial support for more mental health services in educational services."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Aziz |first1=Afdhel |title=Rare Beauty Launches Mental Health 101 Campaign To Help Gen-Z Get Access To Health For All |url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/afdhelaziz/2021/05/20/rare-beauty-launches-mental-health-101-campaign-to-help-gen-z-get-access-to-health-for-all/?sh=7fec7bc12829 |website=Forbes.com |publisher=Forbes |access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Selena Gomez Launches ‘Your Words Matter’ Mental Health Campaign With Rare Beauty |url= https://finance.yahoo.com/news/selena-gomez-launches-words-matter-194033317.html |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=finance.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}</ref> |
|
| == Inclusivity == | == Inclusivity == | | |
|
| ==Awards and nominations== | ==Awards and nominations== |
|
| 2023-05-18T14:44:34Z |
Kristen Bell |
diff |
| | | Line 94: | Line 94: | In 2020, Bell published the children's book The World Needs More Purple People,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kristen Bell Is Now a Children's Book Author—and We Love Her Reading Advice|url= https://www.parents.com/fun/entertainment/books/kristen-bell-is-now-a-kid-lit-author-and-we-love-her-reading-advice/%7Cwebsite=Parents%7Clanguage=EN%7Caccess-date=May 17, 2020|archive-date=May 17, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200517020600/https://www.parents.com/fun/entertainment/books/kristen-bell-is-now-a-kid-lit-author-and-we-love-her-reading-advice/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> which she co-wrote with [[Benjamin Hart]]. Also in 2020, Bell voiced Molly Tillerman in the [[Apple TV+]] animated musical comedy series [[Central Park (TV series)|Central Park]], which reunited her with Frozen co-star [[Josh Gad]] and Bad Moms co-star [[Kathryn Hahn]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=March 12, 2018|title=Animated Comedy 'Central Park' From 'Bob's Burgers' Creator & Josh Gad Lands 2-Season Pickup By Apple With Star Cast|url= https://deadline.com/2018/03/central-park-animated-comedy-series-bobs-burgers-creator-josh-gad-apple-2-season-order-kristen-bell-1202336057/%7Caccess-date=April 12, 2019|website=Deadline|archive-date=March 12, 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180312205041/http://deadline.com/2018/03/central-park-animated-comedy-series-bobs-burgers-creator-josh-gad-apple-2-season-order-kristen-bell-1202336057/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> Central Park received a two-season order from Apple and the series premiered on May 29, 2020. In June 2020, it was announced that Bell, who is white, would no longer voice the biracial character of Molly. The role would be re-cast with a black or mixed race actress, with Bell voicing a new role.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/kristen-mixed-race-character-central-park-apple-1234648875/%7Ctitle=Kristen Bell Will No Longer Voice Mixed-Race Character in Apple's 'Central Park'|website=Variety|first=Will|last=Thorne|date=June 24, 2020|access-date=June 24, 2020|archive-date=June 25, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200625012733/https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/kristen-mixed-race-character-central-park-apple-1234648875/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> | In 2020, Bell published the children's book The World Needs More Purple People,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kristen Bell Is Now a Children's Book Author—and We Love Her Reading Advice|url= https://www.parents.com/fun/entertainment/books/kristen-bell-is-now-a-kid-lit-author-and-we-love-her-reading-advice/%7Cwebsite=Parents%7Clanguage=EN%7Caccess-date=May 17, 2020|archive-date=May 17, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200517020600/https://www.parents.com/fun/entertainment/books/kristen-bell-is-now-a-kid-lit-author-and-we-love-her-reading-advice/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> which she co-wrote with [[Benjamin Hart]]. Also in 2020, Bell voiced Molly Tillerman in the [[Apple TV+]] animated musical comedy series [[Central Park (TV series)|Central Park]], which reunited her with Frozen co-star [[Josh Gad]] and Bad Moms co-star [[Kathryn Hahn]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=March 12, 2018|title=Animated Comedy 'Central Park' From 'Bob's Burgers' Creator & Josh Gad Lands 2-Season Pickup By Apple With Star Cast|url= https://deadline.com/2018/03/central-park-animated-comedy-series-bobs-burgers-creator-josh-gad-apple-2-season-order-kristen-bell-1202336057/%7Caccess-date=April 12, 2019|website=Deadline|archive-date=March 12, 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180312205041/http://deadline.com/2018/03/central-park-animated-comedy-series-bobs-burgers-creator-josh-gad-apple-2-season-order-kristen-bell-1202336057/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> Central Park received a two-season order from Apple and the series premiered on May 29, 2020. In June 2020, it was announced that Bell, who is white, would no longer voice the biracial character of Molly. The role would be re-cast with a black or mixed race actress, with Bell voicing a new role.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/kristen-mixed-race-character-central-park-apple-1234648875/%7Ctitle=Kristen Bell Will No Longer Voice Mixed-Race Character in Apple's 'Central Park'|website=Variety|first=Will|last=Thorne|date=June 24, 2020|access-date=June 24, 2020|archive-date=June 25, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200625012733/https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/kristen-mixed-race-character-central-park-apple-1234648875/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> |
|
| In 2021, Bell produces and voices a lead character in the [[Amazon Prime Video]] animated musical pre-school series Do, Re, & Mi.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://variety.com/2018/tv/global/amazon-studios-gaumont-kristen-bell-do-re-mi-1202936643/%7Ctitle=Amazon Studios Greenlights Gaumont-Kristen Bell Animated Series 'Do, Re & Mi'|last=Keslassy|first=Elsa|date=September 11, 2018|website=Variety|access-date=January 17, 2020|archive-date=September 11, 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180911194602/https://variety.com/2018/tv/global/amazon-studios-gaumont-kristen-bell-do-re-mi-1202936643/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> She also returned to narrate as the titular character of the [[HBO Max]] teen drama series [[Gossip Girl (2021 TV series)|Gossip Girl]], a soft reboot and sequel to the [[Gossip Girl|2007–2012 series of the same]].<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/gossip-girl-hbo-max-kristen-bell-1203397230/%7Ctitle=Kristen Bell to Return as Narrator for HBO Max 'Gossip Girl' Reboot|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|first=Joe|last=Otterson|date=November 7, 2019|access-date=September 8, 2020|archive-date=September 20, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200920130505/https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/gossip-girl-hbo-max-kristen-bell-1203397230/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> Bell also starred alongside [[Kirby Howell-Baptiste]] as a pair of housewives who created a multi-million dollar coupon scam in the comedy film [[Queenpins]].<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://deadline.com/2020/09/kristen-bell-kirby-howell-baptiste-coupon-scam-comedy-queenpins-snapped-up-by-stx-tiff-1234572611/ |title=Kristen Bell & Kirby Howell-Baptiste Coupon Scam Comedy 'Queenpins' Snapped Up By STX – TIFF |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=September 8, 2020 |website=Deadline |access-date=September 8, 2020 |archive-date=September 12, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200912213149/https://deadline.com/2020/09/kristen-bell-kirby-howell-baptiste-coupon-scam-comedy-queenpins-snapped-up-by-stx-tiff-1234572611/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/queenpins-real-story-behind-kristen-123000051.html%7Ctitle='Queenpins': Here's the Real Story Behind Kristen Bell's Crime Comedy|author=Andi Ortiz|date=September 30, 2021|accessdate=November 28, 2021|work=[[Yahoo! Entertainment]]|publisher=Oath}}</ref> The film was released to [[Paramount+]] on September 10, 2021. | In 2021, Bell produces and voices a lead character in the [[Amazon Prime Video]] animated musical pre-school series Do, Re, & Mi.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://variety.com/2018/tv/global/amazon-studios-gaumont-kristen-bell-do-re-mi-1202936643/%7Ctitle=Amazon Studios Greenlights Gaumont-Kristen Bell Animated Series 'Do, Re & Mi'|last=Keslassy|first=Elsa|date=September 11, 2018|website=Variety|access-date=January 17, 2020|archive-date=September 11, 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180911194602/https://variety.com/2018/tv/global/amazon-studios-gaumont-kristen-bell-do-re-mi-1202936643/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> She also returned to narrate as the titular character of the [[HBO Max]] teen drama series [[Gossip Girl (2021 TV series)|Gossip Girl]], a soft reboot and sequel to the [[Gossip Girl|2007–2012 series of the same]].<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/gossip-girl-hbo-max-kristen-bell-1203397230/%7Ctitle=Kristen Bell to Return as Narrator for HBO Max 'Gossip Girl' Reboot|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|first=Joe|last=Otterson|date=November 7, 2019|access-date=September 8, 2020|archive-date=September 20, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200920130505/https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/gossip-girl-hbo-max-kristen-bell-1203397230/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> Bell also starred alongside [[Kirby Howell-Baptiste]] as a pair of housewives who created a multi-million dollar coupon scam in the comedy film [[Queenpins]].<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://deadline.com/2020/09/kristen-bell-kirby-howell-baptiste-coupon-scam-comedy-queenpins-snapped-up-by-stx-tiff-1234572611/ |title=Kristen Bell & Kirby Howell-Baptiste Coupon Scam Comedy 'Queenpins' Snapped Up By STX – TIFF |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=September 8, 2020 |website=Deadline |access-date=September 8, 2020 |archive-date=September 12, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200912213149/https://deadline.com/2020/09/kristen-bell-kirby-howell-baptiste-coupon-scam-comedy-queenpins-snapped-up-by-stx-tiff-1234572611/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/queenpins-real-story-behind-kristen-123000051.html%7Ctitle='Queenpins': Here's the Real Story Behind Kristen Bell's Crime Comedy|author=Andi Ortiz|date=September 30, 2021|accessdate=November 28, 2021|work=[[Yahoo! Entertainment]]|publisher=Oath}}</ref> The film was released to [[Paramount+]] on September 10, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Queenpins Trailer: Breaking Bad for Coupon Moms |url=https://www.vulture.com/2021/07/queenpins-trailer-kristen-bell-kirby-howell-baptiste-star.html |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=Vulture}}</ref> |
|
| | |
|
| 2023-05-18T14:32:27Z |
Kenza Fourati |
diff |
| | | Line 24: | Line 24: | | |
|
| Fourati's mother, Dora Bouchoucha, is a film producer,<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Vs. (magazine)|VS]]|title="New Normal" feat. Kenza and Dora |date=2016|author=Allyson Shiffmann|url= https://vsmag.com/magazine/kenza-fourati-and-dora-bouchoucha/%7Caccess-date=2016-10-23%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607103257/http://vsmag.com/magazine/kenza-fourati-and-dora-bouchoucha/%7Carchive-date=2017-06-07%7Curl-status=dead}}</ref> and her father, Kamel Fourati, is a radiologist.<ref name="leaders.com.tn">Leaders, "Décès du Dr Mohamed Fourati, pionnier de la transplantation cardiaque en Tunisie", 27 February 2011.</ref> Her paternal grandfather, Mohamed Fourati,<ref>Kenza Fourati, "Happy birthday to my beloved grand father Professor Mohamed Fourati, father of the greatest revolution in heart surgery of all times: transplant. Thanks to his legacy, I am registered as a donor. And you?", Instagram, 19 January 2012.</ref> was a cardiologist and a pioneer of heart transplant surgery in Tunisia.<ref>Leaders, "Pr Mohamed Fourati : Pionnier de la chirurgie cardiaque tunisienne", 5 April 2011.</ref> Her paternal grandmother, Michèle Roly, is French<ref name="globalgrind.com">Cacy Forgenie, "Supermodel Kenza Fourati: “I Come From A Family Of Women, Women Are Very Powerful!", Global Grind, 10 August 2011.</ref> and a native of Lille.<ref name="leaders.com.tn"/> Fourati has a younger sister, Maleke, who is a PhD candidate in Development Economics at the [[UNSW Business School]], in Australia.<ref>UNSW Business School, "Maleke Fourati" {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170510162926/https://www.business.unsw.edu.au/our-people/maleke-fourati |date=2017-05-10 }}, 10 August 2011.</ref> | Fourati's mother, [[Dora Bouchoucha ]], is a film producer,<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Vs. (magazine)|VS]]|title="New Normal" feat. Kenza and Dora |date=2016|author=Allyson Shiffmann|url= https://vsmag.com/magazine/kenza-fourati-and-dora-bouchoucha/%7Caccess-date=2016-10-23%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607103257/http://vsmag.com/magazine/kenza-fourati-and-dora-bouchoucha/%7Carchive-date=2017-06-07%7Curl-status=dead}}</ref> and her father, Kamel Fourati, is a radiologist.<ref name="leaders.com.tn">Leaders, "Décès du Dr Mohamed Fourati, pionnier de la transplantation cardiaque en Tunisie", 27 February 2011.</ref> Her paternal grandfather, [[Mohamed Fourati ]],<ref>Kenza Fourati, "Happy birthday to my beloved grand father Professor Mohamed Fourati, father of the greatest revolution in heart surgery of all times: transplant. Thanks to his legacy, I am registered as a donor. And you?", Instagram, 19 January 2012.</ref> was a cardiologist and a pioneer of heart transplant surgery in Tunisia.<ref>Leaders, "Pr Mohamed Fourati : Pionnier de la chirurgie cardiaque tunisienne", 5 April 2011.</ref> Her paternal grandmother, Michèle Roly, is French<ref name="globalgrind.com">Cacy Forgenie, "Supermodel Kenza Fourati: “I Come From A Family Of Women, Women Are Very Powerful!", Global Grind, 10 August 2011.</ref> and a native of Lille.<ref name="leaders.com.tn"/> Fourati has a younger sister, Maleke, who is a PhD candidate in Development Economics at the [[UNSW Business School]], in Australia.<ref>UNSW Business School, "Maleke Fourati" {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170510162926/https://www.business.unsw.edu.au/our-people/maleke-fourati |date=2017-05-10 }}, 10 August 2011.</ref> |
|
| Fourati attended a French high school in Tunisia and began modelling after graduation. Shortly thereafter, she moved to [[Paris]], to study at the [[Paris-Sorbonne University]]. Fourati graduated with a Bachelor in Literature and Fine Arts in 2008. She then moved to London to study filmmaking at [[Kingston University]], London where she continued modelling<ref>Emily Parker, "Kenza Fourati" {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160826231010/http://www.tunisia-live.net/2011/08/20/kenza-fourati/ |date=2016-08-26 }}, "Tunisia Live", 20 August 2011.</ref><ref name="instagram.com">Kenza Fourati, loved working and studying in the UK. It felt back then like living in the most harmonious and vibrant melting pot of Europe. Disappointing day... #Brexit #ProudEuropean #EuropeanUnion", Instagram, 24 June 2016.</ref> Fourati graduated with a master's degree in Film/Cinema/Video Studies in 2010. Fourati has said that she has wanted to become a director since she was young.<ref name="youtube.com">Sports Illustrated Swimsuit, "Kenza Fourati, Sports Illustrated Swimsuit 2011", YouTube, 17 June 2011.</ref> She has been studying acting at the [[New York Film Academy]] since 2011. | Fourati attended a French high school in Tunisia and began modelling after graduation. Shortly thereafter, she moved to [[Paris]], to study at the [[Paris-Sorbonne University]]. Fourati graduated with a Bachelor in Literature and Fine Arts in 2008. She then moved to London to study filmmaking at [[Kingston University]], London where she continued modelling<ref>Emily Parker, "Kenza Fourati" {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160826231010/http://www.tunisia-live.net/2011/08/20/kenza-fourati/ |date=2016-08-26 }}, "Tunisia Live", 20 August 2011.</ref><ref name="instagram.com">Kenza Fourati, loved working and studying in the UK. It felt back then like living in the most harmonious and vibrant melting pot of Europe. Disappointing day... #Brexit #ProudEuropean #EuropeanUnion", Instagram, 24 June 2016.</ref> Fourati graduated with a master's degree in Film/Cinema/Video Studies in 2010. Fourati has said that she has wanted to become a director since she was young.<ref name="youtube.com">Sports Illustrated Swimsuit, "Kenza Fourati, Sports Illustrated Swimsuit 2011", YouTube, 17 June 2011.</ref> She has been studying acting at the [[New York Film Academy]] since 2011. | | Line 31: | Line 31: |
|
| ==Career and political activism== | ==Career and political activism== | In 2002, Fourati finished in third place in the [[Elite Model Look]] competition at the age of 15 and signed with [[Elite Model Management]]. She has appeared in numerous international magazines, such as Vogue Paris, Elle, Marie Claire, L'officiel Voyage, Grazia, and GQ. Fourati has walked the runway for major fashion houses, including Armani, Céline, Gianfranco Ferré, Jean Paul Gaultier, Stella McCartney, Tommy Hilfiger, Valentino and Vivienne Westwood. | In 2002, Fourati finished in third place in the [[Elite Model Look]] competition at the age of 15 and signed with [[Elite Model Management]]. She has appeared in numerous international magazines, such as Vogue Paris, Elle, [[Marie Claire]], L'officiel Voyage, [[Grazia]], and GQ. Fourati has walked the runway for major fashion houses, including [[Armani]], Céline, Gianfranco Ferré, Jean Paul Gaultier, Stella McCartney, [[Tommy Hilfiger (company)|Tommy Hilfiger]], [[Valentino (fashion house)|Valentino]] and Vivienne Westwood. |
|
| | |
|
| In recent years she has been involved in advocacy with the Model Mafia and Model Alliance. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-03 |title=How Kenza Fourati is Helping Put Tunisia's Emerging Labels on the Map |url= https://en.vogue.me/fashion/kenza-fourati-osay-simone-carrica/ |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=Vogue Arabia |language=en-GB}}</ref> | In recent years , she has been involved in advocacy with the Model Mafia and Model Alliance. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-03 |title=How Kenza Fourati is Helping Put Tunisia's Emerging Labels on the Map |url= https://en.vogue.me/fashion/kenza-fourati-osay-simone-carrica/ |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=Vogue Arabia |language=en-GB}}</ref> |
|
| In November 2013, Fourati launched her own women's fashion line in Tunis, Tunisia.<ref>Elisabeta Tudor, "Fashion Manifesto: Kenza Fourati’s Brand New Line" {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161026235542/http://arabia.style.com/fashion/news/tunisian-top-model-kenza-fourati-creates-fashion-line-by-kenz/ |date=2016-10-26 }}, Arabia Style, 20 November 2013.</ref> Her clothing line included a range of printed T-shirts; long, sheer dresses; and oversized, long-sleeved tops. The fashion line was designed in New York by Fourati who was assisted by a pattern-maker; and manufactured in her home country of Tunisia. The By Kenz blog<ref> By Kenz</ref> is no longer available and the Facebook Fanpage has not been updated since March, 2014.<ref>By Kenz, "BY KENZ", Facebook, 20 November 2013.</ref> She has since launched a shoe company, Osay, with Simone Carrica. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-03 |title=How Kenza Fourati is Helping Put Tunisia's Emerging Labels on the Map |url= https://en.vogue.me/fashion/kenza-fourati-osay-simone-carrica/ |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=Vogue Arabia |language=en-GB}}</ref> | In November 2013, Fourati launched her own women's fashion line in Tunis, Tunisia.<ref>Elisabeta Tudor, "Fashion Manifesto: Kenza Fourati’s Brand New Line" {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161026235542/http://arabia.style.com/fashion/news/tunisian-top-model-kenza-fourati-creates-fashion-line-by-kenz/ |date=2016-10-26 }}, Arabia Style, 20 November 2013.</ref> Her clothing line included a range of printed T-shirts; long, sheer dresses; and oversized, long-sleeved tops. The fashion line was designed in New York by Fourati who was assisted by a pattern-maker; and manufactured in her home country of Tunisia. The By Kenz blog<ref> By Kenz</ref> is no longer available and the Facebook Fanpage has not been updated since March, 2014.<ref>By Kenz, "BY KENZ", Facebook, 20 November 2013.</ref> She has since launched a shoe company, Osay, with Simone Carrica. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-03 |title=How Kenza Fourati is Helping Put Tunisia's Emerging Labels on the Map |url= https://en.vogue.me/fashion/kenza-fourati-osay-simone-carrica/ |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=Vogue Arabia |language=en-GB}}</ref> |
|
| 2023-05-18T14:20:38Z |
Dior |
diff |
| | | Line 164: | Line 164: | | | | | *[[Oh Se-hun]]: Face of Dior for Fashion (2021–present)<ref>{{cite web |date=9 December 2021 |title=Singer, actor and Dior Global Ambassador Sehun tuned in to discover DiorMenFall 2022 |url= https://twitter.com/Dior/status/1469034648126775307/ |access-date=9 December 2021 |website=Twitter.com}}</ref>{{better source|date=January 2023}} | | | | *[[Cha Eun-woo]]: Dior Beauty Global ambassador for Dior Capture Totale the new Serum (2023–present) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dior Official on Twitter: "Cutting a dashing figure in black, Dior Beauty ambassador Cha Eunwoo was the picture of elegance as he arrived at the #DiorSS23 by Maria Grazia Chiuri show on.dior.com/ss2023 in Paris earlier. #PFW"|url= https://twitter.com/dior/status/1574818645439643648 }}{{Cite web|title=Dior Beauty Official on Instagram: "The House of Dior is pleased to welcome @Eunwo.o_c as the first global ambassador for Dior Capture Totale the new Serum. #DiorBeauty #DiorSkincare #DiorCaptureTotale #CaptureIt"|url= https://www.instagram.com/p/CnZKR4vNoJq/%7Caccess-date=18 January 2023|website=Instagram}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Caldwell |first=Georgina |date=2023-01-23 |title=Dior names Cha Eun-woo as face of Capture Totale Serum |url= https://www.globalcosmeticsnews.com/dior-names-cha-eun-woo-as-face-of-capture-totale-serum/ |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=Global Cosmetics News |language=en-GB}}</ref> | *[[Cha Eun-woo]]: Dior Beauty Global ambassador for Dior Capture Totale the new Serum (2023–present) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dior Official on Twitter: "Cutting a dashing figure in black, Dior Beauty ambassador Cha Eunwoo was the picture of elegance as he arrived at the #DiorSS23 by Maria Grazia Chiuri show on.dior.com/ss2023 in Paris earlier. #PFW"|url= https://twitter.com/dior/status/1574818645439643648 }}{{Cite web|title=Dior Beauty Official on Instagram: "The House of Dior is pleased to welcome @Eunwo.o_c as the first global ambassador for Dior Capture Totale the new Serum. #DiorBeauty #DiorSkincare #DiorCaptureTotale #CaptureIt"|url= https://www.instagram.com/p/CnZKR4vNoJq/%7Caccess-date=18 January 2023|website=Instagram}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Caldwell |first=Georgina |date=2023-01-23 |title=Dior names Cha Eun-woo as face of Capture Totale Serum |url= https://www.globalcosmeticsnews.com/dior-names-cha-eun-woo-as-face-of-capture-totale-serum/ |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=Global Cosmetics News |language=en-GB}}</ref> |
|
| 2023-05-18T14:10:39Z |
Formula One |
diff |
| | | Line 40: | Line 40: | Formula One originated from the [[European Championship (auto racing)|European Motor Racing Championships]] of the 1920s and 1930s. The [[formula racing|formula]] consists of a set of rules that all participants' cars must follow. Formula One was a new formula agreed upon during 1946 with the first non-championship races taking place during that year. The first Formula One Grand Prix was the [[1946 Turin Grand Prix]]. A number of Grand Prix racing organisations had laid out rules for a motor racing world championship before [[World War II]], but due to the suspension of racing during the conflict, the World Drivers' Championship did not become formalised until 1947. | Formula One originated from the [[European Championship (auto racing)|European Motor Racing Championships]] of the 1920s and 1930s. The [[formula racing|formula]] consists of a set of rules that all participants' cars must follow. Formula One was a new formula agreed upon during 1946 with the first non-championship races taking place during that year. The first Formula One Grand Prix was the [[1946 Turin Grand Prix]]. A number of Grand Prix racing organisations had laid out rules for a motor racing world championship before [[World War II]], but due to the suspension of racing during the conflict, the World Drivers' Championship did not become formalised until 1947. |
|
| The first world championship race took place at [[Silverstone Circuit]] in the United Kingdom on 13 May 1950. [[Giuseppe Farina]], competing for [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]], won the first Drivers' World Championship, narrowly defeating his teammate [[Juan Manuel Fangio]]. Fangio went on to win the championship in {{F1|1951}}, {{F1|1954}}, {{F1|1955}}, {{F1|1956}}, and {{F1|1957}}.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=13 October 2003 |title=Michael Schumacher surclasse ses rivaux et dépasse Juan Manuel Fangio |url= https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/2003/10/13/michael-schumacher-surclasse-ses-rivaux-et-depasse-juan-manuel-fangio_337886_1819218.html |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=Le Monde}}</ref> This set the record for the most World Championships won by a single driver, a record that stood for 46 years until [[Michael Schumacher]] won his sixth championship in 2003.<ref name=":1" /> | |
|
| [[File:Alfa-Romeo-159-(1951).jpg|thumb|right|[[Juan Manuel Fangio]]'s {{F1|1951}} title-winning [[Alfa Romeo 158/159 Alfetta|Alfa Romeo 159]]]] | [[File:Alfa-Romeo-159-(1951).jpg|thumb|right|[[Juan Manuel Fangio]]'s {{F1|1951}} title-winning [[Alfa Romeo 158/159 Alfetta|Alfa Romeo 159]]]] |
|
| 2023-05-18T14:01:43Z |
Formula One |
diff |
| | | Line 40: | Line 40: | Formula One originated from the [[European Championship (auto racing)|European Motor Racing Championships]] of the 1920s and 1930s. The [[formula racing|formula]] consists of a set of rules that all participants' cars must follow. Formula One was a new formula agreed upon during 1946 with the first non-championship races taking place during that year. The first Formula One Grand Prix was the [[1946 Turin Grand Prix]]. A number of Grand Prix racing organisations had laid out rules for a motor racing world championship before [[World War II]], but due to the suspension of racing during the conflict, the World Drivers' Championship did not become formalised until 1947. | Formula One originated from the [[European Championship (auto racing)|European Motor Racing Championships]] of the 1920s and 1930s. The [[formula racing|formula]] consists of a set of rules that all participants' cars must follow. Formula One was a new formula agreed upon during 1946 with the first non-championship races taking place during that year. The first Formula One Grand Prix was the [[1946 Turin Grand Prix]]. A number of Grand Prix racing organisations had laid out rules for a motor racing world championship before [[World War II]], but due to the suspension of racing during the conflict, the World Drivers' Championship did not become formalised until 1947. |
|
| The first world championship race took place at [[Silverstone Circuit]] in the United Kingdom on 13 May 1950. [[Giuseppe Farina]], competing for [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]], won the first Drivers' World Championship, narrowly defeating his teammate [[Juan Manuel Fangio]]. Fangio went on to win the championship in {{F1|1951}}, {{F1|1954}}, {{F1|1955}}, {{F1|1956}}, and {{F1|1957}}. This set the record for the most World Championships won by a single driver, a record that stood for 46 years until [[Michael Schumacher]] won his sixth championship in 2003. | The first world championship race took place at [[Silverstone Circuit]] in the United Kingdom on 13 May 1950. [[Giuseppe Farina]], competing for [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]], won the first Drivers' World Championship, narrowly defeating his teammate [[Juan Manuel Fangio]]. Fangio went on to win the championship in {{F1|1951}}, {{F1|1954}}, {{F1|1955}}, {{F1|1956}}, and {{F1|1957}}. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=13 October 2003 |title=Michael Schumacher surclasse ses rivaux et dépasse Juan Manuel Fangio |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/2003/10/13/michael-schumacher-surclasse-ses-rivaux-et-depasse-juan-manuel-fangio_337886_1819218.html |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=Le Monde}}</ref> This set the record for the most World Championships won by a single driver, a record that stood for 46 years until [[Michael Schumacher]] won his sixth championship in 2003. <ref name=":1" /> |
|
| [[File:Alfa-Romeo-159-(1951).jpg|thumb|right|[[Juan Manuel Fangio]]'s {{F1|1951}} title-winning [[Alfa Romeo 158/159 Alfetta|Alfa Romeo 159]]]] | [[File:Alfa-Romeo-159-(1951).jpg|thumb|right|[[Juan Manuel Fangio]]'s {{F1|1951}} title-winning [[Alfa Romeo 158/159 Alfetta|Alfa Romeo 159]]]] |
|
| 2023-05-12T16:02:22Z |
Donatella Versace |
diff |
| | | Line 106: | Line 106: | | |
|
| In 2022, Versace took part in an onstage skit alongside musicians [[Dua Lipa]] and [[Megan Thee Stallion]] at the [[64th Annual Grammy Awards]]. Dua and Megan came to the stage in matching black floor-length gowns before Versace joined them on the stage and unclipped a part of each dress to reveal different looks.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Vanderhoof |first1=Erin |title=Megan Thee Stallion and Dua Lipa Invite Donatella Versace on the Grammys 2022 Stage for a Throwback Moment |url= https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2022/04/grammys-megan-thee-stallion-dua-lipa-donatella-versace |magazine=Vanity Fair|date=4 April 2022 }}</ref> The moment was a tribute to a skit between [[Mariah Carey]] and [[Whitney Houston]] at the [[1998 MTV Video Music Awards|1998 VMAs]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jackson |first1=Clementina |title=Dua Lipa Wears Iconic Versace Dress And Re-Enacts Nineties VMAs Skit At The 2022 Grammys |url= https://www.elle.com/uk/fashion/a39624294/versace-dua-lipa-grammys/ |website=ELLE|date=4 April 2022 }}</ref> Also in 2022 Donatella's team also assisted with making Cardi b's shiny gold chain outfit for the Met Gala. This dress took around 20 people to make and each chain being hand embroidered. | In 2022, Versace took part in an onstage skit alongside musicians [[Dua Lipa]] and [[Megan Thee Stallion]] at the [[64th Annual Grammy Awards]]. Dua and Megan came to the stage in matching black floor-length gowns before Versace joined them on the stage and unclipped a part of each dress to reveal different looks.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Vanderhoof |first1=Erin |title=Megan Thee Stallion and Dua Lipa Invite Donatella Versace on the Grammys 2022 Stage for a Throwback Moment |url= https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2022/04/grammys-megan-thee-stallion-dua-lipa-donatella-versace |magazine=Vanity Fair|date=4 April 2022 }}</ref> The moment was a tribute to a skit between [[Mariah Carey]] and [[Whitney Houston]] at the [[1998 MTV Video Music Awards|1998 VMAs]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jackson |first1=Clementina |title=Dua Lipa Wears Iconic Versace Dress And Re-Enacts Nineties VMAs Skit At The 2022 Grammys |url= https://www.elle.com/uk/fashion/a39624294/versace-dua-lipa-grammys/ |website=ELLE|date=4 April 2022 }}</ref> Also in 2022 , Donatella's team also assisted with making Cardi B's shiny gold chain outfit for the Met Gala. This dress took around 20 people to make and each chain being hand embroidered. | |
| | |
|
| ==Notes== | ==Notes== |
|
| 2023-05-12T15:40:45Z |
Katy Perry |
diff |
| | | Line 157: | Line 157: | Along with [[Thomas Rhett]], Perry recorded a country pop duet titled "Where We Started" for his [[Where We Started|album of the same name]] that was released three months later.<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.soundslikenashville.com/news/thomas-rhett-talks-creating-where-we-started-and-beating-writers-block/ | title= Thomas Rhett talks creating 'Where We Started' and beating writer's block |first= Grace Lenehan |last=Vaughn | publisher=Sounds Like Nashville | date=April 4, 2022 | access-date=April 15, 2022}}</ref> That May, it was announced Perry would create music for the soundtrack to Jeremy Zag's animated musical film Melody and voice its title character.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://deadline.com/2022/05/katy-perry-jeremy-zag-melody-animated-musical-cannes-cross-creek-zag-studios-1235020233/amp/%7Cfirst=Mike Jr.|last=Fleming|title=Hot Cannes Package: Katy Perry Stars In Jeremy Zag-directed Animated Musical 'Melody'; Cross Creek & Zag Studios Producing|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 10, 2022|access-date=May 10, 2022}}</ref> She also became the new face for [[Just Eat]]'s, [[SkipTheDishes]]'s, [[Lieferando]]'s, and [[Menulog]]'s advertisements and created a new remix of their jingle.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Brittaney|last=Kiefer|title=Katy Perry's Playful Remix Helps Just Eat Take Its Food Delivery Global|url= https://www.adweek.com/creativity/katy-perrys-playful-remix-helps-just-eat-take-its-food-delivery-global/%7Cmagazine=Adweek%7Cdate=May 17, 2022|access-date=May 17, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Regan|first=Ashley|title=Superstar Katy Perry teams up with Menulog in new music video|url= https://www.adnews.com.au/news/superstar-katy-perry-teams-up-with-menulog-in-new-music-video%7Cmagazine=AdNews%7Cdate=May 18, 2022|access-date=May 18, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Crann|first=Justin|title=SkipTheDishes' new campaign pops with Katy Perry|url= https://strategyonline.ca/2022/06/09/skips-new-campaign-pops-with-katy-perry/%7Cdate=June 9, 2022|magazine=[[Strategy (magazine)|Strategy]]|access-date=May 7, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Behn|first=Hanna|title=Kampagne für Lieferando: Katy Perry singt Witze übers Essen|url= https://www.onlinehaendler-news.de/e-commerce-trends/marketing/136425-kampagne-lieferando-katy-perry-essen%7Cdate=May 20, 2022|publisher=Onlinehändler News|access-date=May 7, 2023|language=de}}</ref> On June 8, 2022, Perry was awarded with the Key to [[Las Vegas]], the same day it was marked as Katy Perry day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katy Perry awarded "Key to Las Vegas"|url= https://www.8newsnow.com/video/katy-perry-awarded-key-to-las-vegas/7745999/%7Cdate=June 8, 2022|access-date=June 9, 2022|agency=[[KLAS-TV]]}}</ref> | Along with [[Thomas Rhett]], Perry recorded a country pop duet titled "Where We Started" for his [[Where We Started|album of the same name]] that was released three months later.<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.soundslikenashville.com/news/thomas-rhett-talks-creating-where-we-started-and-beating-writers-block/ | title= Thomas Rhett talks creating 'Where We Started' and beating writer's block |first= Grace Lenehan |last=Vaughn | publisher=Sounds Like Nashville | date=April 4, 2022 | access-date=April 15, 2022}}</ref> That May, it was announced Perry would create music for the soundtrack to Jeremy Zag's animated musical film Melody and voice its title character.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://deadline.com/2022/05/katy-perry-jeremy-zag-melody-animated-musical-cannes-cross-creek-zag-studios-1235020233/amp/%7Cfirst=Mike Jr.|last=Fleming|title=Hot Cannes Package: Katy Perry Stars In Jeremy Zag-directed Animated Musical 'Melody'; Cross Creek & Zag Studios Producing|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 10, 2022|access-date=May 10, 2022}}</ref> She also became the new face for [[Just Eat]]'s, [[SkipTheDishes]]'s, [[Lieferando]]'s, and [[Menulog]]'s advertisements and created a new remix of their jingle.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Brittaney|last=Kiefer|title=Katy Perry's Playful Remix Helps Just Eat Take Its Food Delivery Global|url= https://www.adweek.com/creativity/katy-perrys-playful-remix-helps-just-eat-take-its-food-delivery-global/%7Cmagazine=Adweek%7Cdate=May 17, 2022|access-date=May 17, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Regan|first=Ashley|title=Superstar Katy Perry teams up with Menulog in new music video|url= https://www.adnews.com.au/news/superstar-katy-perry-teams-up-with-menulog-in-new-music-video%7Cmagazine=AdNews%7Cdate=May 18, 2022|access-date=May 18, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Crann|first=Justin|title=SkipTheDishes' new campaign pops with Katy Perry|url= https://strategyonline.ca/2022/06/09/skips-new-campaign-pops-with-katy-perry/%7Cdate=June 9, 2022|magazine=[[Strategy (magazine)|Strategy]]|access-date=May 7, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Behn|first=Hanna|title=Kampagne für Lieferando: Katy Perry singt Witze übers Essen|url= https://www.onlinehaendler-news.de/e-commerce-trends/marketing/136425-kampagne-lieferando-katy-perry-essen%7Cdate=May 20, 2022|publisher=Onlinehändler News|access-date=May 7, 2023|language=de}}</ref> On June 8, 2022, Perry was awarded with the Key to [[Las Vegas]], the same day it was marked as Katy Perry day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katy Perry awarded "Key to Las Vegas"|url= https://www.8newsnow.com/video/katy-perry-awarded-key-to-las-vegas/7745999/%7Cdate=June 8, 2022|access-date=June 9, 2022|agency=[[KLAS-TV]]}}</ref> |
|
| Perry collaborated with the tech company [[Apple Inc.]] starring in advertisements for their [[GarageBand]] music software where users could have "Remix Sessions" featuring her song, "Harleys in Hawaii". On the collab, Perry stated: "'Harleys in Hawaii' has lived so many different lives [...] There is so much opportunity to remix this song, and I can't wait to hear all the GarageBand evolutions with this Apple collab."<ref>{{Cite news |title=GarageBand drops new in-app Remix Sessions featuring Katy Perry and SEVENTEEN |url= https://www.apple.com/au/newsroom/2022/08/garageband-drops-new-in-app-remix-sessions-featuring-katy-perry-and-seventeen/%7Cdate= |access-date=October 3, 2022|agency=Apple Newsroom}}</ref> Perry performed at the [[Coronation of Charles III| Coronation Concert]] of [[Charles III]] in May 2023.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sinha|first=Charu|url= https://www.vulture.com/2023/05/katy-perry-performs-roar-during-coronation-concert.html |title=Katy Perry 'Roar's at the British Public During Coronation Concert |website=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]] |date=May 7, 2023|access-date=May 9, 2023}}</ref> | |
|
| ==Artistry== | ==Artistry== |
|
| 2023-05-12T15:30:28Z |
Gianni Versace |
diff |
| | | Line 105: | Line 105: | == Awards and tributes == | == Awards and tributes == | {{more citations needed|section|date=July 2020}} | {{more citations needed|section|date=July 2020}} | | | * President of the Italian Republic [[Francesco Cossiga]] conferred the decoration of [[Italian orders of merit|Commendatore della Repubblica Italiana]] on him on 24 January 1986. | * President of the Italian Republic [[Francesco Cossiga]] conferred the decoration of [[Italian orders of merit|Commendatore della Repubblica Italiana]] on him on 24 January 1986. | * Elton John dedicated his 1997 album [[The Big Picture (Elton John album)|The Big Picture]] to Versace. | * Elton John dedicated his 1997 album [[The Big Picture (Elton John album)|The Big Picture]] to Versace. |
|
| 2023-05-12T15:17:19Z |
Gianni Versace |
diff |
| | | Line 105: | Line 105: | == Awards and tributes == | == Awards and tributes == | {{more citations needed|section|date=July 2020}} | {{more citations needed|section|date=July 2020}} | * Versace was awarded the American Fashion Oscar on 1 February 1993. | | * President of the Italian Republic [[Francesco Cossiga]] conferred the decoration of [[Italian orders of merit|Commendatore della Repubblica Italiana]] on him on 24 January 1986. | * President of the Italian Republic [[Francesco Cossiga]] conferred the decoration of [[Italian orders of merit|Commendatore della Repubblica Italiana]] on him on 24 January 1986. | * Elton John dedicated his 1997 album [[The Big Picture (Elton John album)|The Big Picture]] to Versace. | * Elton John dedicated his 1997 album [[The Big Picture (Elton John album)|The Big Picture]] to Versace. |
|
| 2023-05-12T15:10:25Z |
Lanvin |
diff |
| | | Line 83: | Line 83: | * 1993–1995, Loïc Armand, chairperson | * 1993–1995, Loïc Armand, chairperson | * 1995–2001, Gérald Asaria, chairperson | * 1995–2001, Gérald Asaria, chairperson | * 2001–2004, Jacques Lévy, director general | | | | * 2021–today, Siddhartha Shukla, CEO | |
|
| ==Designers == | ==Designers == |
|
| 2023-05-12T14:59:07Z |
Carolina Herrera |
diff |
| | | Line 54: | Line 54: | | |
|
| In 2018, Herrera showed her last line for her eponymous brand and handed creative directorship of the brand over to [[Wes Gordon]]. | |
|
| ===Awards and achievements=== | ===Awards and achievements=== |
|
| 2023-05-12T14:51:04Z |
Royal Canin |
diff |
| | | Line 22: | Line 22: |
|
| == History == | == History == | |
| | === Early history === | The company was established by the French veterinary surgeon Jean Cathary in 1968.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2019 |title=Gard : Jean Cathary, le génie inventif du fondateur de Royal Canin |url= https://www.midilibre.fr/2018/10/29/gard-jean-cathary-le-genie-inventif-du-fondateur-de-royal-canin,4748628.php |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=Midi Libre}}</ref> He had a veterinary practice in a village in the [[Gard]] region of France and was concerned many people's pets were being presented with a variety of health problems, especially skin and coat conditions. Convinced the cause was dietary, Cathary devised a cereal–based recipe, which he prepared in an oven in his garage.{{sfn|Company Histories}}{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=25}} | The company was established by the French veterinary surgeon Jean Cathary in 1968.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2019 |title=Gard : Jean Cathary, le génie inventif du fondateur de Royal Canin |url= https://www.midilibre.fr/2018/10/29/gard-jean-cathary-le-genie-inventif-du-fondateur-de-royal-canin,4748628.php |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=Midi Libre}}</ref> He had a veterinary practice in a village in the [[Gard]] region of France and was concerned many people's pets were being presented with a variety of health problems, especially skin and coat conditions. Convinced the cause was dietary, Cathary devised a cereal–based recipe, which he prepared in an oven in his garage.{{sfn|Company Histories}}{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=25}} |
|
| | Line 32: | Line 34: | The Guyomarc'h group of companies was purchased by the [[BNP Paribas|Paribas Bank]] in 1990.{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=27}} Royal Canin recorded a loss in 1993; the following year the Guyomarc'h group was divided into four separate businesses, one of which remained as Royal Canin. In 1944, a new CEO was appointed and focused on 3 pillars: dry food, health through nutrition and dog-handling expertise.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=26 November 2018 |title=Royal Canin, 50 ans et toujours innovant |url= https://www.capital.fr/votre-carriere/royal-canin-50-ans-et-toujours-innovant-1317304 |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=Capital}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 1994 |title=Royal Canin a retrouvé la forme |url= https://www.lesechos.fr/1994/07/royal-canin-a-retrouve-la-forme-886070 |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=Les Echos}}</ref> The bank wished to sell Royal Canin but its chairman managed to persuade it to list it on the Paris stock exchange instead, which took place in 1997.{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=28}} Forty–three percent of the company was floated on the stock market and it raised the company's valuation to four and half billion [[French franc|francs]]. The additional revenue raised provided the funding to buy Crown Pet Foods in 1999 and the James Wellbeloved brand in 2000.{{sfn|Company Histories}}{{sfn|This is Dorset|2009}}{{sfn|Crown Pet Foods}} | The Guyomarc'h group of companies was purchased by the [[BNP Paribas|Paribas Bank]] in 1990.{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=27}} Royal Canin recorded a loss in 1993; the following year the Guyomarc'h group was divided into four separate businesses, one of which remained as Royal Canin. In 1944, a new CEO was appointed and focused on 3 pillars: dry food, health through nutrition and dog-handling expertise.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=26 November 2018 |title=Royal Canin, 50 ans et toujours innovant |url= https://www.capital.fr/votre-carriere/royal-canin-50-ans-et-toujours-innovant-1317304 |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=Capital}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 1994 |title=Royal Canin a retrouvé la forme |url= https://www.lesechos.fr/1994/07/royal-canin-a-retrouve-la-forme-886070 |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=Les Echos}}</ref> The bank wished to sell Royal Canin but its chairman managed to persuade it to list it on the Paris stock exchange instead, which took place in 1997.{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=28}} Forty–three percent of the company was floated on the stock market and it raised the company's valuation to four and half billion [[French franc|francs]]. The additional revenue raised provided the funding to buy Crown Pet Foods in 1999 and the James Wellbeloved brand in 2000.{{sfn|Company Histories}}{{sfn|This is Dorset|2009}}{{sfn|Crown Pet Foods}} |
|
| | | |
| | === Recent history === | The bank sold its holding in the company to [[Mars, Incorporated]] in July 2002 for in excess of one and a half billion [[euro]]s. The majority of this payment, almost ninety–three percent, was for "goodwill". The [[European Commission]] only agreed to the takeover by Mars if Royal Canin disposed of some assets to Agrolimen, a Spanish company.{{sfn|Pierce|Hoovers}}{{sfn|Just-food.com|2002}} Royal Canin was removed from the stock exchange listing after the take over by Mars.{{sfn|Meller|2002}} | The bank sold its holding in the company to [[Mars, Incorporated]] in July 2002 for in excess of one and a half billion [[euro]]s. The majority of this payment, almost ninety–three percent, was for "goodwill". The [[European Commission]] only agreed to the takeover by Mars if Royal Canin disposed of some assets to Agrolimen, a Spanish company.{{sfn|Pierce|Hoovers}}{{sfn|Just-food.com|2002}} Royal Canin was removed from the stock exchange listing after the take over by Mars.{{sfn|Meller|2002}} | |
| | In 2002, Mars acquired 40% of Royal Canin's stakes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 2007 |title=Кормовое предупреждение |url= https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/786638 |access-date=12 May 2023 |website=Kommersant}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=27 June 2018 |title=Royal Canin, la sucess story française du groupe Mars |url= https://www.lesechos.fr/2018/06/royal-canin-la-sucess-story-francaise-du-groupe-mars-997526 |access-date=12 May 2023 |website=Les Echos}}</ref> According to the economic daily newspaper Les Echos, it was a marriage between a French SME, European leader, with a powerful global distribution network.<ref name=":1" /> |
|
| In March 2004, Royal Canin acquired the US and Canadian veterinary-grade food brands IVD, Medi–Cal and Techni–Cal from Del Monte Foods for $82.5 million.{{sfn|New York Times|2004}} | In March 2004, Royal Canin acquired the US and Canadian veterinary-grade food brands IVD, Medi–Cal and Techni–Cal from Del Monte Foods for $82.5 million.{{sfn|New York Times|2004}} |
|
| 2023-04-26T11:01:20Z |
Royal Canin |
diff |
| | | Line 19: | Line 19: | Royal Canin is a French manufacturer of cat and dog food. A subsidiary of [[Mars, Incorporated]], the company also undertakes research into the formulation and testing of breed and symptom specific nutritional requirements of dogs and cats. | Royal Canin is a French manufacturer of cat and dog food. A subsidiary of [[Mars, Incorporated]], the company also undertakes research into the formulation and testing of breed and symptom specific nutritional requirements of dogs and cats. |
|
| The company was established by French [[Veterinary surgery|veterinary surgeon]] Jean Cathary, after he successfully treated a number of skin and coat conditions in pets by feeding them a cereal-based diet he prepared in his garage. After importing an [[Food extrusion|extruder]] from the United States, the company was the first to manufacture dry pet food in France. Aimed primarily at breeders, production steadily increased and distribution extended further into the European market. Royal Canin was sold to the Guyomarc'h Group in 1972, and underwent a further period of expansion, especially in the area of research and development, before being purchased by the [[BNP Paribas|Paribas Bank]] in 1990. The company was floated on the French stock exchange but removed later after it was sold to Mars, Incorporated in 2001. | The company was established by French [[Veterinary surgery|veterinary surgeon]] Jean Cathary, after he successfully treated a number of skin and coat conditions in pets by feeding them a cereal-based diet he prepared in his garage. After importing an [[Food extrusion|extruder]] from the United States, the company was the first to manufacture dry pet food in France. Aimed primarily at breeders, production steadily increased and distribution extended further into the European market. Royal Canin was sold to the Guyomarc'h Group in 1972, and underwent a further period of expansion, especially in the area of research and development, before being purchased by the [[BNP Paribas|Paribas Bank]] in 1990. The company was floated on the French stock exchange but removed later after it was sold to Mars, Incorporated in 2002<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mars Petcare’s Manufacturing Facility Expansion, Arkansas |url=https://www.foodprocessing-technology.com/projects/mars-petcares-manufacturing-facility-expansion-arkansas |access-date=26 April 2023 |website=Food Processing Technology}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2002 |title=Bruxelles autorise le rachat de Royal Canin par Mars |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/2002/02/bruxelles-autorise-le-rachat-de-royal-canin-par-mars-685187 |access-date=26 April 2023 |website=Les Echos}}</ref>. |
|
| == History == | == History == | | Line 32: | Line 32: | The Guyomarc'h group of companies was purchased by the [[BNP Paribas|Paribas Bank]] in 1990.{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=27}} Royal Canin recorded a loss in 1993; the following year the Guyomarc'h group was divided into four separate businesses, one of which remained as Royal Canin. In 1944, a new CEO was appointed and focused on 3 pillars: dry food, health through nutrition and dog-handling expertise.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=26 November 2018 |title=Royal Canin, 50 ans et toujours innovant |url= https://www.capital.fr/votre-carriere/royal-canin-50-ans-et-toujours-innovant-1317304 |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=Capital}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 1994 |title=Royal Canin a retrouvé la forme |url= https://www.lesechos.fr/1994/07/royal-canin-a-retrouve-la-forme-886070 |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=Les Echos}}</ref> The bank wished to sell Royal Canin but its chairman managed to persuade it to list it on the Paris stock exchange instead, which took place in 1997.{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=28}} Forty–three percent of the company was floated on the stock market and it raised the company's valuation to four and half billion [[French franc|francs]]. The additional revenue raised provided the funding to buy Crown Pet Foods in 1999 and the James Wellbeloved brand in 2000.{{sfn|Company Histories}}{{sfn|This is Dorset|2009}}{{sfn|Crown Pet Foods}} | The Guyomarc'h group of companies was purchased by the [[BNP Paribas|Paribas Bank]] in 1990.{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=27}} Royal Canin recorded a loss in 1993; the following year the Guyomarc'h group was divided into four separate businesses, one of which remained as Royal Canin. In 1944, a new CEO was appointed and focused on 3 pillars: dry food, health through nutrition and dog-handling expertise.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=26 November 2018 |title=Royal Canin, 50 ans et toujours innovant |url= https://www.capital.fr/votre-carriere/royal-canin-50-ans-et-toujours-innovant-1317304 |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=Capital}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 1994 |title=Royal Canin a retrouvé la forme |url= https://www.lesechos.fr/1994/07/royal-canin-a-retrouve-la-forme-886070 |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=Les Echos}}</ref> The bank wished to sell Royal Canin but its chairman managed to persuade it to list it on the Paris stock exchange instead, which took place in 1997.{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=28}} Forty–three percent of the company was floated on the stock market and it raised the company's valuation to four and half billion [[French franc|francs]]. The additional revenue raised provided the funding to buy Crown Pet Foods in 1999 and the James Wellbeloved brand in 2000.{{sfn|Company Histories}}{{sfn|This is Dorset|2009}}{{sfn|Crown Pet Foods}} |
|
| The bank sold its holding in the company to [[Mars, Incorporated]] in July 2001 for in excess of one and a half billion [[euro]]s. The majority of this payment, almost ninety–three percent, was for "goodwill". The [[European Commission]] only agreed to the takeover by Mars if Royal Canin disposed of some assets to Agrolimen, a Spanish company.{{sfn|Pierce|Hoovers}}{{sfn|Just-food.com|2002}} Royal Canin was removed from the stock exchange listing after the take over by Mars.{{sfn|Meller|2002}} | The bank sold its holding in the company to [[Mars, Incorporated]] in July 2002 for in excess of one and a half billion [[euro]]s. The majority of this payment, almost ninety–three percent, was for "goodwill". The [[European Commission]] only agreed to the takeover by Mars if Royal Canin disposed of some assets to Agrolimen, a Spanish company.{{sfn|Pierce|Hoovers}}{{sfn|Just-food.com|2002}} Royal Canin was removed from the stock exchange listing after the take over by Mars.{{sfn|Meller|2002}} |
|
| In March 2004, Royal Canin acquired the US and Canadian veterinary-grade food brands IVD, Medi–Cal and Techni–Cal from Del Monte Foods for $82.5 million.{{sfn|New York Times|2004}} | In March 2004, Royal Canin acquired the US and Canadian veterinary-grade food brands IVD, Medi–Cal and Techni–Cal from Del Monte Foods for $82.5 million.{{sfn|New York Times|2004}} | | Line 43: | Line 43: |
|
| | | |
| | |
|
| == Products and services == | == Products and services == |
|
| 2023-04-25T15:01:46Z |
SZA |
diff |
| | | Line 91: | Line 91: | On June 9, 2022, SZA released a deluxe version of her debut studio album [[Ctrl (SZA album)|Ctrl]] to commemorate its 5-year anniversary. It featured 7 previously unreleased songs, such as "2AM", "Jodie", "Percolator", and an alternative version of "[[Love Galore]]" without [[Travis Scott]]. | On June 9, 2022, SZA released a deluxe version of her debut studio album [[Ctrl (SZA album)|Ctrl]] to commemorate its 5-year anniversary. It featured 7 previously unreleased songs, such as "2AM", "Jodie", "Percolator", and an alternative version of "[[Love Galore]]" without [[Travis Scott]]. |
|
| On October 28, 2022, a new single called "[[Shirt (song)|Shirt]]" has been released, alongside its music video starring actor [[LaKeith Stanfield]]. The song was originally teased by SZA in late 2020 and after it gained popularity on TikTok because of a viral challenge, a snippet appeared as an outro at the end of the official music video of "Good Days".<ref>{{cite magazine|url= https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/sza-shirt-video-1235162549/%7Cmagazine=Billboard%7Clast=Lamarre%7Cfirst=Carl%7Cdate=October 28, 2022|access-date=October 28, 2022|title=SZA Teams Up With Lakeith Standfield For New Video 'Shirt': Watch}}</ref> SZA teased another snippet of a song at the end of her new song's music video which she revealed to be called "[[Blind (SZA song)|Blind]]".<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 28, 2022 |title=SZA Teases a New Song at the End of Her 'Shirt' Music Video |url= https://www.elle.com/culture/music/a41802342/sza-shirt-video-new-song/ |access-date=November 5, 2022 |website=ELLE |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2022/10/28/fans-think-sza-will-drop-new-album-in-2022-as-they-decode-hints-in-shirt-mv/%7Ctitle=Fans think SZA will drop new album in 2022 as they decode hints in Shirt MV|last=Krishnamurthy|first=Chaitra|website=HITC|date=October 28, 2022|access-date=October 28, 2022}}</ref> | On October 28, 2022, a new single called "[[Shirt (song)|Shirt]]" has been released, alongside its music video starring actor [[LaKeith Stanfield]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2022 |title=SZA Teases a New Song at the End of Her ‘Shirt’ Music Video |url=https://www.elle.com/culture/music/a41802342/sza-shirt-video-new-song/ |access-date=25 April 2023 |website=ELLE}}</ref> The song was originally teased by SZA in late -2020 and after it gained popularity on TikTok because of a viral challenge, a snippet appeared as an outro at the end of the official music video of "Good Days".<ref>{{cite magazine|url= https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/sza-shirt-video-1235162549/%7Cmagazine=Billboard%7Clast=Lamarre%7Cfirst=Carl%7Cdate=October 28, 2022|access-date=October 28, 2022|title=SZA Teams Up With Lakeith Standfield For New Video 'Shirt': Watch}}</ref> SZA teased another snippet of a song at the end of her new song's music video which she revealed to be called "[[Blind (SZA song)|Blind]]".<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 28, 2022 |title=SZA Teases a New Song at the End of Her 'Shirt' Music Video |url= https://www.elle.com/culture/music/a41802342/sza-shirt-video-new-song/ |access-date=November 5, 2022 |website=ELLE |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2022/10/28/fans-think-sza-will-drop-new-album-in-2022-as-they-decode-hints-in-shirt-mv/%7Ctitle=Fans think SZA will drop new album in 2022 as they decode hints in Shirt MV|last=Krishnamurthy|first=Chaitra|website=HITC|date=October 28, 2022|access-date=October 28, 2022}}</ref> |
|
| On her 33rd birthday on November 8, 2022, SZA released a teaser titled "[[PSA (song)|PSA]]" on her Instagram. The video ends with a morse code for "S.O.S.", sparking speculations about an upcoming project.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.stereogum.com/2205501/sza-teases-new-music-with-psa-video-s-o-s-clues/music/%7Ctitle=SZA Teases New Music With "PSA" Video, "S.O.S." Clues|last=Brodsky|first=Rachel|website=[[Stereogum]]|date=November 8, 2022|access-date=November 9, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url= https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/sza-teases-psa-video-1234627272/%7Ctitle=SZA Teases Cryptic 'PSA' Project in New Video|last=Mier|first=Tomás|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=November 8, 2022|access-date=November 9, 2022}}</ref> On November 16, 2022, [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] officially confirmed that her second studio album is titled [[SOS (SZA album)|SOS]] and was set for a December release date.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Mamo |first=Heran |date=November 16, 2022 |title=SZA Is Finally Ready to Release That Album (Yes, Really!) |url= https://www.billboard.com/music/features/sza-sos-new-album-2022-interview-1235171300/ |access-date=November 16, 2022 |magazine=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref> On November 30, 2022, SZA posted the cover of her upcoming album SOS to her Instagram account.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SZA on Instagram |url= https://www.instagram.com/p/ClmWr_2vBW5/ |access-date=December 1, 2022 |website=Instagram |language=en}}</ref> After performing "Shirt" and "Blind" on [[NBC]]'s [[Saturday Night Live]], SZA announced that the album would be released on December 9, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title= SZA announces on "Saturday Night Live," that her "S.O.S." album will be released on December 9 |url= https://hip-hopvibe.com/news/sza-announces-on-saturday-night-live-that-her-s-o-s-album-will-be-released-on-december-9/ |access-date=December 4, 2022 |website=Hip-Hop Vibe |date= December 4, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The album has spent its first seven weeks atop the Billboard 200 Albums Chart in the United States, becoming the longest-running number-one female album of the decade and the first R&B album to spend its first seven weeks atop the chart since [[Whitney Houston]]'s [[Whitney (album)|Whitney]] (1987).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Danyel |date=2023-02-08 |title=SZA's Ruination Brought Her Everything |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/08/magazine/sza.html |access-date=2023-02-09 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 8, 2023 |archive-url= https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20230208104254/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/08/magazine/sza.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | On her 33rd birthday on November 8, 2022, SZA released a teaser titled "[[PSA (song)|PSA]]" on her Instagram. The video ends with a morse code for "S.O.S.", sparking speculations about an upcoming project.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.stereogum.com/2205501/sza-teases-new-music-with-psa-video-s-o-s-clues/music/%7Ctitle=SZA Teases New Music With "PSA" Video, "S.O.S." Clues|last=Brodsky|first=Rachel|website=[[Stereogum]]|date=November 8, 2022|access-date=November 9, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url= https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/sza-teases-psa-video-1234627272/%7Ctitle=SZA Teases Cryptic 'PSA' Project in New Video|last=Mier|first=Tomás|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=November 8, 2022|access-date=November 9, 2022}}</ref> On November 16, 2022, [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] officially confirmed that her second studio album is titled [[SOS (SZA album)|SOS]] and was set for a December release date.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Mamo |first=Heran |date=November 16, 2022 |title=SZA Is Finally Ready to Release That Album (Yes, Really!) |url= https://www.billboard.com/music/features/sza-sos-new-album-2022-interview-1235171300/ |access-date=November 16, 2022 |magazine=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref> On November 30, 2022, SZA posted the cover of her upcoming album SOS to her Instagram account.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SZA on Instagram |url= https://www.instagram.com/p/ClmWr_2vBW5/ |access-date=December 1, 2022 |website=Instagram |language=en}}</ref> After performing "Shirt" and "Blind" on [[NBC]]'s [[Saturday Night Live]], SZA announced that the album would be released on December 9, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title= SZA announces on "Saturday Night Live," that her "S.O.S." album will be released on December 9 |url= https://hip-hopvibe.com/news/sza-announces-on-saturday-night-live-that-her-s-o-s-album-will-be-released-on-december-9/ |access-date=December 4, 2022 |website=Hip-Hop Vibe |date= December 4, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The album has spent its first seven weeks atop the Billboard 200 Albums Chart in the United States, becoming the longest-running number-one female album of the decade and the first R&B album to spend its first seven weeks atop the chart since [[Whitney Houston]]'s [[Whitney (album)|Whitney]] (1987).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Danyel |date=2023-02-08 |title=SZA's Ruination Brought Her Everything |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/08/magazine/sza.html |access-date=2023-02-09 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 8, 2023 |archive-url= https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20230208104254/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/08/magazine/sza.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |
|
| 2023-04-25T14:57:05Z |
Gigi Hadid |
diff |
| | | Line 67: | Line 67: | She scored her second American Vogue cover in August 2017, sharing it with her then-boyfriend, Zayn Malik.<ref name=Vogue170713>{{cite web|url= https://www.vogue.com/article/gigi-hadid-zayn-malik-august-2017-vogue-cover-breaking-gender-codes%7Ctitle=Gigi Hadid and Zayn Malik Are Part of a New Generation Who Don't See Fashion as Gendered|website=Vogue|last=Singer|first=Maya|date=July 13, 2017|access-date=April 29, 2020|archive-date=March 30, 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190330054246/https://www.vogue.com/article/gigi-hadid-zayn-malik-august-2017-vogue-cover-breaking-gender-codes%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> During Fall/Winter 2017 Fashion Month in New York, Milan and Paris, she opened the shows for [[Jeremy Scott]], Anna Sui, Versus (Versace), [[Alberta Ferretti]], [[Missoni]], [[H&M]] and [[Balmain (fashion house)|Balmain]]; and closed the shows for [[Isabel Marant]], Moschino, Max Mara and Anna Sui. She also released the first season of two new collaborations with Vogue Eyewear and Messika Jewelry.<ref name="auto" /> At the [[Daily Front Row|Daily Front Row's]] third annual Fashion Los Angeles Awards, she was honored for the Best Design Debut for her collection with Tommy Hilfiger.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://vmagazine.com/article/daily-front-row-announces-fashion-los-angeles-awards-recipients/%7Ctitle=The Daily Front Row Announces Fashion Los Angeles Awards Recipients|website=V Magazine|last=Viswanath|first=Jake|date=March 24, 2017|access-date=April 29, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170331030609/http://vmagazine.com/article/daily-front-row-announces-fashion-los-angeles-awards-recipients/%7Carchive-date=March 31, 2017}}</ref> She ended 2017 by being named one of Glamour<nowiki/>'s Women of the Year, alongside [[Nicole Kidman]], [[Solange Knowles]], [[Muzoon Almellehan]] and others.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.glamour.com/story/women-of-the-year-2017-winners%7Ctitle=Meet the 2017 'Glamour' Women of the Year|publisher=Condé Nast|website=Glamour|date=October 30, 2017|access-date=April 29, 2020|archive-date=March 30, 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190330070654/https://www.glamour.com/story/women-of-the-year-2017-winners%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> | She scored her second American Vogue cover in August 2017, sharing it with her then-boyfriend, Zayn Malik.<ref name=Vogue170713>{{cite web|url= https://www.vogue.com/article/gigi-hadid-zayn-malik-august-2017-vogue-cover-breaking-gender-codes%7Ctitle=Gigi Hadid and Zayn Malik Are Part of a New Generation Who Don't See Fashion as Gendered|website=Vogue|last=Singer|first=Maya|date=July 13, 2017|access-date=April 29, 2020|archive-date=March 30, 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190330054246/https://www.vogue.com/article/gigi-hadid-zayn-malik-august-2017-vogue-cover-breaking-gender-codes%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> During Fall/Winter 2017 Fashion Month in New York, Milan and Paris, she opened the shows for [[Jeremy Scott]], Anna Sui, Versus (Versace), [[Alberta Ferretti]], [[Missoni]], [[H&M]] and [[Balmain (fashion house)|Balmain]]; and closed the shows for [[Isabel Marant]], Moschino, Max Mara and Anna Sui. She also released the first season of two new collaborations with Vogue Eyewear and Messika Jewelry.<ref name="auto" /> At the [[Daily Front Row|Daily Front Row's]] third annual Fashion Los Angeles Awards, she was honored for the Best Design Debut for her collection with Tommy Hilfiger.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://vmagazine.com/article/daily-front-row-announces-fashion-los-angeles-awards-recipients/%7Ctitle=The Daily Front Row Announces Fashion Los Angeles Awards Recipients|website=V Magazine|last=Viswanath|first=Jake|date=March 24, 2017|access-date=April 29, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170331030609/http://vmagazine.com/article/daily-front-row-announces-fashion-los-angeles-awards-recipients/%7Carchive-date=March 31, 2017}}</ref> She ended 2017 by being named one of Glamour<nowiki/>'s Women of the Year, alongside [[Nicole Kidman]], [[Solange Knowles]], [[Muzoon Almellehan]] and others.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.glamour.com/story/women-of-the-year-2017-winners%7Ctitle=Meet the 2017 'Glamour' Women of the Year|publisher=Condé Nast|website=Glamour|date=October 30, 2017|access-date=April 29, 2020|archive-date=March 30, 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190330070654/https://www.glamour.com/story/women-of-the-year-2017-winners%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> |
|
| | |
|
| She appeared on many different international Vogue covers in 2018, including British Vogue in March,<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/gigi-bella-hadid-cover-march-vogue-2018%7Ctitle=Gigi And Bella Cover March Vogue|first=Alice|last=Newbold|website=British Vogue|date=January 30, 2018|access-date=April 29, 2020|archive-date=June 5, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200605084136/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/gigi-bella-hadid-cover-march-vogue-2018%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> Vogue Italia in May and Vogue Brazil in September.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.imgmodels.com/news/gigi-hadid-vogue-brazil-september-2018%7Ctitle=Gigi Hadid - Vogue Brazil September 2018|date=August 29, 2018|website=IMG Models|access-date=April 29, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201116165139/https://www.imgmodels.com/news/gigi-hadid-vogue-brazil-september-2018%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> She also scored multiple American covers, including the Harper's Bazaar May issue,<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/features/a19695423/blake-lively-interviews-gigi-hadid/%7Ctitle=Blake Lively Interviews Gigi Hadid on Social Media, Self-Love, and Women Supporting Women|first=Blake|last=Lively|date=April 11, 2018|website=Harper's BAZAAR|access-date=April 29, 2020|archive-date=May 5, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200505114854/https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/features/a19695423/blake-lively-interviews-gigi-hadid/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> V Magazine<nowiki/>'s Fall Preview Cover V114,<ref>{{cite web|url= https://vmagazine.com/article/vtv-gigi-hadid-makes-waves-in-v114/%7Ctitle=VTV - Gigi Hadid Makes Waves in V114 - V Magazine|website=vmagazine.com|date=July 16, 2018|access-date=April 29, 2020|archive-date=June 5, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200605082614/https://vmagazine.com/article/vtv-gigi-hadid-makes-waves-in-v114/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> and W Magazine. She also covered LOVE Magazine<nowiki/>'s 10th Anniversary edition,<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/love-magazine-10-anniversary-iconic-covers/%7Ctitle=Kendall Jenner, Gigi Hadid & More Cover 'LOVE' Magazine's 10th Anniversary Issue|date=August 8, 2018|website=[[Highsnobiety]]|last=Snowden|first=Heather|access-date=April 29, 2020|archive-date=April 2, 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230402133203/https://www.highsnobiety.com/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> Chaos 69, and Chaos True Originals – Disney Special. | She appeared on many different international Vogue covers in 2018, including British Vogue in March,<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/gigi-bella-hadid-cover-march-vogue-2018%7Ctitle=Gigi And Bella Cover March Vogue|first=Alice|last=Newbold|website=British Vogue|date=January 30, 2018|access-date=April 29, 2020|archive-date=June 5, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200605084136/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/gigi-bella-hadid-cover-march-vogue-2018%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> Vogue Italia in May and Vogue Brazil in September.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.imgmodels.com/news/gigi-hadid-vogue-brazil-september-2018%7Ctitle=Gigi Hadid - Vogue Brazil September 2018|date=August 29, 2018|website=IMG Models|access-date=April 29, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201116165139/https://www.imgmodels.com/news/gigi-hadid-vogue-brazil-september-2018%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> She also scored multiple American covers, including the Harper's Bazaar May issue,<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/features/a19695423/blake-lively-interviews-gigi-hadid/%7Ctitle=Blake Lively Interviews Gigi Hadid on Social Media, Self-Love, and Women Supporting Women|first=Blake|last=Lively|date=April 11, 2018|website=Harper's BAZAAR|access-date=April 29, 2020|archive-date=May 5, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200505114854/https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/features/a19695423/blake-lively-interviews-gigi-hadid/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> V Magazine<nowiki/>'s Fall Preview Cover V114,<ref>{{cite web|url= https://vmagazine.com/article/vtv-gigi-hadid-makes-waves-in-v114/%7Ctitle=VTV - Gigi Hadid Makes Waves in V114 - V Magazine|website=vmagazine.com|date=July 16, 2018|access-date=April 29, 2020|archive-date=June 5, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200605082614/https://vmagazine.com/article/vtv-gigi-hadid-makes-waves-in-v114/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> and W Magazine. She also covered LOVE Magazine<nowiki/>'s 10th Anniversary edition,<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/love-magazine-10-anniversary-iconic-covers/%7Ctitle=Kendall Jenner, Gigi Hadid & More Cover 'LOVE' Magazine's 10th Anniversary Issue|date=August 8, 2018|website=[[Highsnobiety]]|last=Snowden|first=Heather|access-date=April 29, 2020|archive-date=April 2, 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230402133203/https://www.highsnobiety.com/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> Chaos 69, and Chaos True Originals – Disney Special. |
|
| 2023-04-25T14:32:22Z |
Armani |
diff |
| | | Line 55: | Line 55: | By the 1990s, the company's strategy was to cancel licenses and take production in-house in a bid to exert more control over quality and distribution.<ref name="wwd.com"/> Manufacturing arrangements later brought back in-house include the acquisition of Antinea (1990), Simint (1996) and Intai (1998).<ref name="Giorgio Armani:'I did it my way'"/><ref name="nytimes.com"/> In 2000, after buying factories from GFT, Armani formed a joint venture with [[Zegna]] for the production and distribution of the Collezioni men's collection. Armani also increased to 85 percent its share in the joint venture in Japan with [[Itochu]].<ref name="Giorgio Armani:'I did it my way'"/> | By the 1990s, the company's strategy was to cancel licenses and take production in-house in a bid to exert more control over quality and distribution.<ref name="wwd.com"/> Manufacturing arrangements later brought back in-house include the acquisition of Antinea (1990), Simint (1996) and Intai (1998).<ref name="Giorgio Armani:'I did it my way'"/><ref name="nytimes.com"/> In 2000, after buying factories from GFT, Armani formed a joint venture with [[Zegna]] for the production and distribution of the Collezioni men's collection. Armani also increased to 85 percent its share in the joint venture in Japan with [[Itochu]].<ref name="Giorgio Armani:'I did it my way'"/> |
|
| Also in the early 2000s, Armani opened five megastores designed by [[Massimiliano Fuksas|Massimiliano and Doriana Fuksas]], starting with the opening of the Armani/Manzoni store in Milan in 2000, which carries all of the company's brands. Other such venues are in Hong Kong (Armani/[[Chater House]], opened in 2002), [[Munich]] (Armani/[[Fünf Höfe]], opened in 2003), Tokyo (Armani/Ginza Tower, opened in 2007) and [[New York City]] (Armani/[[Fifth Avenue]], opened in 2009).<ref>Luisa Zargani (July 12, 2007), Armani’s Vision to Tower Over Tokyo [[Women's Wear Daily]].</ref> | Also in the early -2000s, Armani opened five megastores designed by [[Massimiliano Fuksas|Massimiliano and Doriana Fuksas]], starting with the opening of the Armani/Manzoni store in Milan in 2000, which carries all of the company's brands. Other such venues are in Hong Kong (Armani/[[Chater House]], opened in 2002), [[Munich]] (Armani/[[Fünf Höfe]], opened in 2003), Tokyo (Armani/Ginza Tower, opened in 2007) and [[New York City]] (Armani/[[Fifth Avenue]], opened in 2009).<ref>Luisa Zargani (July 12, 2007), Armani’s Vision to Tower Over Tokyo [[Women's Wear Daily]].</ref> |
|
| From 2003 until 2012, [[Safilo Group]] held the exclusive license for Armani-branded eyewear before losing it again to Luxottica<ref>Valentina Za (November 16, 2011), Luxottica to take over Armani licence from Safilo [[Reuters]].</ref><ref>Antonella Ciancio (November 16, 2011), Safilo stock recovers from Armani contract loss [[Reuters]].</ref><ref>Luisa Zargani (November 16, 2011), Armani License Moves to Luxottica [[Women's Wear Daily]].</ref> until 2037.<ref>Claudia Cristoferi and Mimosa Spencer (September 14, 2022), In new era, Ray-Ban owner extends partnership with Armani [[Reuters]].</ref> Beginning in 2007, the company teamed up with [[Samsung]] to develop a line of high-end electronic goods.<ref> Armani to launch mobile phone with Samsung [[Reuters]], September 23, 2007.</ref><ref>Stacy Meichtry (September 24, 2007), Armani Links With Samsung For Electronics Line [[Wall Street Journal]].</ref><ref>Marie-Louise Gumuchian (October 9, 2009), Giorgio Armani extends designer touch to new mobile [[Reuters]].</ref> | From 2003 until 2012, [[Safilo Group]] held the exclusive license for Armani-branded eyewear before losing it again to Luxottica<ref>Valentina Za (November 16, 2011), Luxottica to take over Armani licence from Safilo [[Reuters]].</ref><ref>Antonella Ciancio (November 16, 2011), Safilo stock recovers from Armani contract loss [[Reuters]].</ref><ref>Luisa Zargani (November 16, 2011), Armani License Moves to Luxottica [[Women's Wear Daily]].</ref> until 2037.<ref>Claudia Cristoferi and Mimosa Spencer (September 14, 2022), In new era, Ray-Ban owner extends partnership with Armani [[Reuters]].</ref> Beginning in 2007, the company teamed up with [[Samsung]] to develop a line of high-end electronic goods.<ref> Armani to launch mobile phone with Samsung [[Reuters]], September 23, 2007.</ref><ref>Stacy Meichtry (September 24, 2007), Armani Links With Samsung For Electronics Line [[Wall Street Journal]].</ref><ref>Marie-Louise Gumuchian (October 9, 2009), Giorgio Armani extends designer touch to new mobile [[Reuters]].</ref> | | Line 192: | Line 192: |
|
| ==Sustainability== | ==Sustainability== | Armani banned [[animal fur]] in 2016 and signed in 2019 the "Fashion Pact" with other major industry players to address climate change. Starting from the 2022-23 autumn/winter season, it no longer uses [[angora wool]].<ref>Claudia Cristoferi (December 1, 2021), Armani to ban angora wool from next winter season [[British Vogue]].</ref> | Armani banned [[animal fur]] in 2016 and signed in 2019 the "Fashion Pact" with other major industry players to address climate change. Starting from the 2022-23 autumn/winter season, it no longer uses [[angora wool]].<ref>Claudia Cristoferi (December 1, 2021), Armani to ban angora wool from next winter season [[British Vogue]].</ref> | |
| | |
|
| ==Controversy== | ==Controversy== |
|
| 2023-04-25T14:14:14Z |
Coachella |
diff |
| | | Line 375: | Line 375: | |[[Coachella 2022|2022]] | |[[Coachella 2022|2022]] | |{{hlist|April 15–17|April 22–24}} | |{{hlist|April 15–17|April 22–24}} | |{{hlist|[[Harry Styles]]|[[Billie Eilish]]|[[Swedish House Mafia]] & [[The Weeknd]]}} | | |{{N/A}} | |{{N/A}} | |{{N/A}} | |{{N/A}} |
|
| 2023-04-25T14:02:02Z |
Lancôme |
diff |
| | | Line 66: | Line 66: | Presently, popular south Korean Singer and Actress [[Bae Suzy]] is the Asia Pacific Brand Ambassador and also Lancome's Global Muse. | Presently, popular south Korean Singer and Actress [[Bae Suzy]] is the Asia Pacific Brand Ambassador and also Lancome's Global Muse. |
|
| | |
|
| ==Digital marketing in Lancôme== | ==Digital marketing in Lancôme== |
|
| 2023-04-25T13:41:36Z |
Labrinth |
diff |
| | | Line 89: | Line 89: | On 3 May 2018, Labrinth was announced as a member of the supergroup [[LSD (group)|LSD]] along with Sia and music producer [[Diplo]]. It was the first time the three artists have worked together on a single project. According to Diplo, LSD started when he was invited into the studio to write with Labrinth and Sia. Their first single, "Genius", was released via Columbia Records in the US and Syco Music in the UK the same day, along with a psychedelic cartoon visual and the announcement of a forthcoming album.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Deville |first1=Chris |title=LSD (Diplo, Sia, & Labrinth) – "Genius" Video |url= https://www.stereogum.com/1994491/lsd-diplo-sia-labrinth-genius-video/music/ |website=Stereogum |access-date=27 November 2020 |date=3 May 2018 |archive-date=4 December 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201204075659/https://www.stereogum.com/1994491/lsd-diplo-sia-labrinth-genius-video/music/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=White |first1=Jack |title=Labrinth, Sia and Diplo announce supergroup called LSD, release new single Genius |url= https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/labrinth-sia-and-diplo-announce-supergroup-called-lsd-release-new-single-genius__22787/ |website=Official Charts |access-date=27 November 2020 |date=3 May 2018 |archive-date=4 December 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201204220132/https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/labrinth-sia-and-diplo-announce-supergroup-called-lsd-release-new-single-genius__22787/ |url-status=live }}</ref> LSD released their second single "Audio" the next week and their third single "Thunderclouds" in August, followed by a "Thunderclouds" music video featuring dancer and previous Sia collaborator [[Maddie Ziegler]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rettig |first1=James |title=LSD (Sia, Diplo, & Labrinth) – "Audio" Video |url= https://www.stereogum.com/1995583/lsd-sia-diplo-labrinth-audio-video/music/ |website=Stereogum |access-date=27 November 2020 |date=10 May 2018 |archive-date=30 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210130130247/https://www.stereogum.com/1995583/lsd-sia-diplo-labrinth-audio-video/music/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Blistein |first1=Jon |title=Hear Diplo, Sia, Labrinth Supergroup Seek Solace on New Song 'Thunderclouds' |url= https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/hear-diplo-sia-labrinth-supergroup-seek-solace-on-new-song-thunderclouds-709510/ |magazine=Rolling Stone |access-date=27 November 2020 |date=9 August 2018 |archive-date=4 December 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201204074537/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/hear-diplo-sia-labrinth-supergroup-seek-solace-on-new-song-thunderclouds-709510/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Pedrosa |first1=Marina |title=Maddie Ziegler Flies High in Sia, Diplo & Labrinth's Psychedelic 'Thunderclouds' Video: Watch |url= https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/dance/8472978/sia-diplo-labrinth-maddie-ziegler-lsd-thunderclouds-video |magazine=Billboard |access-date=27 November 2020 |date=30 August 2018 |archive-date=19 September 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200919093550/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/dance/8472978/sia-diplo-labrinth-maddie-ziegler-lsd-thunderclouds-video |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter was used as the promotional song for the [[Samsung Galaxy Note 9]], which helped propel it to the top of Billboard & Clio's Top TV Commercials chart for August and September 2018.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Boyle |first1=Kelli |title=The Galaxy Note 9 Promo Song "Thunderclouds" By Sia, Diplo, & Labrinth Is Next-Level Good |url= https://www.elitedaily.com/p/the-galaxy-note-9-promo-song-thunderclouds-by-sia-diplo-will-bless-your-ears-10054027 |website=Elite Daily |access-date=27 November 2020 |language=en |date=9 August 2018 |archive-date=14 August 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180814040126/https://www.elitedaily.com/p/the-galaxy-note-9-promo-song-thunderclouds-by-sia-diplo-will-bless-your-ears-10054027 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Rutherford |first1=Kevin |title=LSD's 'Thunderclouds' Storms to No. 1 On August 2018's Top TV Commercials Chart |url= https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8475235/lsd-thunderclouds-no-1-august-2018-top-tv-commercials-chart |magazine=Billboard |access-date=27 November 2020 |date=14 September 2018 |archive-date=14 September 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180914231800/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8475235/lsd-thunderclouds-no-1-august-2018-top-tv-commercials-chart |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Zellner |first1=Xander |title=LSD's 'Thunderclouds' Rules Top TV Commercials Chart for September 2018 |url= https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8480398/lsd-thunderclouds-top-tv-commercials-chart-september |magazine=Billboard |access-date=27 November 2020 |date=17 October 2018 |archive-date=24 September 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200924004648/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8480398/lsd-thunderclouds-top-tv-commercials-chart-september |url-status=live }}</ref> It is also LSD's highest-charting single to date, peaking at number 67 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 17 on the UK Singles Chart.<ref name="Billboard Hot 100" /><ref>{{cite web |title=LSD FT SIA/DIPLO/LABRINTH | Full Official Chart History |url= https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/53507/lsd-ft-sia-diplo-labrinth/ |website=Official Charts |access-date=27 November 2020 |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201029200326/https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/53507/lsd-ft-sia-diplo-labrinth/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In November 2018, the three received a [[Grammy Award]] nomination for [[Grammy Award for Best Remixed Recording|Best Remixed Recording]] for their song "Audio (CID Remix Official Dance Remix)".<ref name="remix">{{cite web|last1=Amter|first1=Charlie|url= https://variety.com/2019/music/news/grammy-best-remixed-recording-steps-into-spotlight-in-spotify-era-1203104457/%7Ctitle='Best Remixed Recording' Can Be a Career-Making Grammy Award|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=5 February 2019|access-date=3 September 2020|archive-date=29 January 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210129101403/https://variety.com/2019/music/news/grammy-best-remixed-recording-steps-into-spotlight-in-spotify-era-1203104457/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> Also in 2018, Labrinth co-produced and featured on [[Nicki Minaj]]'s track "Majesty" featuring [[Eminem]], which peaked at number 58 on the Billboard Hot 100.<ref name="Leight 2020" /><ref name="Billboard Hot 100" /> | On 3 May 2018, Labrinth was announced as a member of the supergroup [[LSD (group)|LSD]] along with Sia and music producer [[Diplo]]. It was the first time the three artists have worked together on a single project. According to Diplo, LSD started when he was invited into the studio to write with Labrinth and Sia. Their first single, "Genius", was released via Columbia Records in the US and Syco Music in the UK the same day, along with a psychedelic cartoon visual and the announcement of a forthcoming album.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Deville |first1=Chris |title=LSD (Diplo, Sia, & Labrinth) – "Genius" Video |url= https://www.stereogum.com/1994491/lsd-diplo-sia-labrinth-genius-video/music/ |website=Stereogum |access-date=27 November 2020 |date=3 May 2018 |archive-date=4 December 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201204075659/https://www.stereogum.com/1994491/lsd-diplo-sia-labrinth-genius-video/music/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=White |first1=Jack |title=Labrinth, Sia and Diplo announce supergroup called LSD, release new single Genius |url= https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/labrinth-sia-and-diplo-announce-supergroup-called-lsd-release-new-single-genius__22787/ |website=Official Charts |access-date=27 November 2020 |date=3 May 2018 |archive-date=4 December 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201204220132/https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/labrinth-sia-and-diplo-announce-supergroup-called-lsd-release-new-single-genius__22787/ |url-status=live }}</ref> LSD released their second single "Audio" the next week and their third single "Thunderclouds" in August, followed by a "Thunderclouds" music video featuring dancer and previous Sia collaborator [[Maddie Ziegler]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rettig |first1=James |title=LSD (Sia, Diplo, & Labrinth) – "Audio" Video |url= https://www.stereogum.com/1995583/lsd-sia-diplo-labrinth-audio-video/music/ |website=Stereogum |access-date=27 November 2020 |date=10 May 2018 |archive-date=30 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210130130247/https://www.stereogum.com/1995583/lsd-sia-diplo-labrinth-audio-video/music/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Blistein |first1=Jon |title=Hear Diplo, Sia, Labrinth Supergroup Seek Solace on New Song 'Thunderclouds' |url= https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/hear-diplo-sia-labrinth-supergroup-seek-solace-on-new-song-thunderclouds-709510/ |magazine=Rolling Stone |access-date=27 November 2020 |date=9 August 2018 |archive-date=4 December 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201204074537/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/hear-diplo-sia-labrinth-supergroup-seek-solace-on-new-song-thunderclouds-709510/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Pedrosa |first1=Marina |title=Maddie Ziegler Flies High in Sia, Diplo & Labrinth's Psychedelic 'Thunderclouds' Video: Watch |url= https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/dance/8472978/sia-diplo-labrinth-maddie-ziegler-lsd-thunderclouds-video |magazine=Billboard |access-date=27 November 2020 |date=30 August 2018 |archive-date=19 September 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200919093550/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/dance/8472978/sia-diplo-labrinth-maddie-ziegler-lsd-thunderclouds-video |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter was used as the promotional song for the [[Samsung Galaxy Note 9]], which helped propel it to the top of Billboard & Clio's Top TV Commercials chart for August and September 2018.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Boyle |first1=Kelli |title=The Galaxy Note 9 Promo Song "Thunderclouds" By Sia, Diplo, & Labrinth Is Next-Level Good |url= https://www.elitedaily.com/p/the-galaxy-note-9-promo-song-thunderclouds-by-sia-diplo-will-bless-your-ears-10054027 |website=Elite Daily |access-date=27 November 2020 |language=en |date=9 August 2018 |archive-date=14 August 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180814040126/https://www.elitedaily.com/p/the-galaxy-note-9-promo-song-thunderclouds-by-sia-diplo-will-bless-your-ears-10054027 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Rutherford |first1=Kevin |title=LSD's 'Thunderclouds' Storms to No. 1 On August 2018's Top TV Commercials Chart |url= https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8475235/lsd-thunderclouds-no-1-august-2018-top-tv-commercials-chart |magazine=Billboard |access-date=27 November 2020 |date=14 September 2018 |archive-date=14 September 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180914231800/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8475235/lsd-thunderclouds-no-1-august-2018-top-tv-commercials-chart |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Zellner |first1=Xander |title=LSD's 'Thunderclouds' Rules Top TV Commercials Chart for September 2018 |url= https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8480398/lsd-thunderclouds-top-tv-commercials-chart-september |magazine=Billboard |access-date=27 November 2020 |date=17 October 2018 |archive-date=24 September 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200924004648/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8480398/lsd-thunderclouds-top-tv-commercials-chart-september |url-status=live }}</ref> It is also LSD's highest-charting single to date, peaking at number 67 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 17 on the UK Singles Chart.<ref name="Billboard Hot 100" /><ref>{{cite web |title=LSD FT SIA/DIPLO/LABRINTH | Full Official Chart History |url= https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/53507/lsd-ft-sia-diplo-labrinth/ |website=Official Charts |access-date=27 November 2020 |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201029200326/https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/53507/lsd-ft-sia-diplo-labrinth/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In November 2018, the three received a [[Grammy Award]] nomination for [[Grammy Award for Best Remixed Recording|Best Remixed Recording]] for their song "Audio (CID Remix Official Dance Remix)".<ref name="remix">{{cite web|last1=Amter|first1=Charlie|url= https://variety.com/2019/music/news/grammy-best-remixed-recording-steps-into-spotlight-in-spotify-era-1203104457/%7Ctitle='Best Remixed Recording' Can Be a Career-Making Grammy Award|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=5 February 2019|access-date=3 September 2020|archive-date=29 January 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210129101403/https://variety.com/2019/music/news/grammy-best-remixed-recording-steps-into-spotlight-in-spotify-era-1203104457/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> Also in 2018, Labrinth co-produced and featured on [[Nicki Minaj]]'s track "Majesty" featuring [[Eminem]], which peaked at number 58 on the Billboard Hot 100.<ref name="Leight 2020" /><ref name="Billboard Hot 100" /> |
|
| | |
|
| ===2019–2022: Euphoria and Imagination & the Misfit Kid=== | ===2019–2022: Euphoria and Imagination & the Misfit Kid=== |
|
| 2023-04-25T13:30:30Z |
Met Gala |
diff |
| | | Line 394: | Line 394: | |data-sort-value="2018-05-07"|May 7, 2018 | |data-sort-value="2018-05-07"|May 7, 2018 | | | | | |[[Anna Wintour]], [[Rihanna]], [[Amal Clooney]], [[Donatella Versace]] | | |Christine and [[Stephen A. Schwarzman]] | |Christine and [[Stephen A. Schwarzman]] | |Christine and [[Stephen A. Schwarzman]], [[Versace]] | |Christine and [[Stephen A. Schwarzman]], [[Versace]] |
|
| 2023-04-25T13:17:01Z |
Valentino (fashion house) |
diff |
| | | Line 58: | Line 58: | * [[Valentino Garavani]] – 1959 to 2007 | * [[Valentino Garavani]] – 1959 to 2007 | * [[Alessandra Facchinetti]] – 2007 to 2008 | * [[Alessandra Facchinetti]] – 2007 to 2008 | | | * [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]] & Pierpaolo Piccioli – 2008 to 2016 | | | |
|
|
|
| 2023-04-20T15:02:06Z |
Met Gala |
diff |
| | | Line 400: | Line 400: | |data-sort-value="2019-05-06"|May 6, 2019 | |data-sort-value="2019-05-06"|May 6, 2019 | | | |[[Anna Wintour]], [[Lady Gaga]], [[Harry Styles]], [[Serena Williams]], [[Alessandro Michele]] | |[[Anna Wintour]], [[Lady Gaga]], [[Harry Styles]], [[Serena Williams]], [[Alessandro Michele]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 2019 Met Gala's theme is 'camp' — here's what you should expect to see on the red carpet |url=https://www.insider.com/met-gala-2019-camp-theme-co-chairs-2018-10 |access-date=20 April 2023 |website=Insider}}</ref> | |None | |None | |[[Gucci]] | |[[Gucci]] |
|
| 2023-04-20T14:57:47Z |
Met Gala |
diff |
| | | Line 421: | Line 421: | |data-sort-value="2022-05-02"|May 2, 2022 | |data-sort-value="2022-05-02"|May 2, 2022 | |[[In America: An Anthology of Fashion]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-06 |title=Everything You Need To Know About The Met Gala 2022 |url= https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/met-gala |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=British Vogue |language=en-GB}}</ref> | |[[In America: An Anthology of Fashion]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-06 |title=Everything You Need To Know About The Met Gala 2022 |url= https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/met-gala |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=British Vogue |language=en-GB}}</ref> | |[[Blake Lively]] and [[Ryan Reynolds]], [[Lin-Manuel Miranda]], [[Regina King]] | | |[[Tom Ford]], [[Adam Mosseri]], [[Anna Wintour]] | |[[Tom Ford]], [[Adam Mosseri]], [[Anna Wintour]] | |[[Instagram]] | |[[Instagram]] |
|
| 2023-04-20T14:52:04Z |
Met Gala |
diff |
| | | Line 428: | Line 428: | |data-sort-value="2023-05-01"|May 1, 2023 | |data-sort-value="2023-05-01"|May 1, 2023 | | | |[[Anna Wintour]], [[Dua Lipa]], [[Michaela Coel]], [[Penelope Cruz]], [[Roger Federer]] | | | None | | None | |TBA | |TBA |
|
| 2023-04-20T14:44:33Z |
Margot Robbie |
diff |
| | | Line 106: | Line 106: | According to the review aggregator site [[Rotten Tomatoes]], Robbie's most critically acclaimed films are About Time (2013), The Wolf of Wall Street (2013), Z for Zachariah (2015), Suite Française (2015), Whiskey Tango Foxtrot (2016), I, Tonya (2017), Mary Queen of Scots (2019), Bombshell (2019), Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019), Birds of Prey (2020), and The Suicide Squad (2021).<ref>{{cite web |title=ALL MARGOT ROBBIE MOVIES RANKED BY TOMATOMETER |url= https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/all-margot-robbie-movies-ranked-by-tomatometer/ |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=25 January 2021}}</ref> | According to the review aggregator site [[Rotten Tomatoes]], Robbie's most critically acclaimed films are About Time (2013), The Wolf of Wall Street (2013), Z for Zachariah (2015), Suite Française (2015), Whiskey Tango Foxtrot (2016), I, Tonya (2017), Mary Queen of Scots (2019), Bombshell (2019), Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019), Birds of Prey (2020), and The Suicide Squad (2021).<ref>{{cite web |title=ALL MARGOT ROBBIE MOVIES RANKED BY TOMATOMETER |url= https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/all-margot-robbie-movies-ranked-by-tomatometer/ |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=25 January 2021}}</ref> |
|
| | |
|
| ==References== | ==References== |
|
| 2023-04-20T14:24:38Z |
Royal Canin |
diff |
| | | Line 39: | Line 39: |
|
| By 2008, as much as eighty percent of Royal Canin's one and a half billion euro revenue was generated from sales outside France. The number of staff employed worldwide was around four thousand five hundred.{{sfn|Chamber of Commerce}} | By 2008, as much as eighty percent of Royal Canin's one and a half billion euro revenue was generated from sales outside France. The number of staff employed worldwide was around four thousand five hundred.{{sfn|Chamber of Commerce}} | |
| | | |
| | |
|
| == Products and services == | == Products and services == |
|
| 2023-04-20T14:01:46Z |
Nestlé Purina PetCare |
diff |
| | | Line 58: | Line 58: | | |
|
| | |
|
| | | | Line 139: | Line 139: | In 2010, Nestlé Purina PetCare won the [[Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award]] based on organizational and manufacturing performance.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nestlé Purina: building on a tradition of trust|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=Watt Petfood Industry|archive-date=February 23, 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150223061847/http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Curl-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=How Nestlé Purina PetCare earned the Malcolm Baldrige Award|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/NestleBaldrige.aspx%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> Its manufacturing operations have continuously reduced the amount of materials used in packaging, increased the recycling of waste product and reduced water usage, in addition to installing solar panels to produce electricity for its offices and facilities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Heroes of the Planet – Nestlé Purina PetCare|date=October 26, 2012|url= http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/print-edition/2012/10/26/heroes-of-the-planet---nestle-purina.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2011, Nestlé Purina PetCare was ranked as one of 11 most sustainable companies in Two Tomorrow's annual ranking.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina's parent company ranks among top 'green' firms|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=October 27, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestle_Purina_s_parent_company_ranks_among_top__green__firms.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> As of 2014, it has 19 manufacturing plants.<ref>{{citation|url= https://www.nestlepurinacareers.com/why-purina/our-locations/%7Ctitle=Our locations|publisher=Nestle Purina Petcare|access-date=November 5, 2014}}</ref>{{efn|Nestle Purina had 26 manufacturing facilities in 2012<ref name="eleventwelve"/>}} | In 2010, Nestlé Purina PetCare won the [[Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award]] based on organizational and manufacturing performance.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nestlé Purina: building on a tradition of trust|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=Watt Petfood Industry|archive-date=February 23, 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150223061847/http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Curl-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=How Nestlé Purina PetCare earned the Malcolm Baldrige Award|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/NestleBaldrige.aspx%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> Its manufacturing operations have continuously reduced the amount of materials used in packaging, increased the recycling of waste product and reduced water usage, in addition to installing solar panels to produce electricity for its offices and facilities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Heroes of the Planet – Nestlé Purina PetCare|date=October 26, 2012|url= http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/print-edition/2012/10/26/heroes-of-the-planet---nestle-purina.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2011, Nestlé Purina PetCare was ranked as one of 11 most sustainable companies in Two Tomorrow's annual ranking.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina's parent company ranks among top 'green' firms|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=October 27, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestle_Purina_s_parent_company_ranks_among_top__green__firms.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> As of 2014, it has 19 manufacturing plants.<ref>{{citation|url= https://www.nestlepurinacareers.com/why-purina/our-locations/%7Ctitle=Our locations|publisher=Nestle Purina Petcare|access-date=November 5, 2014}}</ref>{{efn|Nestle Purina had 26 manufacturing facilities in 2012<ref name="eleventwelve"/>}} |
|
| | In FY21, Purina PetCare's annual revenue reached US$16.903 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2022 |title=Purina FY21 sales up US$1.7 bil, gaining market globally |url=https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/11057-purina-fy21-sales-up-us1-bil-gaining-market-globally |access-date=20 April 2023 |website=Petfood Industry}}</ref> By the start of 2022, Purina PetCare 's sales witnessed an increase of nearly 14%.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=24 October 2022 |title=Purina PetCare pet food sales up 14% so far in 2022 |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/11702-purina-petcare-pet-food-sales-up-14-so-far-in-2022 |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=Petfood Industry}}</ref> In that year, Purina managed to grow and eventually lead to Nestlé's expansion worldwide.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=22 March 2023 |title=Nestle Purina PetCare performance by geographic region in 2022 |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/12121-nestle-purina-petcare-performance-by-geographic-region-in-2022 |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=Petfood industry}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Accordingly, Purina's sales in FY22 reached $19.385 billion and its organic growth attained 14.5%.<ref name=":2" /> In January 2023, Purina was considered the 'No. 1 petcare compagny in the U.S.' which nourishes 65 million dogs as well as 51 million cats per annum.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2023 |title=Nestlé Petcare implements new retail organization system |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/11944-nestle-petcare-implements-new-retail-organization-system |access-date=20 April 2023 |website=Petfood Industry}}</ref> The same year, in March, it was announced that Purina PetCare was the second largest category of Nestlé, following coffee, and had the largest market share in the U.S.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2023 |title=5 pet foods brands lead US market share, Purina tops |url= https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/12042-5-pet-foods-brands-lead-us-market-share-purina-tops |access-date=12 April 2023 |website=Petfood Industry}}</ref> |
|
| ==See also== | ==See also== |
|
| 2023-04-20T13:40:20Z |
Nestlé Purina PetCare |
diff |
| | | Line 139: | Line 139: | In 2010, Nestlé Purina PetCare won the [[Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award]] based on organizational and manufacturing performance.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nestlé Purina: building on a tradition of trust|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=Watt Petfood Industry|archive-date=February 23, 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150223061847/http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Curl-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=How Nestlé Purina PetCare earned the Malcolm Baldrige Award|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/NestleBaldrige.aspx%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> Its manufacturing operations have continuously reduced the amount of materials used in packaging, increased the recycling of waste product and reduced water usage, in addition to installing solar panels to produce electricity for its offices and facilities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Heroes of the Planet – Nestlé Purina PetCare|date=October 26, 2012|url= http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/print-edition/2012/10/26/heroes-of-the-planet---nestle-purina.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2011, Nestlé Purina PetCare was ranked as one of 11 most sustainable companies in Two Tomorrow's annual ranking.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina's parent company ranks among top 'green' firms|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=October 27, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestle_Purina_s_parent_company_ranks_among_top__green__firms.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> As of 2014, it has 19 manufacturing plants.<ref>{{citation|url= https://www.nestlepurinacareers.com/why-purina/our-locations/%7Ctitle=Our locations|publisher=Nestle Purina Petcare|access-date=November 5, 2014}}</ref>{{efn|Nestle Purina had 26 manufacturing facilities in 2012<ref name="eleventwelve"/>}} | In 2010, Nestlé Purina PetCare won the [[Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award]] based on organizational and manufacturing performance.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nestlé Purina: building on a tradition of trust|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=Watt Petfood Industry|archive-date=February 23, 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150223061847/http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Curl-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=How Nestlé Purina PetCare earned the Malcolm Baldrige Award|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/NestleBaldrige.aspx%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> Its manufacturing operations have continuously reduced the amount of materials used in packaging, increased the recycling of waste product and reduced water usage, in addition to installing solar panels to produce electricity for its offices and facilities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Heroes of the Planet – Nestlé Purina PetCare|date=October 26, 2012|url= http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/print-edition/2012/10/26/heroes-of-the-planet---nestle-purina.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2011, Nestlé Purina PetCare was ranked as one of 11 most sustainable companies in Two Tomorrow's annual ranking.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina's parent company ranks among top 'green' firms|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=October 27, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestle_Purina_s_parent_company_ranks_among_top__green__firms.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> As of 2014, it has 19 manufacturing plants.<ref>{{citation|url= https://www.nestlepurinacareers.com/why-purina/our-locations/%7Ctitle=Our locations|publisher=Nestle Purina Petcare|access-date=November 5, 2014}}</ref>{{efn|Nestle Purina had 26 manufacturing facilities in 2012<ref name="eleventwelve"/>}} |
|
| | |
|
| ==See also== | ==See also== |
|
| 2023-04-20T13:26:22Z |
Nestlé Purina PetCare |
diff |
| | | Line 28: | Line 28: | }} | }} |
|
| Nestlé Purina Petcare ({{IPAc-en|p|j|ʊ|ˈ|r|iː|n|ə}}), or simply Purina, is an American subsidiary of the Swiss corporation [[Nestlé]], based in [[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]]. It produces and markets [[pet food]], treats, cat and dog litter. Some of its [[pet food]] brands include Purina Pro Plan, Purina Dog Chow, [[Friskies]], [[Beneful]] and [[Purina One]]. The company was formed in 2001 by combining Nestlé's Friskies Petcare Company with [[Ralston Purina]], which acquired it for $10.3 billion. {{As of|2012}}, it is the second-largest pet food company globally (with the first being [[Mars, Incorporated|Mars Petcare]]), and the largest in the United States. | Nestlé Purina PetCare ({{IPAc-en|p|j|ʊ|ˈ|r|iː|n|ə}}), or simply Purina, is an American subsidiary of the Swiss corporation [[Nestlé]], based in [[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]]. It produces and markets [[pet food]], treats, cat and dog litter. Some of its [[pet food]] brands include Purina Pro Plan, Purina Dog Chow, [[Friskies]], [[Beneful]] and [[Purina One]]. The company was formed in 2001 by combining Nestlé's Friskies PetCare Company with [[Ralston Purina]], which acquired it for $10.3 billion. {{As of|2012}}, it is the second-largest pet food company globally (with the first being [[Mars, Incorporated|Mars Petcare]]), and the largest in the United States. |
|
| ==Corporate history== | ==Corporate history== | | Line 34: | Line 34: | ===Origins=== | ===Origins=== | In 1894, [[William H. Danforth]] partnered with George Robinson and William Andrews, as they entered the business of feeding farm animals by founding the [[Purina Mills|Robinson-Danforth Commission Company]] in St. Louis, Missouri. The name was changed to Ralston Purina in 1902.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.purina-arabia.com/meet-purina/history%7Ctitle=Origin of Purina | publisher=Purina}}</ref> This was the same year, 1902, when Ralston Purina built their first building at the current headquarters, 800 Chouteau Ave, St. Louis, Missouri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=800 Chouteau Avenue, St. Louis, MO {{!}} Office Building |url= https://www.commercialcafe.com/commercial-property/us/mo/st-louis/800-chouteau-avenue/ |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=www.commercialcafe.com}}</ref> | In 1894, [[William H. Danforth]] partnered with George Robinson and William Andrews, as they entered the business of feeding farm animals by founding the [[Purina Mills|Robinson-Danforth Commission Company]] in St. Louis, Missouri. The name was changed to Ralston Purina in 1902.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.purina-arabia.com/meet-purina/history%7Ctitle=Origin of Purina | publisher=Purina}}</ref> This was the same year, 1902, when Ralston Purina built their first building at the current headquarters, 800 Chouteau Ave, St. Louis, Missouri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=800 Chouteau Avenue, St. Louis, MO {{!}} Office Building |url= https://www.commercialcafe.com/commercial-property/us/mo/st-louis/800-chouteau-avenue/ |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=www.commercialcafe.com}}</ref> | Nestlé Purina Petcare was formed in December 2001,<ref name="one">{{cite news|url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1893&dat=20011213&id=viovAAAAIBAJ&pg=1266,6627049%7Cagency=Associated Press|title=Nestle Completes Deal to purchase Ralston Purina|access-date=August 27, 2014|date=December 13, 2001|first=David|last=Scott}}</ref> when Nestlé acquired Ralston Purina for $10.3 billion and merged it with Nestlé's pet food business, Friskies PetCare Company.<ref name="one"/> Ralston had marketed the Dog Chow, Cat Chow and Pro Plan pet food brands, while Nestlé produced Friskies and [[Alpo (pet food)|Alpo]] brand pet foods.<ref name="seven"/> | Nestlé Purina PetCare was formed in December 2001,<ref name="one">{{cite news|url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1893&dat=20011213&id=viovAAAAIBAJ&pg=1266,6627049%7Cagency=Associated Press|title=Nestle Completes Deal to purchase Ralston Purina|access-date=August 27, 2014|date=December 13, 2001|first=David|last=Scott}}</ref> when Nestlé acquired Ralston Purina for $10.3 billion and merged it with Nestlé's pet food business, Friskies PetCare Company.<ref name="one"/> Ralston had marketed the Dog Chow, Cat Chow and Pro Plan pet food brands, while Nestlé produced Friskies and [[Alpo (pet food)|Alpo]] brand pet foods.<ref name="seven"/> |
|
| | |
|
| ===Early history=== | ===Early history=== | Nestlé Purina Petcare continued integrating the two companies through 2002.<ref>{{cite news|title=Friskies adjusts after merger|newspaper=St. Joseph News-Press|date=March 6, 2002 |first=Greg|last=Kozol|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14658558.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924184754/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14658558.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref> It cut back dry dog food manufacturing at facilities inherited from Friskies PetCare Company in Jefferson, Wisconsin, St. Joseph, Missouri and Arden Hills, Minnesota, then moved those operations to manufacturing facilities acquired from Ralston.<ref>{{cite news|title=Wall Street Probe Expands Past Merrill|newspaper=The Capital Times|date=April 11, 2002|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-84694819.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924164532/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-84694819.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Friskies will close St. Joseph facility; 120 jobs lost|newspaper=St. Joseph News-Press|date=April 9, 2002|access-date=September 1, 2014|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14662043.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924184757/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14662043.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> Expanded manufacturing facilities were planned in [[Dunkirk, New York]]<ref>{{cite news|title=IDA OKs Sales of Land for Nestlé Purina Expansion|newspaper=The Buffalo News|date=February 21, 2002 |first=Norma|last=Braude|access-date=September 1, 2014|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-22455478.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924190708/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-22455478.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> and the St. Joseph location was later expanded for wet-food production.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina PetCare plans $36 million expansion in St. Joe|newspaper=St. Joseph News-Press|date=July 20, 2006|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14712698.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328204309/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14712698.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=March 28, 2015|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref> In Asia it shifted from a "dealer system" to managing its own distribution.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle to scrap Purina unit's dealer network|newspaper=The Nation|date=August 1, 2002|access-date=September 1, 2014|first=Kwanchai|last=Rungfapaisarn|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-54884472.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924181515/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-54884472.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> In 2004, Nestlé Purina merged its North American and Latin America operations into a Nestlé Purina PetCare Americas division.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Consolidates Pet-Products Units in St. Louis.|newspaper=Knight Ridder/Tribune Business News|date=May 1, 2004|access-date=September 1, 2014|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-116099428.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924062735/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-116099428.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> | Nestlé Purina PetCare continued integrating the two companies through 2002.<ref>{{cite news|title=Friskies adjusts after merger|newspaper=St. Joseph News-Press|date=March 6, 2002 |first=Greg|last=Kozol|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14658558.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924184754/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14658558.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref> It cut back dry dog food manufacturing at facilities inherited from Friskies PetCare Company in Jefferson, Wisconsin, St. Joseph, Missouri and Arden Hills, Minnesota, then moved those operations to manufacturing facilities acquired from Ralston.<ref>{{cite news|title=Wall Street Probe Expands Past Merrill|newspaper=The Capital Times|date=April 11, 2002|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-84694819.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924164532/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-84694819.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Friskies will close St. Joseph facility; 120 jobs lost|newspaper=St. Joseph News-Press|date=April 9, 2002|access-date=September 1, 2014|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14662043.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924184757/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14662043.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> Expanded manufacturing facilities were planned in [[Dunkirk, New York]]<ref>{{cite news|title=IDA OKs Sales of Land for Nestlé Purina Expansion|newspaper=The Buffalo News|date=February 21, 2002 |first=Norma|last=Braude|access-date=September 1, 2014|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-22455478.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924190708/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-22455478.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> and the St. Joseph location was later expanded for wet-food production.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina PetCare plans $36 million expansion in St. Joe|newspaper=St. Joseph News-Press|date=July 20, 2006|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14712698.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328204309/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14712698.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=March 28, 2015|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref> In Asia it shifted from a "dealer system" to managing its own distribution.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle to scrap Purina unit's dealer network|newspaper=The Nation|date=August 1, 2002|access-date=September 1, 2014|first=Kwanchai|last=Rungfapaisarn|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-54884472.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924181515/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-54884472.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> In 2004, Nestlé Purina merged its North American and Latin America operations into a Nestlé Purina PetCare Americas division.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Consolidates Pet-Products Units in St. Louis.|newspaper=Knight Ridder/Tribune Business News|date=May 1, 2004|access-date=September 1, 2014|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-116099428.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924062735/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-116099428.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> |
|
| In 2003, Nestlé Purina Petcare formed a partnership with the Canine Health Foundation to advance veterinary research.<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina, CHF announce partnership|newspaper=Feedstuffs|date=March 31, 2003|access-date=September 1, 2014|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-99826944.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924165924/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-99826944.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> The following year the company donated 80 tons of pet food to pets affected by [[Hurricane Charley]] in Florida and donated $100,000 to local animal shelters.<ref name="Turner2007"/> Nestlé Purina Petcare grew from about 11 percent of Nestlé's revenues in 2001, to one-third by 2005.<ref name="djklafhoiunvau"/> By 2006, it was the largest market-share holder in the pet food industry with 32 percent of the market.<ref name="Nestle2008">{{cite book|author=Marion Nestle|title=Pet Food Politics: The Chihuahua in the Coal Mine|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=KgJvbjIHavMC&pg=PA17%7Cdate=August 16, 2008|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-94198-4|pages=17|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> | In 2003, Nestlé Purina PetCare formed a partnership with the Canine Health Foundation to advance veterinary research.<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina, CHF announce partnership|newspaper=Feedstuffs|date=March 31, 2003|access-date=September 1, 2014|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-99826944.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924165924/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-99826944.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> The following year the company donated 80 tons of pet food to pets affected by [[Hurricane Charley]] in Florida and donated $100,000 to local animal shelters.<ref name="Turner2007"/> Nestlé Purina Petcare grew from about 11 percent of Nestlé's revenues in 2001, to one-third by 2005.<ref name="djklafhoiunvau"/> By 2006, it was the largest market-share holder in the pet food industry with 32 percent of the market.<ref name="Nestle2008">{{cite book|author=Marion Nestle|title=Pet Food Politics: The Chihuahua in the Coal Mine|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=KgJvbjIHavMC&pg=PA17%7Cdate=August 16, 2008|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-94198-4|pages=17|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> |
|
| ===Recent history=== | ===Recent history=== | [[File:Nestle Purina's solar farm in Arizona.jpg|thumb|right|Nestlé Purina's solar farm at its plant in Arizona]] | [[File:Nestle Purina's solar farm in Arizona.jpg|thumb|right|Nestlé Purina's solar farm at its plant in Arizona]] |
|
| By 2009, Purina was one of Nestlé's fastest-growing divisions, due to an increasing willingness by consumers to spend more money on petcare.<ref name="bloomberga"/> In 2008, it formed a separate company called PurinaCare with headquarters in San Antonio, Texas that sold pet insurance.<ref>{{cite news|title=PurinaCare Insurance picks San Antonio for corporate headquarters|date=June 9, 2008|url= http://www.bizjournals.com/sanantonio/stories/2008/06/09/daily8.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|newspaper=San Antonio Business Journal}}</ref> PetCare was later acquired by Pethealth Inc. in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pethealth plans to acquire certain assets of PurinaCare|date=May 1, 2013|publisher=DVM360 MAGAZINE|url= http://veterinarynews.dvm360.com/pethealth-plans-acquire-certain-assets-purinacare%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> By 2009 Purina had also introduced pet litter products and built new manufacturing facilities in Russia and Thailand.<ref name="bloomberga">{{cite news|title=Purina Buoys Nestle, Defies Slump as Households Put Pets First|first=Thomas|last=Mulier|date=October 25, 2009|url= https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aPyNCQnXADsE#%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> Its Colorado plant built the largest privately owned solar panel system in the state.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestlé Purina solar-power plant nothing to bark at|newspaper=Denver Business Journal|first=Cathy|last=Proctor|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/uploadedImages/PetfoodIndustry/News/daily67.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In September 2010, Nestlé reached an agreement to acquire Waggin' Train, a producer of pet treats with $200 million in annual revenues.<ref name="alphaoners">{{cite news|title=Nestlé Purina completes Waggin' Train buy, names president|date=September 17, 2010|first=Lisa|last=Brown|url= http://www.stltoday.com/business/nestl-purina-completes-waggin-train-buy-names-president/article_f1ba1356-c27d-11df-900f-00127992bc8b.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref><ref name="alphatwoers">{{cite news|work=Reuters|date=September 10, 2010|title=Nestle to buy U.S. dog food company Waggin' Train|url= https://www.reuters.com/article/nestle-idUSLDE6891RA20100910%7Caccess-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref> | By 2009, Purina was one of Nestlé's fastest-growing divisions, due to an increasing willingness by consumers to spend more money on petCare.<ref name="bloomberga"/> In 2008, it formed a separate company called PurinaCare with headquarters in San Antonio, Texas that sold pet insurance.<ref>{{cite news|title=PurinaCare Insurance picks San Antonio for corporate headquarters|date=June 9, 2008|url= http://www.bizjournals.com/sanantonio/stories/2008/06/09/daily8.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|newspaper=San Antonio Business Journal}}</ref> PetCare was later acquired by Pethealth Inc. in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pethealth plans to acquire certain assets of PurinaCare|date=May 1, 2013|publisher=DVM360 MAGAZINE|url= http://veterinarynews.dvm360.com/pethealth-plans-acquire-certain-assets-purinacare%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> By 2009 Purina had also introduced pet litter products and built new manufacturing facilities in Russia and Thailand.<ref name="bloomberga">{{cite news|title=Purina Buoys Nestle, Defies Slump as Households Put Pets First|first=Thomas|last=Mulier|date=October 25, 2009|url= https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aPyNCQnXADsE#%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> Its Colorado plant built the largest privately owned solar panel system in the state.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestlé Purina solar-power plant nothing to bark at|newspaper=Denver Business Journal|first=Cathy|last=Proctor|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/uploadedImages/PetfoodIndustry/News/daily67.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In September 2010, Nestlé reached an agreement to acquire Waggin' Train, a producer of pet treats with $200 million in annual revenues.<ref name="alphaoners">{{cite news|title=Nestlé Purina completes Waggin' Train buy, names president|date=September 17, 2010|first=Lisa|last=Brown|url= http://www.stltoday.com/business/nestl-purina-completes-waggin-train-buy-names-president/article_f1ba1356-c27d-11df-900f-00127992bc8b.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref><ref name="alphatwoers">{{cite news|work=Reuters|date=September 10, 2010|title=Nestle to buy U.S. dog food company Waggin' Train|url= https://www.reuters.com/article/nestle-idUSLDE6891RA20100910%7Caccess-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref> |
|
| In 2013, Nestlé Purina Petcare acquired the pet adoption website Petfinder.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina to purchase Petfinder|first=Jim|last=Salter|date=June 5, 2013|access-date=September 1, 2014|url= https://news.yahoo.com/nestle-purina-purchase-petfinder-194342411.html%7Cpublisher=Associated Press}}</ref> The following year it acquired Zuke's, a producer of cat and dog treats.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina Completes Purchase of Pet-Treat Marketer Zuke's|first1=Lauren|last1=Coleman-Lochner|first2=Matthew|last2=Boyle|date=January 15, 2014|url= http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-01-15/nestle-purina-completes-purchase-of-pet-treat-marketer-zuke-s%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005355/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-01-15/nestle-purina-completes-purchase-of-pet-treat-marketer-zuke-s%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> From 2010 to 2012, Nestlé expanded its manufacturing operations in Australia, Hungary and Germany. It also implemented the company's largest solar panel farm at its facilities in Atlanta, Georgia.<ref name="eleventwelve">{{cite news|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/NestlePurinaPetCare.html%7Ctitle=Nestlé Purina PetCare|publisher=WATT PetFood Industry|access-date=September 3, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle starts production at expanded west Hungary unit|newspaper=Regional Today|date=April 11, 2013|url= http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/91576559/nestle-starts-production-expanded-west-hungary-unit%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214134608/http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/91576559/nestle-starts-production-expanded-west-hungary-unit%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=December 14, 2014|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Budapest Business Journal|title=Nestlé Hungária begins production at new HUF 10bln plant in Western Hungary|date=July 7, 2011|url= http://www.bbj.hu/business/nestle-hungaria-begins-production-at-new-huf-10bln-plant-in-western-hungary-_58763%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In April 2014, Nestlé Purina PetCare opened the first [[cat café]] in the US.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Nation's First Cat Cafe Comes to New York|first=Belinda|last=Lanks|date=April 25, 2014|url= http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-04-25/the-nations-first-cat-cafe-comes-to-new-york%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426112334/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-04-25/the-nations-first-cat-cafe-comes-to-new-york%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=April 26, 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina Sued Over Dog Treats Owner Says Are Deadly|first=Andrew |last=Harris|date=April 19, 2012|url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-04-19/nestle-unit-faces-dog-owner-lawsuit-over-allegedly-toxic-treats.html%7Cpublisher=Bloomberg%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> | In 2013, Nestlé Purina PetCare acquired the pet adoption website Petfinder.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina to purchase Petfinder|first=Jim|last=Salter|date=June 5, 2013|access-date=September 1, 2014|url= https://news.yahoo.com/nestle-purina-purchase-petfinder-194342411.html%7Cpublisher=Associated Press}}</ref> The following year it acquired Zuke's, a producer of cat and dog treats.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina Completes Purchase of Pet-Treat Marketer Zuke's|first1=Lauren|last1=Coleman-Lochner|first2=Matthew|last2=Boyle|date=January 15, 2014|url= http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-01-15/nestle-purina-completes-purchase-of-pet-treat-marketer-zuke-s%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005355/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-01-15/nestle-purina-completes-purchase-of-pet-treat-marketer-zuke-s%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> From 2010 to 2012, Nestlé expanded its manufacturing operations in Australia, Hungary and Germany. It also implemented the company's largest solar panel farm at its facilities in Atlanta, Georgia.<ref name="eleventwelve">{{cite news|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/NestlePurinaPetCare.html%7Ctitle=Nestlé Purina PetCare|publisher=WATT PetFood Industry|access-date=September 3, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle starts production at expanded west Hungary unit|newspaper=Regional Today|date=April 11, 2013|url= http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/91576559/nestle-starts-production-expanded-west-hungary-unit%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214134608/http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/91576559/nestle-starts-production-expanded-west-hungary-unit%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=December 14, 2014|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Budapest Business Journal|title=Nestlé Hungária begins production at new HUF 10bln plant in Western Hungary|date=July 7, 2011|url= http://www.bbj.hu/business/nestle-hungaria-begins-production-at-new-huf-10bln-plant-in-western-hungary-_58763%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In April 2014, Nestlé Purina PetCare opened the first [[cat café]] in the US.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Nation's First Cat Cafe Comes to New York|first=Belinda|last=Lanks|date=April 25, 2014|url= http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-04-25/the-nations-first-cat-cafe-comes-to-new-york%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426112334/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-04-25/the-nations-first-cat-cafe-comes-to-new-york%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=April 26, 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina Sued Over Dog Treats Owner Says Are Deadly|first=Andrew |last=Harris|date=April 19, 2012|url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-04-19/nestle-unit-faces-dog-owner-lawsuit-over-allegedly-toxic-treats.html%7Cpublisher=Bloomberg%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> |
|
| | | | Line 62: | Line 62: | | |
|
| | |
|
| | |
|
| ===Legal issues=== | ===Legal issues=== | In May 2014, Nestlé Purina Petcare began a legal dispute with Blue Buffalo regarding its advertising practices. Blue Buffalo advertised that its products contain no meat byproduct or corn, whereas Purina said independent lab tests confirmed that they do.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina sues over pet food competitor claims|first=Jim|last=Salter|date=May 6, 2014|url= http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2014-05-06/nestle-purina-sues-over-pet-food-competitor-claims%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005336/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2014-05-06/nestle-purina-sues-over-pet-food-competitor-claims%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014|agency=Associated Press|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> Blue Buffalo made similar allegations against Purina in a counter-suit less than a week later.<ref>{{cite news|title=Legal battle over pet food ingredients escalates|date=May 14, 2014|url= http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2014-05-14/legal-battle-over-pet-food-ingredients-escalates%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005346/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2014-05-14/legal-battle-over-pet-food-ingredients-escalates%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek|agency=Associated Press|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> It also alleged Purina was engaging in what it characterized as a "smear campaign".<ref name="bwone"/> The National Advertising Review Board and the [[Advertising Self-Regulatory Council]] found that Blue Buffalo's advertising was misleading and its claims that competitors were hiding information about their ingredients were unsubstantiated.<ref name="bwone">{{cite news|title=Dog Food Fight! Purina Says Blue Buffalo Is 'Built on Lies'|first=Paul|last=Barrett|date=July 24, 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek|url= http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-07-24/blue-buffalo-vs-dot-purina-in-dog-food-fight-over-nutrition-claims%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726051806/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-07-24/blue-buffalo-vs-dot-purina-in-dog-food-fight-over-nutrition-claims%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=July 26, 2014|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref><ref name="seventyone"/> Blue Buffalo said it disagreed, but would obey the ruling.<ref name="seventyone">{{cite news|title=Pet Food Fight: Ad Industry Review Board Smacks Blue Buffalo|first=Paul|last=Barrett|date=August 26, 2014|url= http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-08-26/pet-food-fight-ad-industry-review-board-sides-against-blue-buffalo%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826174338/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-08-26/pet-food-fight-ad-industry-review-board-sides-against-blue-buffalo%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=August 26, 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> | In May 2014, Nestlé Purina PetCare began a legal dispute with Blue Buffalo regarding its advertising practices. Blue Buffalo advertised that its products contain no meat byproduct or corn, whereas Purina said independent lab tests confirmed that they do.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina sues over pet food competitor claims|first=Jim|last=Salter|date=May 6, 2014|url= http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2014-05-06/nestle-purina-sues-over-pet-food-competitor-claims%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005336/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2014-05-06/nestle-purina-sues-over-pet-food-competitor-claims%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014|agency=Associated Press|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> Blue Buffalo made similar allegations against Purina in a counter-suit less than a week later.<ref>{{cite news|title=Legal battle over pet food ingredients escalates|date=May 14, 2014|url= http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2014-05-14/legal-battle-over-pet-food-ingredients-escalates%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005346/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2014-05-14/legal-battle-over-pet-food-ingredients-escalates%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek|agency=Associated Press|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> It also alleged Purina was engaging in what it characterized as a "smear campaign".<ref name="bwone"/> The National Advertising Review Board and the [[Advertising Self-Regulatory Council]] found that Blue Buffalo's advertising was misleading and its claims that competitors were hiding information about their ingredients were unsubstantiated.<ref name="bwone">{{cite news|title=Dog Food Fight! Purina Says Blue Buffalo Is 'Built on Lies'|first=Paul|last=Barrett|date=July 24, 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek|url= http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-07-24/blue-buffalo-vs-dot-purina-in-dog-food-fight-over-nutrition-claims%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726051806/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-07-24/blue-buffalo-vs-dot-purina-in-dog-food-fight-over-nutrition-claims%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=July 26, 2014|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref><ref name="seventyone"/> Blue Buffalo said it disagreed, but would obey the ruling.<ref name="seventyone">{{cite news|title=Pet Food Fight: Ad Industry Review Board Smacks Blue Buffalo|first=Paul|last=Barrett|date=August 26, 2014|url= http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-08-26/pet-food-fight-ad-industry-review-board-sides-against-blue-buffalo%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826174338/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-08-26/pet-food-fight-ad-industry-review-board-sides-against-blue-buffalo%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=August 26, 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> |
|
| | | | Line 78: | Line 78: | In 2005, Nestlé Purina Petcare voluntarily recalled all of its dry pet food produced from a plant in La Encrucijada, Venezuela after an internal investigation verified contaminants that were causing illnesses in pets.<ref name="djklafhoiunvau">{{cite news|title=Purina PetCare recalls pet food made in Venezuela|newspaper=St Louis Post-Dispatch|date=February 20, 2005|first=Mary Jo|last=Feldstein|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-129027888.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924124245/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-129027888.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> According to Fortune Magazine, in 2007 the pet food market "plunged into turmoil" due to the widespread discovery of contaminated ingredients.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pet food wars: David v. Goliath edition|first=Elizabeth|last=Olson|date=May 28, 2014|url= http://fortune.com/2014/05/28/pet-food-wars-david-v-goliath-edition/%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> During this period, Nestle Purina voluntarily recalled some of its Alpo Prime Cuts in Gravy product<ref>{{cite news|url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=20070318&id=8PRYAAAAIBAJ&pg=6779,4063448%7Cfirst=Matthew%7Clast=Verrinder%7Caccess-date=August 27, 2014|agency=Associated Press|title=dog, cat owners worry over recall of food brands}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1908&dat=20070401&id=OwYxAAAAIBAJ&pg=4080,21010%7Cfirst=Andrew%7Clast=Bridges%7Cagency=Associated Press|access-date=August 27, 2014|title=Pet food recall grows to include first dry products}}</ref> in the US that contained wheat gluten from China contaminated with [[melamine]].<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.ctvnews.ca/contaminated-pet-food-recall-once-again-expands-1.235536%7Ctitle=Contaminated pet food recall once again expands|publisher=CTV News|date=November 5, 2007 |last=Dilworth|first=Dianna|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref> | In 2005, Nestlé Purina Petcare voluntarily recalled all of its dry pet food produced from a plant in La Encrucijada, Venezuela after an internal investigation verified contaminants that were causing illnesses in pets.<ref name="djklafhoiunvau">{{cite news|title=Purina PetCare recalls pet food made in Venezuela|newspaper=St Louis Post-Dispatch|date=February 20, 2005|first=Mary Jo|last=Feldstein|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-129027888.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924124245/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-129027888.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> According to Fortune Magazine, in 2007 the pet food market "plunged into turmoil" due to the widespread discovery of contaminated ingredients.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pet food wars: David v. Goliath edition|first=Elizabeth|last=Olson|date=May 28, 2014|url= http://fortune.com/2014/05/28/pet-food-wars-david-v-goliath-edition/%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> During this period, Nestle Purina voluntarily recalled some of its Alpo Prime Cuts in Gravy product<ref>{{cite news|url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=20070318&id=8PRYAAAAIBAJ&pg=6779,4063448%7Cfirst=Matthew%7Clast=Verrinder%7Caccess-date=August 27, 2014|agency=Associated Press|title=dog, cat owners worry over recall of food brands}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1908&dat=20070401&id=OwYxAAAAIBAJ&pg=4080,21010%7Cfirst=Andrew%7Clast=Bridges%7Cagency=Associated Press|access-date=August 27, 2014|title=Pet food recall grows to include first dry products}}</ref> in the US that contained wheat gluten from China contaminated with [[melamine]].<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.ctvnews.ca/contaminated-pet-food-recall-once-again-expands-1.235536%7Ctitle=Contaminated pet food recall once again expands|publisher=CTV News|date=November 5, 2007 |last=Dilworth|first=Dianna|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref> |
|
| In August 2013 Purina recalled some of its Purina ONE Beyond dog food, because of one bag that was found to contain [[salmonella]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina recalls some dog food for salmonella risk|date=August 30, 2013|url= http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-08-30/purina-recalls-some-dog-food-for-salmonella-risk%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005346/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-08-30/purina-recalls-some-dog-food-for-salmonella-risk%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014|access-date=September 2, 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek}}</ref> In 2012 a consumer sued Nestlé Purina Petcare when his pet died after eating Waggin' Train treats.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nestle Purina Sued Over Dog Treats Owner Says Are Deadly|first=Andrew|last=Harris|date=April 19, 2012|url= http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-04-19/nestle-unit-faces-dog-owner-lawsuit-over-allegedly-toxic-treats%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428092944/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-04-19/nestle-unit-faces-dog-owner-lawsuit-over-allegedly-toxic-treats%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=April 28, 2012|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> The [[Food and Drug Administration]] received more than 900 reports from grieving pet owners that alleged the treat was causing illness or death in their pets due to chicken products from China.<ref name="dafoboruebva"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Chinese Pet Treats Linked to 900 Dog Deaths, Illnesses|date=May 23, 2012|first=Cindy|last=Galli|publisher=ABC News|url= https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/chinese-pet-treats-linked-900-dog-deaths-illnesses/story?id=16414600%7Caccess-date=October 2, 2014}}</ref> The FDA had issued warnings regarding these ingredients, but lab tests repeatedly confirmed there were no contaminants. Later that year, another consumer started a petition on Change.org asking retailers to voluntarily stop carrying the product. The petition attracted 60,000 signatures.<ref name="dafoboruebva">{{cite news|title=Grieving pet owners take jerky treat fight to the stores|date=September 27, 2012|url= http://vitals.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/09/27/14114813-grieving-pet-owners-take-jerky-treat-fight-to-the-stores%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=ABC News}}</ref> The following year, Waggin' Train and Canyon Creek dog treats were voluntarily taken off the market temporarily after the [[New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets]] identified trace amounts of antibiotic residue, which is allowed in Europe and China, but not approved in the US.<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina, Milo's Kitchen pulling some dog treats|date=January 9, 2013|url= http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-01-09/purina-taking-some-jerky-dog-treats-off-market%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005317/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-01-09/purina-taking-some-jerky-dog-treats-off-market%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014|agency=Associated Press|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In early-2014, a $6.5 million settlement was reached, pending approval by the court.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jerky Pet Treat Deal: Makers Agree to $6.5 Million Fund|first=Jonel|last=Aleccia|url= https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/jerky-pet-treat-deal-makers-agree-6-5-million-fund-n119021%7Cdate=May 30, 2014|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> According to The Washington Post, the company later re-introduced the brands after "revamping its manufacturing process and overhauling its supply chain".<ref>{{cite news|title=Chasing the toxic culprit|first=Dennis|last=Brady|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=March 29, 2014|page=A.1}}</ref> | In August 2013 Purina recalled some of its Purina ONE Beyond dog food, because of one bag that was found to contain [[salmonella]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina recalls some dog food for salmonella risk|date=August 30, 2013|url= http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-08-30/purina-recalls-some-dog-food-for-salmonella-risk%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005346/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-08-30/purina-recalls-some-dog-food-for-salmonella-risk%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014|access-date=September 2, 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek}}</ref> In 2012 a consumer sued Nestlé Purina PetCare when his pet died after eating Waggin' Train treats.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nestle Purina Sued Over Dog Treats Owner Says Are Deadly|first=Andrew|last=Harris|date=April 19, 2012|url= http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-04-19/nestle-unit-faces-dog-owner-lawsuit-over-allegedly-toxic-treats%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428092944/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-04-19/nestle-unit-faces-dog-owner-lawsuit-over-allegedly-toxic-treats%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=April 28, 2012|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> The [[Food and Drug Administration]] received more than 900 reports from grieving pet owners that alleged the treat was causing illness or death in their pets due to chicken products from China.<ref name="dafoboruebva"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Chinese Pet Treats Linked to 900 Dog Deaths, Illnesses|date=May 23, 2012|first=Cindy|last=Galli|publisher=ABC News|url= https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/chinese-pet-treats-linked-900-dog-deaths-illnesses/story?id=16414600%7Caccess-date=October 2, 2014}}</ref> The FDA had issued warnings regarding these ingredients, but lab tests repeatedly confirmed there were no contaminants. Later that year, another consumer started a petition on Change.org asking retailers to voluntarily stop carrying the product. The petition attracted 60,000 signatures.<ref name="dafoboruebva">{{cite news|title=Grieving pet owners take jerky treat fight to the stores|date=September 27, 2012|url= http://vitals.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/09/27/14114813-grieving-pet-owners-take-jerky-treat-fight-to-the-stores%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=ABC News}}</ref> The following year, Waggin' Train and Canyon Creek dog treats were voluntarily taken off the market temporarily after the [[New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets]] identified trace amounts of antibiotic residue, which is allowed in Europe and China, but not approved in the US.<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina, Milo's Kitchen pulling some dog treats|date=January 9, 2013|url= http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-01-09/purina-taking-some-jerky-dog-treats-off-market%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005317/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-01-09/purina-taking-some-jerky-dog-treats-off-market%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014|agency=Associated Press|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In early-2014, a $6.5 million settlement was reached, pending approval by the court.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jerky Pet Treat Deal: Makers Agree to $6.5 Million Fund|first=Jonel|last=Aleccia|url= https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/jerky-pet-treat-deal-makers-agree-6-5-million-fund-n119021%7Cdate=May 30, 2014|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> According to The Washington Post, the company later re-introduced the brands after "revamping its manufacturing process and overhauling its supply chain".<ref>{{cite news|title=Chasing the toxic culprit|first=Dennis|last=Brady|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=March 29, 2014|page=A.1}}</ref> |
|
| ==Products and services== | ==Products and services== | According to a [[SWOT analysis]] by MarketLine, Nestlé Purina Petcare's pet food brands that contribute substantially to revenue include Purina, Purina Dog Chow, Friskies, Purina Beneful and Purina ONE.<ref name="swot">{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina PetCare Company SWOT Analysis|date=June 2013|publisher=MarketLine}}</ref> Some brands, such as Alpo are intended for budget shoppers, while others like Purina ONE and Beneful cost more and are for health or ingredient conscious consumers.<ref name="danfkljd"/> [[Purina ONE]] has been its fastest-growing brand.<ref name="Turner2007">{{cite book|author=Tyya Turner|title=Vault Guide to the Top Consumer Products Employers|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=aT59Q0J1QV0C&pg=PA261%7Cdate=July 2007|publisher=Vault Inc.|isbn=978-1-58131-404-5|pages=261}}</ref> | According to a [[SWOT analysis]] by MarketLine, Nestlé Purina PetCare's pet food brands that contribute substantially to revenue include Purina, Purina Dog Chow, Friskies, Purina Beneful and Purina ONE.<ref name="swot">{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina PetCare Company SWOT Analysis|date=June 2013|publisher=MarketLine}}</ref> Some brands, such as Alpo are intended for budget shoppers, while others like Purina ONE and Beneful cost more and are for health or ingredient conscious consumers.<ref name="danfkljd"/> [[Purina ONE]] has been its fastest-growing brand.<ref name="Turner2007">{{cite book|author=Tyya Turner|title=Vault Guide to the Top Consumer Products Employers|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=aT59Q0J1QV0C&pg=PA261%7Cdate=July 2007|publisher=Vault Inc.|isbn=978-1-58131-404-5|pages=261}}</ref> |
|
| The company introduced an appetizer cat food, Fancy Feast Appetizers, in 2009.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fancy Feast treats make Nestle Purina the cats' meow|date=July 18, 2010|first=Lisa|last=Brown|newspaper=St. Louis Dispatch|url= http://www.stltoday.com/business/fancy-feast-treats-make-nestle-purina-the-cats-meow/article_3474ab27-18dd-59d3-9d75-a151a654a5c3.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> A Purina Pro Plan line for senior dogs was introduced in 2010. It contains medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) for brain function and has whole grains for digestion.<ref name="bloomberga"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Scientists claim you can teach an old dog new tricks if you feed them right|first=Richard|last=Alleyne|date=June 1, 2010|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/uploadedImages/PetfoodIndustry/News/Scientists-claim-you-can-teach-an-old-dog-new-tricks-if-you-feed-them-right.html%7Cwork=The Telegraph|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> A grain-free product, Purina ONE Beyond, was introduced in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle offers healthier Stouffer's meals|date=October 23, 2010|url= http://www.stltoday.com/business/nestle-offers-healthier-stouffer-s-meals/article_3ae0936b-7ca7-5d41-b9b3-d3cda2fa14d4.html%7Cagency=Associated Press|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> Purina Pro Plan Sport, which contains extra fat and protein and is intended for athletic dogs, was made available in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle's Purina Targets Fitness Fans With New Dog Food Offering|first=Paul|last=Jarvis|date=January 11, 2013|url= http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-01-11/nestle-s-purina-targets-fitness-fans-with-new-dog-food-offering%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718154518/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-01-11/nestle-s-purina-targets-fitness-fans-with-new-dog-food-offering%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=July 18, 2013|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek}}</ref> In 2014, Purina introduced a product for the growing Brazilian market called Ravena, which used locally available ingredients, such as acerola and jabuticaba fruits.<ref>{{cite news|title=Growl From Ipanema Lures Purina to Largest Dog Population|first=Matthew|last=Boyle|date=May 29, 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek|url= http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-05-28/growl-from-ipanema-lures-purina-to-largest-dog-population%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005320/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-05-28/growl-from-ipanema-lures-purina-to-largest-dog-population%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014}}</ref> Purina-branded accessories, such as training pads, beds, leashes and cleaners began being sold in 2011 under the Purina PetGear name through brand licensing agreements with other manufacturers.<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina Pet Gear Products Launch At Walmart, Others|first=Tanya|last=Irwin|date=July 29, 2011|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/154814/purina-pet-gear-products-launch-at-walmart-others.html%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nestlé Purina Gets Pets in Gear By Becky Ebenkamp|date=June 17, 2009|newspaper=Adweek|url= http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising-branding/nestl-purina-gets-pets-gear-105960%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> | The company introduced an appetizer cat food, Fancy Feast Appetizers, in 2009.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fancy Feast treats make Nestle Purina the cats' meow|date=July 18, 2010|first=Lisa|last=Brown|newspaper=St. Louis Dispatch|url= http://www.stltoday.com/business/fancy-feast-treats-make-nestle-purina-the-cats-meow/article_3474ab27-18dd-59d3-9d75-a151a654a5c3.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> A Purina Pro Plan line for senior dogs was introduced in 2010. It contains medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) for brain function and has whole grains for digestion.<ref name="bloomberga"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Scientists claim you can teach an old dog new tricks if you feed them right|first=Richard|last=Alleyne|date=June 1, 2010|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/uploadedImages/PetfoodIndustry/News/Scientists-claim-you-can-teach-an-old-dog-new-tricks-if-you-feed-them-right.html%7Cwork=The Telegraph|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> A grain-free product, Purina ONE Beyond, was introduced in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle offers healthier Stouffer's meals|date=October 23, 2010|url= http://www.stltoday.com/business/nestle-offers-healthier-stouffer-s-meals/article_3ae0936b-7ca7-5d41-b9b3-d3cda2fa14d4.html%7Cagency=Associated Press|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> Purina Pro Plan Sport, which contains extra fat and protein and is intended for athletic dogs, was made available in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle's Purina Targets Fitness Fans With New Dog Food Offering|first=Paul|last=Jarvis|date=January 11, 2013|url= http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-01-11/nestle-s-purina-targets-fitness-fans-with-new-dog-food-offering%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718154518/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-01-11/nestle-s-purina-targets-fitness-fans-with-new-dog-food-offering%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=July 18, 2013|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek}}</ref> In 2014, Purina introduced a product for the growing Brazilian market called Ravena, which used locally available ingredients, such as acerola and jabuticaba fruits.<ref>{{cite news|title=Growl From Ipanema Lures Purina to Largest Dog Population|first=Matthew|last=Boyle|date=May 29, 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek|url= http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-05-28/growl-from-ipanema-lures-purina-to-largest-dog-population%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005320/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-05-28/growl-from-ipanema-lures-purina-to-largest-dog-population%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014}}</ref> Purina-branded accessories, such as training pads, beds, leashes and cleaners began being sold in 2011 under the Purina PetGear name through brand licensing agreements with other manufacturers.<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina Pet Gear Products Launch At Walmart, Others|first=Tanya|last=Irwin|date=July 29, 2011|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/154814/purina-pet-gear-products-launch-at-walmart-others.html%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nestlé Purina Gets Pets in Gear By Becky Ebenkamp|date=June 17, 2009|newspaper=Adweek|url= http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising-branding/nestl-purina-gets-pets-gear-105960%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> | | Line 125: | Line 125: | In 2006, Nestlé Purina Petcare introduced a sponsored email application, Doggie-Mail, that could send messages online through a talking dog.<ref>{{cite news|title=A Letter From Three Dogs?|first=Stuart|last=Elliott|date=December 4, 2006|newspaper=The New York Times|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/04/business/media/04adco_column.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Ar%2C%7B%221%22%3A%22RI%3A8%22%7D&_r=0%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2009, it sponsored the PawNation.com site developed by [[AOL]], which hosted crowd-sourced pet videos, tips, Q&As and other content about pet ownership.<ref>{{cite news|title=AOL Launches Pets Site|date=May 18, 2009|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/106199/aol-launches-pets-site.html?edition=%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> Purina also sponsored [[Martha Stewart]]'s pet tips site, Living Omnimedia.<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina Backs Martha Stewart Pet Site|date=March 16, 2009|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/102248/purina-backs-martha-stewart-pet-site.html%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> The company introduced an advertising campaign for the Alpo brand with the slogan "Real dogs eat meat". In the ad, over-pampered pets were "rescued" and fed Alpo, implying that pets needed to stay in touch with their primal nature by eating real meat.<ref>{{cite news|title=Market Report: The dogness effect|date=June 8, 2009|newspaper=Watt Petfood Industry|access-date=September 2, 2014|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Market_Report__The_dogness_effect.html}}</ref> In 2009, it released a free [[iPhone app]] called "petcentric places" that allows users to map local pet-related locations, like dog parks or [[pet-friendly hotels]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina mobile initiative aims to pamper pets|first=Chris|last=Harnick|date=September 1, 2009|url= http://www.mobilemarketer.com/cms/news/advertising/4073.html%7Cpublisher=Mobile Marketer|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2010, Purina released a branded Facebook game called Purina Pet Resort, where players manage a virtual pet resort.<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina Debuts Facebook Pet Resort Game|first=Karlene|last=Lukovitz|date=August 16, 2010|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/133865/purina-debuts-facebook-pet-resort-game.html%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> | In 2006, Nestlé Purina Petcare introduced a sponsored email application, Doggie-Mail, that could send messages online through a talking dog.<ref>{{cite news|title=A Letter From Three Dogs?|first=Stuart|last=Elliott|date=December 4, 2006|newspaper=The New York Times|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/04/business/media/04adco_column.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Ar%2C%7B%221%22%3A%22RI%3A8%22%7D&_r=0%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2009, it sponsored the PawNation.com site developed by [[AOL]], which hosted crowd-sourced pet videos, tips, Q&As and other content about pet ownership.<ref>{{cite news|title=AOL Launches Pets Site|date=May 18, 2009|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/106199/aol-launches-pets-site.html?edition=%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> Purina also sponsored [[Martha Stewart]]'s pet tips site, Living Omnimedia.<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina Backs Martha Stewart Pet Site|date=March 16, 2009|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/102248/purina-backs-martha-stewart-pet-site.html%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> The company introduced an advertising campaign for the Alpo brand with the slogan "Real dogs eat meat". In the ad, over-pampered pets were "rescued" and fed Alpo, implying that pets needed to stay in touch with their primal nature by eating real meat.<ref>{{cite news|title=Market Report: The dogness effect|date=June 8, 2009|newspaper=Watt Petfood Industry|access-date=September 2, 2014|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Market_Report__The_dogness_effect.html}}</ref> In 2009, it released a free [[iPhone app]] called "petcentric places" that allows users to map local pet-related locations, like dog parks or [[pet-friendly hotels]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina mobile initiative aims to pamper pets|first=Chris|last=Harnick|date=September 1, 2009|url= http://www.mobilemarketer.com/cms/news/advertising/4073.html%7Cpublisher=Mobile Marketer|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2010, Purina released a branded Facebook game called Purina Pet Resort, where players manage a virtual pet resort.<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina Debuts Facebook Pet Resort Game|first=Karlene|last=Lukovitz|date=August 16, 2010|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/133865/purina-debuts-facebook-pet-resort-game.html%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> |
|
| In 2011, Nestlé Purina Petcare became the official sponsor of the [[Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show|Westminster show]] hosted by the [[American Kennel Club]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestlé Purina nabs Westminster Kennel Club sponsorship|date=June 7, 2011|first=Lisa|last=Brown|access-date=September 2, 2014|url= http://www.stltoday.com/business/columns/lisa-brown/nestl-purina-nabs-westminster-kennel-club-sponsorship/article_68dd45ec-9119-11e0-8510-001a4bcf6878.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch}}</ref> The company introduced a competition for pet owners to win a part-time job earning $50,000 annually to travel with their cat, interview other pet owners and write for the Purina website.<ref>{{cite news|title=Have a cat? Want $50,000 to travel?|first=Kitty|last=Yancey|newspaper=USA Today|date=March 4, 2011|url= http://travel.usatoday.com/destinations/dispatches/post/2011/03/have-a-cat-want-50000-to-travel-/146142/1%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Purina finalists vie at cat callbacks|date=May 8, 2011|first=Lisa|last=Brown|url= http://www.stltoday.com/business/local/purina-finalists-vie-at-cat-callbacks/article_f4d9eff8-95d1-51dd-a5f7-e1112a00fa96.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch}}</ref> Nestle Purina also produced television advertisements intended for Austria that had audio effects only pets could hear.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2011 |title=Nestlé lance la première publicité pour chien |url= https://www.lexpress.fr/societe/nestle-lance-la-premiere-publicite-pour-chien_1036883.html |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=L'Express}}</ref> It was the first set of advertisements targeting pets directly, rather than their owners.<ref>{{cite news|title=St. Joseph tied to ad aimed at dogs|newspaper=St. Joseph News-Press|date=September 30, 2011 | first=Greg |last=Kozol|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-29780859.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924192211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-29780859.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref> | In 2011, Nestlé Purina PetCare became the official sponsor of the [[Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show|Westminster show]] hosted by the [[American Kennel Club]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestlé Purina nabs Westminster Kennel Club sponsorship|date=June 7, 2011|first=Lisa|last=Brown|access-date=September 2, 2014|url= http://www.stltoday.com/business/columns/lisa-brown/nestl-purina-nabs-westminster-kennel-club-sponsorship/article_68dd45ec-9119-11e0-8510-001a4bcf6878.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch}}</ref> The company introduced a competition for pet owners to win a part-time job earning $50,000 annually to travel with their cat, interview other pet owners and write for the Purina website.<ref>{{cite news|title=Have a cat? Want $50,000 to travel?|first=Kitty|last=Yancey|newspaper=USA Today|date=March 4, 2011|url= http://travel.usatoday.com/destinations/dispatches/post/2011/03/have-a-cat-want-50000-to-travel-/146142/1%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Purina finalists vie at cat callbacks|date=May 8, 2011|first=Lisa|last=Brown|url= http://www.stltoday.com/business/local/purina-finalists-vie-at-cat-callbacks/article_f4d9eff8-95d1-51dd-a5f7-e1112a00fa96.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch}}</ref> Nestle Purina also produced television advertisements intended for Austria that had audio effects only pets could hear.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2011 |title=Nestlé lance la première publicité pour chien |url= https://www.lexpress.fr/societe/nestle-lance-la-premiere-publicite-pour-chien_1036883.html |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=L'Express}}</ref> It was the first set of advertisements targeting pets directly, rather than their owners.<ref>{{cite news|title=St. Joseph tied to ad aimed at dogs|newspaper=St. Joseph News-Press|date=September 30, 2011 | first=Greg |last=Kozol|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-29780859.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924192211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-29780859.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref> |
|
| In 2012, Purina and another Nestlé business, [[Jenny Craig]], jointly created "Project: Pet Slim Down", an online program intended to help pets and pet owners lose weight together.<ref>{{cite news|title=Project: Pet Slim Down, Nestle-Jenny Craig Joint Venture, Aims To Help Pets And Owners Lose Weight|agency=Reuters|date=January 9, 2012|url= http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/09/project-pet-slim-down_n_1193789.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> [[Grumpy Cat]] became a "spokescat" for the Friskies brand in late-2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cheer up, Grumpy Cat: You have an endorsement deal|first=Jim|last=Salter|date=September 17, 2013|url= http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-09-17/cheer-up-grumpy-cat-you-have-an-endorsement-deal%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005317/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-09-17/cheer-up-grumpy-cat-you-have-an-endorsement-deal%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014|agency=Associated Press|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2013, Purina featured ads during the Westminster Show that featured crowd-sourced videos submitted to Purina in response to the question "How is Your Dog Great?"<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina Debuts Spot During Westminster Show|first=Tanya|last=Irwin|date=February 12, 2013|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/193287/purina-debuts-spot-during-westminster-show.html%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> | In 2012, Purina and another Nestlé business, [[Jenny Craig]], jointly created "Project: Pet Slim Down", an online program intended to help pets and pet owners lose weight together.<ref>{{cite news|title=Project: Pet Slim Down, Nestle-Jenny Craig Joint Venture, Aims To Help Pets And Owners Lose Weight|agency=Reuters|date=January 9, 2012|url= http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/09/project-pet-slim-down_n_1193789.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> [[Grumpy Cat]] became a "spokescat" for the Friskies brand in late-2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cheer up, Grumpy Cat: You have an endorsement deal|first=Jim|last=Salter|date=September 17, 2013|url= http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-09-17/cheer-up-grumpy-cat-you-have-an-endorsement-deal%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005317/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-09-17/cheer-up-grumpy-cat-you-have-an-endorsement-deal%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014|agency=Associated Press|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2013, Purina featured ads during the Westminster Show that featured crowd-sourced videos submitted to Purina in response to the question "How is Your Dog Great?"<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina Debuts Spot During Westminster Show|first=Tanya|last=Irwin|date=February 12, 2013|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/193287/purina-debuts-spot-during-westminster-show.html%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> | | Line 132: | Line 132: |
|
| === Headquarters === | === Headquarters === | Nestlé Purina Petcare is operated as a subsidiary of Nestlé. It is headquartered in St Louis, Missouri and has operations in North America, Asia, Africa, Europe, Latin America and Oceania.<ref name="swot" /> There are sixteen buildings on 50 acres at its headquarters,<ref name="bwone" />{{RP|3}} including a 15-story main tower,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Nestlé Purina Careers {{!}} 360° St. Louis Campus Tour – YouTube|url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhuPBfWvy3g%7Caccess-date=2020-08-25%7Cwebsite=www.youtube.com}}</ref> four-story [[Research and development|research facility]] built in 2010<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina plans 'cat hotel'|newspaper=St. Joseph News-Press|date=August 5, 2010 | first=Ray|last=Scherer|access-date=September 1, 2014|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-25468071.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924191606/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-25468071.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> and a Learning and Training center built in 2011.<ref name="bestplacetowork">{{cite news|title=Nestlé Purina PetCare – Best Places to Work Winner: Large Companies|url= http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/print-edition/2013/03/15/nestle-purina-petcare---best-places-to.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Business Journal|access-date=September 2, 2014|date=March 15, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nestlé Purina PetCare to build $15M addition to HQ|date=July 15, 2010|url= http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/stories/2010/07/12/daily55.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Business Journal|first=Kelsey|last=Volkmann|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2010, Purina built the $10 million Purina Event Center for dog shows and competitions.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1A1-D9HM82F80.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924041704/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1A1-D9HM82F80.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015|agency=Associated Press|title=Purina center launch aided by top dogs|date=August 19, 2010|access-date=September 1, 2014|first=Jim|last=Salter}}</ref> Nestlé Purina Petcare sponsors various charitable activities,<ref name="Turner2007" /> such as the Pet Care Pride Day annual event where employees do volunteer work.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle employees take half a day to help others|newspaper=St. Joseph News-Press|date=May 21, 2008 | first=Alonzo|last=Weston|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-17199476.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924185404/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-17199476.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref> Employees are allowed to bring their pets to work.<ref name="bwone" />{{RP|3}} The company has on-site gyms, physical fitness trainers, medical care, and an employee turnover of approximately 5 percent.<ref name="bestplacetowork" /> NestlePurina also has its own in-house creative agency called, CheckMark. Purina's St Louis headquarters houses between 2,500 and 3000 employees and also houses IT and auditing departments as part of Nestle Shared Services.<ref name=":0" /> | Nestlé Purina PetCare is operated as a subsidiary of Nestlé. It is headquartered in St Louis, Missouri and has operations in North America, Asia, Africa, Europe, Latin America and Oceania.<ref name="swot" /> There are sixteen buildings on 50 acres at its headquarters,<ref name="bwone" />{{RP|3}} including a 15-story main tower,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Nestlé Purina Careers {{!}} 360° St. Louis Campus Tour – YouTube|url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhuPBfWvy3g%7Caccess-date=2020-08-25%7Cwebsite=www.youtube.com}}</ref> four-story [[Research and development|research facility]] built in 2010<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina plans 'cat hotel'|newspaper=St. Joseph News-Press|date=August 5, 2010 | first=Ray|last=Scherer|access-date=September 1, 2014|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-25468071.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924191606/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-25468071.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> and a Learning and Training center built in 2011.<ref name="bestplacetowork">{{cite news|title=Nestlé Purina PetCare – Best Places to Work Winner: Large Companies|url= http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/print-edition/2013/03/15/nestle-purina-petcare---best-places-to.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Business Journal|access-date=September 2, 2014|date=March 15, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nestlé Purina PetCare to build $15M addition to HQ|date=July 15, 2010|url= http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/stories/2010/07/12/daily55.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Business Journal|first=Kelsey|last=Volkmann|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2010, Purina built the $10 million Purina Event Center for dog shows and competitions.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1A1-D9HM82F80.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924041704/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1A1-D9HM82F80.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015|agency=Associated Press|title=Purina center launch aided by top dogs|date=August 19, 2010|access-date=September 1, 2014|first=Jim|last=Salter}}</ref> Nestlé Purina Petcare sponsors various charitable activities,<ref name="Turner2007" /> such as the Pet Care Pride Day annual event where employees do volunteer work.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle employees take half a day to help others|newspaper=St. Joseph News-Press|date=May 21, 2008 | first=Alonzo|last=Weston|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-17199476.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924185404/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-17199476.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref> Employees are allowed to bring their pets to work.<ref name="bwone" />{{RP|3}} The company has on-site gyms, physical fitness trainers, medical care, and an employee turnover of approximately 5 percent.<ref name="bestplacetowork" /> NestlePurina also has its own in-house creative agency called, CheckMark. Purina's St Louis headquarters houses between 2,500 and 3000 employees and also houses IT and auditing departments as part of Nestle Shared Services.<ref name=":0" /> |
|
| === Statistics === | === Statistics === | As of 2005, Purina Petcare was Nestlé's second most profitable division behind pharmaceuticals.<ref name="danfkljd">{{cite news|title=Pet food makers try to catch high-end market while appealing to budget shoppers|newspaper=St Louis Post-Dispatch|date=January 14, 2005|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-127036768.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924122342/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-127036768.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015|access-date=September 1, 2014|first=Mary Jo |last=Feldstein}}</ref> It was the largest pet food manufacturer by market share in the US and the second-largest in Europe.<ref name="NestleNesheim2010">{{cite book|author1=Marion Nestle|author2=Malden Nesheim|title=Feed Your Pet Right: The Authoritative Guide to Feeding Your Dog and Cat|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=tuhlS_MH26AC&pg=PA49%7Cdate=May 11, 2010|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1-4391-6644-4|pages=49}}</ref> As of 2012, globally Purina has a 23.1 percent share of the pet food market, while its largest competitor, [[Mars, Incorporated#Mars Petcare|Mars]], has a 23.4 percent share.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-04-09/mars-to-buy-p-and-g-pet-food-brands-for-2-dot-9-billion-in-cash%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005235/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-04-09/mars-to-buy-p-and-g-pet-food-brands-for-2-dot-9-billion-in-cash%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014|publisher=Bloomberg|title=Mars to Buy P&G Pet-Food Brands for $2.9 Billion in Cash|first=Lauren|last=Coleman-Lochner|date=April 9, 2014|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> According to a Research and Markets report, competition between Nestlé and Mars has been "fierce."<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestlé SA in Pet Care (World)|date=November 2013|publisher=Euromonitor International|url= http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/817ed9/nestle_sa_in_pet_care_world%7Caccess-date=September 3, 2014}}</ref> | As of 2005, Purina PetCare was Nestlé's second most profitable division behind pharmaceuticals.<ref name="danfkljd">{{cite news|title=Pet food makers try to catch high-end market while appealing to budget shoppers|newspaper=St Louis Post-Dispatch|date=January 14, 2005|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-127036768.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924122342/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-127036768.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015|access-date=September 1, 2014|first=Mary Jo |last=Feldstein}}</ref> It was the largest pet food manufacturer by market share in the US and the second-largest in Europe.<ref name="NestleNesheim2010">{{cite book|author1=Marion Nestle|author2=Malden Nesheim|title=Feed Your Pet Right: The Authoritative Guide to Feeding Your Dog and Cat|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=tuhlS_MH26AC&pg=PA49%7Cdate=May 11, 2010|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1-4391-6644-4|pages=49}}</ref> As of 2012, globally Purina has a 23.1 percent share of the pet food market, while its largest competitor, [[Mars, Incorporated#Mars Petcare|Mars]], has a 23.4 percent share.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-04-09/mars-to-buy-p-and-g-pet-food-brands-for-2-dot-9-billion-in-cash%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005235/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-04-09/mars-to-buy-p-and-g-pet-food-brands-for-2-dot-9-billion-in-cash%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014|publisher=Bloomberg|title=Mars to Buy P&G Pet-Food Brands for $2.9 Billion in Cash|first=Lauren|last=Coleman-Lochner|date=April 9, 2014|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> According to a Research and Markets report, competition between Nestlé and Mars has been "fierce."<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestlé SA in Pet Care (World)|date=November 2013|publisher=Euromonitor International|url= http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/817ed9/nestle_sa_in_pet_care_world%7Caccess-date=September 3, 2014}}</ref> |
|
| In 2010, Nestlé Purina Petcare won the [[Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award]] based on organizational and manufacturing performance.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nestlé Purina: building on a tradition of trust|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=Watt Petfood Industry|archive-date=February 23, 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150223061847/http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Curl-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=How Nestlé Purina PetCare earned the Malcolm Baldrige Award|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/NestleBaldrige.aspx%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> Its manufacturing operations have continuously reduced the amount of materials used in packaging, increased the recycling of waste product and reduced water usage, in addition to installing solar panels to produce electricity for its offices and facilities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Heroes of the Planet – Nestlé Purina PetCare|date=October 26, 2012|url= http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/print-edition/2012/10/26/heroes-of-the-planet---nestle-purina.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2011, Nestlé Purina Petcare was ranked as one of 11 most sustainable companies in Two Tomorrow's annual ranking.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina's parent company ranks among top 'green' firms|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=October 27, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestle_Purina_s_parent_company_ranks_among_top__green__firms.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> As of 2014, it has 19 manufacturing plants.<ref>{{citation|url= https://www.nestlepurinacareers.com/why-purina/our-locations/%7Ctitle=Our locations|publisher=Nestle Purina Petcare|access-date=November 5, 2014}}</ref>{{efn|Nestle Purina had 26 manufacturing facilities in 2012<ref name="eleventwelve"/>}} | In 2010, Nestlé Purina PetCare won the [[Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award]] based on organizational and manufacturing performance.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nestlé Purina: building on a tradition of trust|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=Watt Petfood Industry|archive-date=February 23, 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150223061847/http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Curl-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=How Nestlé Purina PetCare earned the Malcolm Baldrige Award|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/NestleBaldrige.aspx%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> Its manufacturing operations have continuously reduced the amount of materials used in packaging, increased the recycling of waste product and reduced water usage, in addition to installing solar panels to produce electricity for its offices and facilities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Heroes of the Planet – Nestlé Purina PetCare|date=October 26, 2012|url= http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/print-edition/2012/10/26/heroes-of-the-planet---nestle-purina.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2011, Nestlé Purina PetCare was ranked as one of 11 most sustainable companies in Two Tomorrow's annual ranking.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina's parent company ranks among top 'green' firms|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=October 27, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestle_Purina_s_parent_company_ranks_among_top__green__firms.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> As of 2014, it has 19 manufacturing plants.<ref>{{citation|url= https://www.nestlepurinacareers.com/why-purina/our-locations/%7Ctitle=Our locations|publisher=Nestle Purina Petcare|access-date=November 5, 2014}}</ref>{{efn|Nestle Purina had 26 manufacturing facilities in 2012<ref name="eleventwelve"/>}} |
|
| | |
|
| 2023-04-20T13:20:43Z |
Nestlé Purina PetCare |
diff |
| | | Line 48: | Line 48: | By 2009, Purina was one of Nestlé's fastest-growing divisions, due to an increasing willingness by consumers to spend more money on petcare.<ref name="bloomberga"/> In 2008, it formed a separate company called PurinaCare with headquarters in San Antonio, Texas that sold pet insurance.<ref>{{cite news|title=PurinaCare Insurance picks San Antonio for corporate headquarters|date=June 9, 2008|url= http://www.bizjournals.com/sanantonio/stories/2008/06/09/daily8.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|newspaper=San Antonio Business Journal}}</ref> PetCare was later acquired by Pethealth Inc. in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pethealth plans to acquire certain assets of PurinaCare|date=May 1, 2013|publisher=DVM360 MAGAZINE|url= http://veterinarynews.dvm360.com/pethealth-plans-acquire-certain-assets-purinacare%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> By 2009 Purina had also introduced pet litter products and built new manufacturing facilities in Russia and Thailand.<ref name="bloomberga">{{cite news|title=Purina Buoys Nestle, Defies Slump as Households Put Pets First|first=Thomas|last=Mulier|date=October 25, 2009|url= https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aPyNCQnXADsE#%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> Its Colorado plant built the largest privately owned solar panel system in the state.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestlé Purina solar-power plant nothing to bark at|newspaper=Denver Business Journal|first=Cathy|last=Proctor|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/uploadedImages/PetfoodIndustry/News/daily67.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In September 2010, Nestlé reached an agreement to acquire Waggin' Train, a producer of pet treats with $200 million in annual revenues.<ref name="alphaoners">{{cite news|title=Nestlé Purina completes Waggin' Train buy, names president|date=September 17, 2010|first=Lisa|last=Brown|url= http://www.stltoday.com/business/nestl-purina-completes-waggin-train-buy-names-president/article_f1ba1356-c27d-11df-900f-00127992bc8b.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref><ref name="alphatwoers">{{cite news|work=Reuters|date=September 10, 2010|title=Nestle to buy U.S. dog food company Waggin' Train|url= https://www.reuters.com/article/nestle-idUSLDE6891RA20100910%7Caccess-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref> | By 2009, Purina was one of Nestlé's fastest-growing divisions, due to an increasing willingness by consumers to spend more money on petcare.<ref name="bloomberga"/> In 2008, it formed a separate company called PurinaCare with headquarters in San Antonio, Texas that sold pet insurance.<ref>{{cite news|title=PurinaCare Insurance picks San Antonio for corporate headquarters|date=June 9, 2008|url= http://www.bizjournals.com/sanantonio/stories/2008/06/09/daily8.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|newspaper=San Antonio Business Journal}}</ref> PetCare was later acquired by Pethealth Inc. in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pethealth plans to acquire certain assets of PurinaCare|date=May 1, 2013|publisher=DVM360 MAGAZINE|url= http://veterinarynews.dvm360.com/pethealth-plans-acquire-certain-assets-purinacare%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> By 2009 Purina had also introduced pet litter products and built new manufacturing facilities in Russia and Thailand.<ref name="bloomberga">{{cite news|title=Purina Buoys Nestle, Defies Slump as Households Put Pets First|first=Thomas|last=Mulier|date=October 25, 2009|url= https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aPyNCQnXADsE#%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> Its Colorado plant built the largest privately owned solar panel system in the state.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestlé Purina solar-power plant nothing to bark at|newspaper=Denver Business Journal|first=Cathy|last=Proctor|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/uploadedImages/PetfoodIndustry/News/daily67.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In September 2010, Nestlé reached an agreement to acquire Waggin' Train, a producer of pet treats with $200 million in annual revenues.<ref name="alphaoners">{{cite news|title=Nestlé Purina completes Waggin' Train buy, names president|date=September 17, 2010|first=Lisa|last=Brown|url= http://www.stltoday.com/business/nestl-purina-completes-waggin-train-buy-names-president/article_f1ba1356-c27d-11df-900f-00127992bc8b.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref><ref name="alphatwoers">{{cite news|work=Reuters|date=September 10, 2010|title=Nestle to buy U.S. dog food company Waggin' Train|url= https://www.reuters.com/article/nestle-idUSLDE6891RA20100910%7Caccess-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref> |
|
| In 2013, Nestlé Purina Petcare acquired the pet adoption website Petfinder.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina to purchase Petfinder|first=Jim|last=Salter|date=June 5, 2013|access-date=September 1, 2014|url= https://news.yahoo.com/nestle-purina-purchase-petfinder-194342411.html%7Cpublisher=Associated Press}}</ref> The following year it acquired Zuke's, a producer of cat and dog treats.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina Completes Purchase of Pet-Treat Marketer Zuke's|first1=Lauren|last1=Coleman-Lochner|first2=Matthew|last2=Boyle|date=January 15, 2014|url= http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-01-15/nestle-purina-completes-purchase-of-pet-treat-marketer-zuke-s%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005355/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-01-15/nestle-purina-completes-purchase-of-pet-treat-marketer-zuke-s%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> From 2010 to 2012, Nestlé expanded its manufacturing operations in Australia, Hungary and Germany. It also implemented the company's largest solar panel farm at its facilities in Atlanta, Georgia.<ref name="eleventwelve">{{cite news|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/NestlePurinaPetCare.html%7Ctitle=Nestlé Purina PetCare|publisher=WATT PetFood Industry|access-date=September 3, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle starts production at expanded west Hungary unit|newspaper=Regional Today|date=April 11, 2013|url= http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/91576559/nestle-starts-production-expanded-west-hungary-unit%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214134608/http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/91576559/nestle-starts-production-expanded-west-hungary-unit%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=December 14, 2014|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Budapest Business Journal|title=Nestlé Hungária begins production at new HUF 10bln plant in Western Hungary|date=July 7, 2011|url= http://www.bbj.hu/business/nestle-hungaria-begins-production-at-new-huf-10bln-plant-in-western-hungary-_58763%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In April 2014, Nestlé Purina Petcare opened the first [[cat café]] in the US.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Nation's First Cat Cafe Comes to New York|first=Belinda|last=Lanks|date=April 25, 2014|url= http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-04-25/the-nations-first-cat-cafe-comes-to-new-york%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426112334/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-04-25/the-nations-first-cat-cafe-comes-to-new-york%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=April 26, 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina Sued Over Dog Treats Owner Says Are Deadly|first=Andrew |last=Harris|date=April 19, 2012|url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-04-19/nestle-unit-faces-dog-owner-lawsuit-over-allegedly-toxic-treats.html%7Cpublisher=Bloomberg%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> | In 2013, Nestlé Purina Petcare acquired the pet adoption website Petfinder.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina to purchase Petfinder|first=Jim|last=Salter|date=June 5, 2013|access-date=September 1, 2014|url= https://news.yahoo.com/nestle-purina-purchase-petfinder-194342411.html%7Cpublisher=Associated Press}}</ref> The following year it acquired Zuke's, a producer of cat and dog treats.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina Completes Purchase of Pet-Treat Marketer Zuke's|first1=Lauren|last1=Coleman-Lochner|first2=Matthew|last2=Boyle|date=January 15, 2014|url= http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-01-15/nestle-purina-completes-purchase-of-pet-treat-marketer-zuke-s%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005355/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-01-15/nestle-purina-completes-purchase-of-pet-treat-marketer-zuke-s%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> From 2010 to 2012, Nestlé expanded its manufacturing operations in Australia, Hungary and Germany. It also implemented the company's largest solar panel farm at its facilities in Atlanta, Georgia.<ref name="eleventwelve">{{cite news|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/NestlePurinaPetCare.html%7Ctitle=Nestlé Purina PetCare|publisher=WATT PetFood Industry|access-date=September 3, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle starts production at expanded west Hungary unit|newspaper=Regional Today|date=April 11, 2013|url= http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/91576559/nestle-starts-production-expanded-west-hungary-unit%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214134608/http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/91576559/nestle-starts-production-expanded-west-hungary-unit%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=December 14, 2014|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Budapest Business Journal|title=Nestlé Hungária begins production at new HUF 10bln plant in Western Hungary|date=July 7, 2011|url= http://www.bbj.hu/business/nestle-hungaria-begins-production-at-new-huf-10bln-plant-in-western-hungary-_58763%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In April 2014, Nestlé Purina PetCare opened the first [[cat café]] in the US.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Nation's First Cat Cafe Comes to New York|first=Belinda|last=Lanks|date=April 25, 2014|url= http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-04-25/the-nations-first-cat-cafe-comes-to-new-york%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426112334/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-04-25/the-nations-first-cat-cafe-comes-to-new-york%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=April 26, 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina Sued Over Dog Treats Owner Says Are Deadly|first=Andrew |last=Harris|date=April 19, 2012|url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-04-19/nestle-unit-faces-dog-owner-lawsuit-over-allegedly-toxic-treats.html%7Cpublisher=Bloomberg%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> |
|
| | |
|
| | |
|
| | | | Line 61: | Line 61: |
|
| | | |
| | |
|
| | |
|
| 2023-04-19T14:43:59Z |
Meryl Streep |
diff |
| | | Line 262: | Line 262: | * [[81st Academy Awards]]: Best Actress in a Leading Role, nomination, for [[Doubt (2008 film)|Doubt]] (2008) | * [[81st Academy Awards]]: Best Actress in a Leading Role, nomination, for [[Doubt (2008 film)|Doubt]] (2008) | * [[82nd Academy Awards]]: Best Actress in a Leading Role, nomination, for [[Julie & Julia]] (2009) | * [[82nd Academy Awards]]: Best Actress in a Leading Role, nomination, for [[Julie & Julia]] (2009) | * [[84th Academy Awards]]: Best Actress in a Leading Role, win, for [[The Iron Lady (film)|The Iron Lady]] (2011) | | * [[86th Academy Awards]]: Best Actress in a Leading Role, nomination, for [[August: Osage County (film)|August: Osage County]] (2013) | * [[86th Academy Awards]]: Best Actress in a Leading Role, nomination, for [[August: Osage County (film)|August: Osage County]] (2013) | * [[87th Academy Awards]]: Best Actress in a Supporting Role, nomination, for [[Into the Woods (film)|Into the Woods]] (2014) | * [[87th Academy Awards]]: Best Actress in a Supporting Role, nomination, for [[Into the Woods (film)|Into the Woods]] (2014) |
|
| 2023-04-19T14:27:41Z |
Miranda Kerr |
diff |
| | | Line 73: | Line 73: | In February 2014, Kerr became the face of Swedish clothing brand [[H&M]]. She then featured in high-profile campaigns for [[Reebok]] and [[Wonderbra]]. In March, Kerr opened and closed for [[Sonia Rykiel]] at Fall/Winter Paris Fashion Week. On 22 April 2014, Kerr released her first single online, featuring her and crooner Bobby Fox, in a cover of [[Elvis Presley]]'s "You're The Boss".<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Miranda Kerr Sings on "You're the Boss" with Bobby Fox: Listen to Supermodel's Debut Single |author=Madeline Boardman |url= http://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/news/miranda-kerr-sings-on-debut-single-youre-the-boss-2014224 |magazine=[[Us Weekly]] |date=22 April 2014 |access-date=25 April 2014}}</ref> In July, Kerr became the face of the [[Escada]] fragrance, Joyful, attending the launch at the brand's flagship Munich store.<ref>{{cite news|title=Miranda Kerr in Munich|url= http://us.escada.com/e-stories/article/miranda-kerr-in-munich%7Cpublisher=Escada%7Caccess-date=13 August 2015|date=29 July 2014}}</ref> Kerr modelled for the covers of the May issue of Vogue Taiwan and the July issue of Vogue Australia.<ref>{{cite news|title=Watch: Miranda Kerr for Vogue Australia|url= http://www.vogue.com.au/fashion/news/watch+miranda+kerr+for+vogue+australia+,31265%7Cpublisher=Condé Nast|access-date=20 June 2015|date=16 June 2014}}</ref> She was among the 50 models on the September cover of Vogue Italia, celebrating the magazine's 50th anniversary.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Frank|first1=Julia|title=50 models cover Vogue Italia's 50th anniversary issue|journal=Vogue Australia|date=28 August 2014|url= http://www.vogue.com.au/fashion/news/50+models+cover+vogue+italias+50th+anniversary+issue+,32643%7Caccess-date=13 July 2016}}</ref> She was also prominently featured in the November, 15-year anniversary issue of Vogue Japan, shot by [[Mario Testino]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Miranda Kerr's Vogue Japan Photshoot Draws Criticism|url= http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2014/09/30/miranda-kerr-vogue-japan_n_5907190.html%7Cwork=Huffington Post|access-date=20 June 2015|date=30 September 2014}}</ref> Kerr ranked No. 3 on the 2014 Forbes list of highest earning models, earning an estimated $7 million.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The World's Highest-Paid Models 2014|url= https://www.forbes.com/models/%7Cmagazine=Forbes%7Caccess-date=20 June 2015}}</ref> | In February 2014, Kerr became the face of Swedish clothing brand [[H&M]]. She then featured in high-profile campaigns for [[Reebok]] and [[Wonderbra]]. In March, Kerr opened and closed for [[Sonia Rykiel]] at Fall/Winter Paris Fashion Week. On 22 April 2014, Kerr released her first single online, featuring her and crooner Bobby Fox, in a cover of [[Elvis Presley]]'s "You're The Boss".<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Miranda Kerr Sings on "You're the Boss" with Bobby Fox: Listen to Supermodel's Debut Single |author=Madeline Boardman |url= http://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/news/miranda-kerr-sings-on-debut-single-youre-the-boss-2014224 |magazine=[[Us Weekly]] |date=22 April 2014 |access-date=25 April 2014}}</ref> In July, Kerr became the face of the [[Escada]] fragrance, Joyful, attending the launch at the brand's flagship Munich store.<ref>{{cite news|title=Miranda Kerr in Munich|url= http://us.escada.com/e-stories/article/miranda-kerr-in-munich%7Cpublisher=Escada%7Caccess-date=13 August 2015|date=29 July 2014}}</ref> Kerr modelled for the covers of the May issue of Vogue Taiwan and the July issue of Vogue Australia.<ref>{{cite news|title=Watch: Miranda Kerr for Vogue Australia|url= http://www.vogue.com.au/fashion/news/watch+miranda+kerr+for+vogue+australia+,31265%7Cpublisher=Condé Nast|access-date=20 June 2015|date=16 June 2014}}</ref> She was among the 50 models on the September cover of Vogue Italia, celebrating the magazine's 50th anniversary.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Frank|first1=Julia|title=50 models cover Vogue Italia's 50th anniversary issue|journal=Vogue Australia|date=28 August 2014|url= http://www.vogue.com.au/fashion/news/50+models+cover+vogue+italias+50th+anniversary+issue+,32643%7Caccess-date=13 July 2016}}</ref> She was also prominently featured in the November, 15-year anniversary issue of Vogue Japan, shot by [[Mario Testino]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Miranda Kerr's Vogue Japan Photshoot Draws Criticism|url= http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2014/09/30/miranda-kerr-vogue-japan_n_5907190.html%7Cwork=Huffington Post|access-date=20 June 2015|date=30 September 2014}}</ref> Kerr ranked No. 3 on the 2014 Forbes list of highest earning models, earning an estimated $7 million.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The World's Highest-Paid Models 2014|url= https://www.forbes.com/models/%7Cmagazine=Forbes%7Caccess-date=20 June 2015}}</ref> |
|
| Kerr was the cover model for the February 2015 issue of American Harper's Bazaar, shot by Richardson. She also covered the March issue of Australian Harper's Bazaar, shot by [[Kai Z. Feng]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Brown|first=Laura|title=Kerr Boom!|date=8 January 2015|url= http://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/features/a5460/miranda-kerr-interview-0215/%7Cpublisher=Harper's Bazaar USA|access-date=20 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Miranda Kerr is Our March 2015 Cover Star|url= http://www.harpersbazaar.com.au/news/fashion-buzz/2015/2/miranda-kerr-bazaar-march-2015-cover-shoot/%7Cpublisher=Harper's Bazaar Australia|access-date=20 June 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150620135555/http://www.harpersbazaar.com.au/news/fashion-buzz/2015/2/miranda-kerr-bazaar-march-2015-cover-shoot/%7Carchive-date=20 June 2015}}</ref> In July, Kerr designed a jewelry line with Swarovski, having served as the face of the brand since 2013. Kerr spoke of the collaboration, "I wanted it to be reflective of myself and my personality and who I am. And [Swarovski] really let me have full creative control. I knew what I wanted. I wanted it to be fine, and delicate and have meaning, and hopefully, inspiration."<ref>{{cite news|last=Fleming|first=Olivia|title=Miranda Kerr Launches Her First Jewelry Line|url= http://www.elle.com/fashion/accessories/news/a29195/miranda-kerr-launches-her-first-jewelry-collection/%7Cpublisher=Elle.com%7Caccess-date=16 August 2015}}</ref> Kerr ranked No. 6 on the 2015 Forbes list of highest earning models, earning an estimated $6.5 million.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The World's Highest-Paid Models 2015|url= https://www.forbes.com/pictures/emjl45edfdd/6-miranda-kerr/%7Cmagazine=Forbes%7Caccess-date=18 September 2015}}</ref> She then appeared on the December cover of Vogue Thailand, the first Australian model to do so. She was also shot by [[Doug Inglish]] in a short video as part of [[LOVE (magazine)|LOVE]]s annual advent calendar.<ref>{{cite news|title=Miranda Kerr teases nudity in steamy new clip for day 9 of LOVE Magazine's Advent calendar|url=http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/people/miranda-kerr-teases-nudity-in-steamy-new-clip-for-day-9-of-love-magazines-advent-calendar/news-story/f93915b9524e0cc2d6ad81d288e04aca%7Cpublisher=news.com.au%7Caccess-date=27 January 2016}}</ref> | Kerr was the cover model for the February 2015 issue of American Harper's Bazaar<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerr Boom! |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/features/a5460/miranda-kerr-interview-0215/ |access-date=19 April 2023 |website=Harper's Bazaar}}</ref>, shot by Richardson. She also covered the March issue of Australian Harper's Bazaar, shot by [[Kai Z. Feng]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Brown|first=Laura|title=Kerr Boom!|date=8 January 2015|url=http://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/features/a5460/miranda-kerr-interview-0215/%7Cpublisher=Harper's Bazaar USA|access-date=20 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Miranda Kerr is Our March 2015 Cover Star|url=http://www.harpersbazaar.com.au/news/fashion-buzz/2015/2/miranda-kerr-bazaar-march-2015-cover-shoot/%7Cpublisher=Harper's Bazaar Australia|access-date=20 June 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620135555/http://www.harpersbazaar.com.au/news/fashion-buzz/2015/2/miranda-kerr-bazaar-march-2015-cover-shoot/%7Carchive-date=20 June 2015}}</ref> In July, Kerr designed a jewelry line with Swarovski, having served as the face of the brand since 2013. Kerr spoke of the collaboration, "I wanted it to be reflective of myself and my personality and who I am. And [Swarovski] really let me have full creative control. I knew what I wanted. I wanted it to be fine, and delicate and have meaning, and hopefully, inspiration."<ref>{{cite news|last=Fleming|first=Olivia|title=Miranda Kerr Launches Her First Jewelry Line|url=http://www.elle.com/fashion/accessories/news/a29195/miranda-kerr-launches-her-first-jewelry-collection/%7Cpublisher=Elle.com%7Caccess-date=16 August 2015}}</ref> Kerr ranked No. 6 on the 2015 Forbes list of highest earning models, earning an estimated $6.5 million.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The World's Highest-Paid Models 2015|url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/emjl45edfdd/6-miranda-kerr/%7Cmagazine=Forbes%7Caccess-date=18 September 2015}}</ref> She then appeared on the December cover of Vogue Thailand, the first Australian model to do so. She was also shot by [[Doug Inglish]] in a short video as part of [[LOVE (magazine)|LOVE]]s annual advent calendar.<ref>{{cite news|title=Miranda Kerr teases nudity in steamy new clip for day 9 of LOVE Magazine's Advent calendar|url= http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/people/miranda-kerr-teases-nudity-in-steamy-new-clip-for-day-9-of-love-magazines-advent-calendar/news-story/f93915b9524e0cc2d6ad81d288e04aca%7Cpublisher=news.com.au%7Caccess-date=27 January 2016}}</ref> |
|
| [[File:Miranda Kerr 2.jpg|thumb|left|Kerr in [[Perth, Western Australia|Perth]], Western Australia]] | [[File:Miranda Kerr 2.jpg|thumb|left|Kerr in [[Perth, Western Australia|Perth]], Western Australia]] |
|
| 2023-04-19T14:22:15Z |
Karlie Kloss |
diff |
| | | Line 71: | Line 71: |
|
| [[File:Karlie Kloss (47541292642) (cropped) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Kloss in 2019]] | [[File:Karlie Kloss (47541292642) (cropped) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Kloss in 2019]] | | |
|
| In April 2017, she appeared as a correspondent on the [[Netflix]] series [[Bill Nye Saves the World]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url= http://www.vanityfair.com/style/2016/10/karlie-kloss-bill-nye-netflix-show |title=Karlie Kloss Is Teaming Up with Bill Nye |author=Harwood, Erika |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=October 14, 2016 |access-date=February 8, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170204230337/http://www.vanityfair.com/style/2016/10/karlie-kloss-bill-nye-netflix-show |archive-date=February 4, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kloss was featured in Vogue<nowiki/>'s March 2017 issue.<ref name="Lang (2017)">{{cite magazine |last=Lang |first=Cady |title=The Internet Is Sounding Off About Karlie Kloss's Japan-Themed Vogue Shoot |date=February 15, 2017 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |department=Fashion |url= http://time.com/4671287/karlie-kloss-vogue-backlash/ |access-date=February 17, 2017 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20170217054210/http://time.com/4671287/karlie-kloss-vogue-backlash/ |archive-date=February 17, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> The spread was criticized by some as a form of [[cultural appropriation]] as she appeared styled as a [[geisha]].<ref name="Lang (2017)"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Vogue, Karlie Kloss Blasted for Geisha Photo Spread |date=February 15, 2017 |newspaper=[[CBC News]] |department=Entertainment |url= http://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/vogue-diversity-issue-woes-1.3984210 |access-date=February 17, 2017 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20170217054319/http://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/vogue-diversity-issue-woes-1.3984210 |archive-date=February 17, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> She later posted a public apology.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://variety.com/2017/biz/news/karlie-kloss-vogue-spread-apology-1201989137/ |title=Karlie Kloss Apologizes for Controversial Geisha Vogue Spread |first=Sarah |last=Ahern |date=February 15, 2017 |access-date=December 28, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171113171439/http://variety.com/2017/biz/news/karlie-kloss-vogue-spread-apology-1201989137/ |archive-date=November 13, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> In Fall 2017, Kloss announced her TV show, Movie Night with Karlie Kloss, airing on [[Freeform (TV channel)|Freeform]] in winter 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/karlie-kloss-movie-night-karlie-kloss-coming-freeform-1049773%7Ctitle=Karlie Kloss Has a New TV Show Coming Soon|work=The Hollywood Reporter|last=Chan|first=Stephanie|date=October 17, 2017}}</ref> On May 24, 2017 Kloss won the [[Diane von Furstenberg Award|Diane von Furstenberg Inspiration Award]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jane Goodall, Karlie Kloss, and the Women of the Diane von Furstenberg Award Are Carrying the Torch For Freedom|url= https://www.wmagazine.com/story/diane-von-furstenberg-award-winners-women-jane-goodall-karlie-kloss/%7Caccess-date=July 14, 2020|work=[[W (magazine)|W]]}}</ref> | In April 2017, she appeared as a correspondent on the [[Netflix]] series [[Bill Nye Saves the World]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url= http://www.vanityfair.com/style/2016/10/karlie-kloss-bill-nye-netflix-show |title=Karlie Kloss Is Teaming Up with Bill Nye |author=Harwood, Erika |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=October 14, 2016 |access-date=February 8, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170204230337/http://www.vanityfair.com/style/2016/10/karlie-kloss-bill-nye-netflix-show |archive-date=February 4, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kloss was featured in Vogue<nowiki/>'s March 2017 issue.<ref name="Lang (2017)">{{cite magazine |last=Lang |first=Cady |title=The Internet Is Sounding Off About Karlie Kloss's Japan-Themed Vogue Shoot |date=February 15, 2017 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |department=Fashion |url= http://time.com/4671287/karlie-kloss-vogue-backlash/ |access-date=February 17, 2017 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20170217054210/http://time.com/4671287/karlie-kloss-vogue-backlash/ |archive-date=February 17, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> The spread was criticized by some as a form of [[cultural appropriation]] as she appeared styled as a [[geisha]].<ref name="Lang (2017)"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Vogue, Karlie Kloss Blasted for Geisha Photo Spread |date=February 15, 2017 |newspaper=[[CBC News]] |department=Entertainment |url= http://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/vogue-diversity-issue-woes-1.3984210 |access-date=February 17, 2017 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20170217054319/http://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/vogue-diversity-issue-woes-1.3984210 |archive-date=February 17, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> She later posted a public apology.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://variety.com/2017/biz/news/karlie-kloss-vogue-spread-apology-1201989137/ |title=Karlie Kloss Apologizes for Controversial Geisha Vogue Spread |first=Sarah |last=Ahern |date=February 15, 2017 |access-date=December 28, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171113171439/http://variety.com/2017/biz/news/karlie-kloss-vogue-spread-apology-1201989137/ |archive-date=November 13, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> In Fall 2017, Kloss announced her TV show, Movie Night with Karlie Kloss, airing on [[Freeform (TV channel)|Freeform]] in winter 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/karlie-kloss-movie-night-karlie-kloss-coming-freeform-1049773%7Ctitle=Karlie Kloss Has a New TV Show Coming Soon|work=The Hollywood Reporter|last=Chan|first=Stephanie|date=October 17, 2017}}</ref> On May 24, 2017 Kloss won the [[Diane von Furstenberg Award|Diane von Furstenberg Inspiration Award]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jane Goodall, Karlie Kloss, and the Women of the Diane von Furstenberg Award Are Carrying the Torch For Freedom|url= https://www.wmagazine.com/story/diane-von-furstenberg-award-winners-women-jane-goodall-karlie-kloss/%7Caccess-date=July 14, 2020|work=[[W (magazine)|W]]}}</ref> |
|
| 2023-04-17T14:13:31Z |
Jeff Bezos |
diff |
| | | Line 132: | Line 132: | | | | | | | | | * In March 2018, at the [[Explorers Club]] annual dinner, he was awarded the [[Buzz Aldrin]] Space Exploration Award in recognition of his work with Blue Origin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boyle |first=Alan |date=July 17, 2017 |title=Jeff Bezos gets a kick out of winning the first Buzz Aldrin Space Innovation Award |url= https://www.geekwire.com/2017/jeff-bezos-buzz-aldrin-space-innovation-award/ |access-date=August 4, 2022 |website=GeekWire |language=en-US}}</ref> | * In March 2018, at the [[Explorers Club]] annual dinner, he was awarded the [[Buzz Aldrin]] Space Exploration Award in recognition of his work with Blue Origin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boyle |first=Alan |date=July 17, 2017 |title=Jeff Bezos gets a kick out of winning the first Buzz Aldrin Space Innovation Award |url= https://www.geekwire.com/2017/jeff-bezos-buzz-aldrin-space-innovation-award/ |access-date=August 4, 2022 |website=GeekWire |language=en-US}}</ref> |
|
| 2023-04-17T13:57:06Z |
Tim Cook |
diff |
| | | Line 32: | Line 32: | ==Career== | ==Career== | ===Pre-Apple era=== | ===Pre-Apple era=== | After graduating from Auburn University, Cook spent 12 years in [[IBM]]'s personal computer business, ultimately serving as the director of North American [[Order fulfillment|fulfillment]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tim Cook {{!}} American business executive|url= https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tim-Cook%7Cwebsite=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=May 7, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200715094701/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tim-Cook%7Carchive-date=July 15, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> During this time, Cook also earned his MBA from Duke University, becoming a Fuqua Scholar in 1988.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Apple CEO to deliver 2018 Duke commencement address|url= https://www.newsobserver.com/news/local/education/article195793864.html%7Cdate=January 20, 2018|website=The News and Observer|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180622020417/http://www.newsobserver.com/news/local/education/article195793864.html%7Carchive-date=June 22, 2018|access-date=May 7, 2020}}</ref> Later, he served as the [[chief operating officer]] of the computer reseller division of Intelligent Electronics. In 1997, he became the vice president for corporate materials at [[Compaq]] for six months, but left the position after being hired by Steve Jobs.<ref name="CNN Money">{{Cite news |url= https://money.cnn.com/2011/08/24/technology/cook_apple.fortune/index3.htm?iid=EL |title=The genius of Steve |date=August 24, 2011 |work=CNN |access-date=October 4, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131004230845/http://money.cnn.com/2011/08/24/technology/cook_apple.fortune/index3.htm?iid=EL |archive-date=October 4, 2013 |url-status=live |quote = Steve Jobs hired him in early 1998. }}</ref> | After graduating from Auburn University, Cook spent 12 years in [[IBM]]'s personal computer business, ultimately serving as the director of North American [[Order fulfillment|fulfillment]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tim Cook {{!}} American business executive|url= https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tim-Cook%7Cwebsite=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=May 7, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200715094701/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tim-Cook%7Carchive-date=July 15, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> During this time, Cook also earned his MBA from Duke University, becoming a Fuqua Scholar in 1988.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Apple CEO to deliver 2018 Duke commencement address|url= https://www.newsobserver.com/news/local/education/article195793864.html%7Cdate=January 20, 2018|website=The News and Observer|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180622020417/http://www.newsobserver.com/news/local/education/article195793864.html%7Carchive-date=June 22, 2018|access-date=May 7, 2020}}</ref> Later, he served as the [[chief operating officer]] of the computer reseller division of Intelligent Electronics. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tim Cook Fast Facts |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/04/30/us/tim-cook-fast-facts/index.html |access-date=17 April 2023 |website=CNN}}</ref> In 1997, he became the vice president for corporate materials at [[Compaq]] for six months, but left the position after being hired by Steve Jobs.<ref name="CNN Money">{{Cite news |url= https://money.cnn.com/2011/08/24/technology/cook_apple.fortune/index3.htm?iid=EL |title=The genius of Steve |date=August 24, 2011 |work=CNN |access-date=October 4, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131004230845/http://money.cnn.com/2011/08/24/technology/cook_apple.fortune/index3.htm?iid=EL |archive-date=October 4, 2013 |url-status=live |quote = Steve Jobs hired him in early 1998. }}</ref> |
|
| ===Apple era=== | ===Apple era=== |
|
| 2023-04-17T13:36:24Z |
Royal Canin |
diff |
| | | Line 24: | Line 24: | The company was established by the French veterinary surgeon Jean Cathary in 1968.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2019 |title=Gard : Jean Cathary, le génie inventif du fondateur de Royal Canin |url= https://www.midilibre.fr/2018/10/29/gard-jean-cathary-le-genie-inventif-du-fondateur-de-royal-canin,4748628.php |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=Midi Libre}}</ref> He had a veterinary practice in a village in the [[Gard]] region of France and was concerned many people's pets were being presented with a variety of health problems, especially skin and coat conditions. Convinced the cause was dietary, Cathary devised a cereal–based recipe, which he prepared in an oven in his garage.{{sfn|Company Histories}}{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=25}} | The company was established by the French veterinary surgeon Jean Cathary in 1968.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2019 |title=Gard : Jean Cathary, le génie inventif du fondateur de Royal Canin |url= https://www.midilibre.fr/2018/10/29/gard-jean-cathary-le-genie-inventif-du-fondateur-de-royal-canin,4748628.php |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=Midi Libre}}</ref> He had a veterinary practice in a village in the [[Gard]] region of France and was concerned many people's pets were being presented with a variety of health problems, especially skin and coat conditions. Convinced the cause was dietary, Cathary devised a cereal–based recipe, which he prepared in an oven in his garage.{{sfn|Company Histories}}{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=25}} |
|
| The diet successfully alleviated the problems pets were presented with, so in 1968, Cathary registered the food with the trademark “Royal Canin”. He closed his veterinary practice to concentrate on manufacturing and distributing the feed. An [[Food extrusion|extruder]] was imported from the U.S. and Royal Canin became the first manufacturer of dry pet food in France and the first European company to use an extruder.{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=25}} The target market was primarily breeders and [[German Shepherd]] associations; television advertising was used to promote the product, something which was not being undertaken by competitors.{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=25}} | The diet successfully alleviated the problems pets were presented with, so in 1968, Cathary registered the food with the trademark “Royal Canin”. He closed his veterinary practice to concentrate on manufacturing and distributing the feed. An [[Food extrusion|extruder]] was imported from the U.S. and Royal Canin became the first manufacturer of dry pet food in France and the first European company to use an extruder.{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=25}} The target market was primarily breeders and [[German Shepherd]] associations; television advertising was used to promote the product.{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=25}} | [[File:Historical photo of Jean Cathary pictured left in 1967.jpg|left|thumb|French Veterinarian Jean Cathary (left) founded Royal Canin in 1968]] | [[File:Historical photo of Jean Cathary pictured left in 1967.jpg|left|thumb|French Veterinarian Jean Cathary (left) founded Royal Canin in 1968]] | Production steadily increased and in 1970, the company was incorporated as "Royal Canin [[S.A. (corporation)|S. A.]]"; a larger factory was opened in [[Aimargues]] and began distribution throughout Europe. Forty staff were employed in the annual production of five–thousand five hundred tons of feed. A subsidiary, Royal Canin Iberica, was established in Spain. In March 1972, Cathary sold the company to the Guyomarc'h Group,{{sfn|Company Histories}}{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p = 26}}{{sfn|Pierce|Hoovers}} a much larger, family-run animal feed business founded by Jean Guyomarc’h in 1954, which specialised in livestock feed.{{sfn|List of companies}}{{efn|Guyomarc'h changed its name to Evialis at the beginning of 2001.}} | Production steadily increased and in 1970, the company was incorporated as "Royal Canin [[S.A. (corporation)|S. A.]]"; a larger factory was opened in [[Aimargues]] and began distribution throughout Europe. Forty staff were employed in the annual production of five–thousand five hundred tons of feed. A subsidiary, Royal Canin Iberica, was established in Spain. In March 1972, Cathary sold the company to the Guyomarc'h Group,{{sfn|Company Histories}}{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p = 26}}{{sfn|Pierce|Hoovers}} a much larger, family-run animal feed business founded by Jean Guyomarc’h in 1954, which specialised in livestock feed.{{sfn|List of companies}}{{efn|Guyomarc'h changed its name to Evialis at the beginning of 2001.}} |
|
| 2023-04-14T15:09:21Z |
Michael Dell |
diff |
| | | Line 89: | Line 89: | | |
|
| In 2023, it was noted that the Michael and Susan Dell Foundation has donated over $2.43 billion so far. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2023 |title=Texas born philanthropist has given away over $2 billion |url=https://original.newsbreak.com/@ted-rivers-1587449/2908751021183-texas-born-philanthropist-has-given-away-over-2-billion |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=NewsBreak}}</ref> | In 2023, it was noted that the Michael and Susan Dell Foundation has donated over $2.43 billion so far.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 January 2023 |title=America’s Most Generous Givers 2023: The Nation's 25 Top Philanthropists |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbeswealthteam/2023/01/23/americas-top-givers-2023-the-25-most-philanthropic-billionaires/ |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=Forbes}}</ref> |
|
| ==References== | ==References== |
|
| 2023-04-14T15:00:45Z |
Michael Dell |
diff |
| | | Line 88: | Line 88: |
|
| | | |
| | |
|
| ==References== | ==References== |
|
| 2023-04-14T14:51:52Z |
Michael Dell |
diff |
| | | Line 86: | Line 86: |
|
| | | |
| | |
|
| ==References== | ==References== |
|
| 2023-04-14T14:42:53Z |
Michael Dell |
diff |
| | | Line 84: | Line 84: |
|
| | | |
| | |
|
| ==References== | ==References== |
|
| 2023-04-14T14:26:55Z |
Olivier François |
diff |
| | | Line 31: | Line 31: |
|
| === Chrysler === | === Chrysler === | In October 2009, post Fiat Group receiving a 20% stake in [[Chrysler|Chrysler Group]] LLC, François was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer of the Chrysler brand. He was also the Lead Marketing Executive at the Chrysler Group with responsibility for marketing strategies, brand development and advertising for the Chrysler Group ([[Jeep]], [[Dodge]], [[Chrysler]] and [[Ram Trucks|RAM Trucks]]), as well as that of the Fiat Group Automobiles brands ([[Fiat Automobiles|Fiat]], [[Alfa Romeo]], [[Maserati]], [[Abarth]], [[Lancia]]). | In October 2009, post Fiat Group receiving a 20% stake in [[Chrysler|Chrysler Group]] LLC, François was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer of the Chrysler brand. He was also the Lead Marketing Executive at the Chrysler Group <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2016 |title=Le patron de FIAT Olivier François distingué par Sciences Po à New York |url=https://frenchmorning.com/le-patron-de-fiat-olivier-francois-distingue-par-sciences-po-a-new-york/ |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=French Morning}}</ref> with responsibility for marketing strategies, brand development and advertising for the Chrysler Group ([[Jeep]], [[Dodge]], [[Chrysler]] and [[Ram Trucks|RAM Trucks]]), as well as that of the Fiat Group Automobiles brands ([[Fiat Automobiles|Fiat]], [[Alfa Romeo]], [[Maserati]], [[Abarth]], [[Lancia]]). |
|
| === FCA === | === FCA === |
|
| 2023-04-14T14:20:42Z |
Olivier François |
diff |
| | | Line 16: | Line 16: | }} | }} |
|
| Olivier François (October 4, 1961) is a French business executive and the current CEO of [[Fiat]] and [[Abarth]]. He also serves as global chief marketing officer for [[Stellantis]], as well as a member of the company's Group Executive Council, a position he has held since September 2011. For his attention to creativity, he has been referred to as "[[Chrysler]]'s [[Don Draper]]".<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-12-08/chryslers-don-draper%7Ctitle=Chrysler's Don Draper|date=2011-12-09|access-date=2019-06-12|language=en}}</ref> | Olivier François (October 4, 1961) is a French business executive and the current CEO of [[Fiat]] and [[Abarth]]. He also serves as global Chief Marketing officer for [[Stellantis]], as well as a member of the company's Group Executive Council, a position he has held since September 2011. Due to his attention to creativity, he has been referred to as "[[Chrysler]]'s [[Don Draper]]".<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-12-08/chryslers-don-draper%7Ctitle=Chrysler's Don Draper|date=2011-12-09|access-date=2019-06-12|language=en}}</ref> |
|
| == Early life and education == | == Early life and education == | | Line 25: | Line 25: |
|
| === Citroën === | === Citroën === | He entered the car business in 1990 when he was hired by [[Citroën]], quickly climbing the ranks within the organization. In 1999, he was asked by the company to move to [[Denmark]], where he was managing director of Citroën Denmark A/S. In 2001 he was appointed managing director of Citroën Italy. | He entered the car business in 1990 when he was hired by [[Citroën]], quickly climbing the ranks within the organization. In 1999, he was asked by the company to move to [[Denmark]], where he was Managing Director of Citroën Denmark A/S. In 2001, he was appointed Managing Director of Citroën Italy. |
|
| === Lancia === | === Lancia === | After 4 years as the head of Citroën in Italy, willing for a new challenge, François was approached by [[Sergio Marchionne]], then CEO of [[FCA Italy|Fiat Group Automobiles]], to become CEO of [[Lancia|Lancia Automobiles]] SPA. | After 4 years as the head of Citroën in Italy, willing for a new challenge, François was approached by [[Sergio Marchionne]], then, CEO of [[FCA Italy|Fiat Group Automobiles]], to later become CEO of [[Lancia|Lancia Automobiles]] SPA. |
|
| === Chrysler === | === Chrysler === | In October 2009, post Fiat Group receiving a 20% stake in [[Chrysler|Chrysler Group]] LLC, François was appointed president and chief executive officer of the Chrysler brand. He was also the lead marketing executive at Chrysler Group with responsibility for marketing strategies, brand development and advertising for the Chrysler Group ([[Jeep]], [[Dodge]], [[Chrysler]] and [[Ram Trucks|RAM Trucks]]), as well as that of the Fiat Group Automobiles brands ([[Fiat Automobiles|Fiat]], [[Alfa Romeo]], [[Maserati]], [[Abarth]], [[Lancia]]). | In October 2009, post Fiat Group receiving a 20% stake in [[Chrysler|Chrysler Group]] LLC, François was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer of the Chrysler brand. He was also the Lead Marketing Executive at the Chrysler Group with responsibility for marketing strategies, brand development and advertising for the Chrysler Group ([[Jeep]], [[Dodge]], [[Chrysler]] and [[Ram Trucks|RAM Trucks]]), as well as that of the Fiat Group Automobiles brands ([[Fiat Automobiles|Fiat]], [[Alfa Romeo]], [[Maserati]], [[Abarth]], [[Lancia]]). |
|
| === FCA === | === FCA === | In 2011, he was named [[Chief marketing officer|Chief Marketing Officer]] of the FCA Group and head of the Fiat Brand, as well as becoming a member of the Group Executive Council (GEC). Since becoming chief marketing officer, François splits his time between [[Auburn Hills, Michigan|Auburn Hills]] and FCA's Italian headquarters in [[Turin]]. As well as chief marketing officer for the [[Fiat Chrysler Automobiles|Fiat Chrysler Automobiles Group]], he is also president of the Fiat Brand Global. | In 2011, he was named [[Chief marketing officer|Chief Marketing Officer]] of the FCA Group and head of the Fiat Brand, as well as becoming a member of the Group Executive Council (GEC). Since becoming chief marketing officer, François splits his time between [[Auburn Hills, Michigan|Auburn Hills]] and FCA's Italian headquarters in [[Turin]]. As well as Chief Marketing Officer for the [[Fiat Chrysler Automobiles|Fiat Chrysler Automobiles Group]], he is also President of the Fiat Brand Global. |
|
| === Car models unveiled === | === Car models unveiled === | | Line 41: | Line 41: | During the 2014 Geneve Motor Show an offroad version of [[Fiat Panda|Panda]], named Cross, was launched: this contributed to keep the model as one of the Italian most sold cars. | During the 2014 Geneve Motor Show an offroad version of [[Fiat Panda|Panda]], named Cross, was launched: this contributed to keep the model as one of the Italian most sold cars. |
|
| In 2015 the new [[Fiat Tipo (2015)|Tipo]], a compact car assembled at the Tofaş plant in Bursa, Turkey, was launched. It won the Best Buy Car of Europe Award from Autobest, voted by a panel of 26 journalists from 26 European countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://autobest.org/press-release-autobest-best-buy-car-2016/%7Ctitle=Press Release: AUTOBEST "BEST BUY CAR" 2016 « Autobest|date=15 December 2015 |language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-28}}</ref> | In 2015 , the new [[Fiat Tipo (2015)|Tipo]], a compact car assembled at the Tofaş plant in Bursa, Turkey, was launched. It won the Best Buy Car of Europe Award from Autobest, voted by a panel of 26 journalists from 26 European countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://autobest.org/press-release-autobest-best-buy-car-2016/%7Ctitle=Press Release: AUTOBEST "BEST BUY CAR" 2016 « Autobest|date=15 December 2015 |language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-28}}</ref> |
|
| Moreover, in 2016 the [[Fiat 124 Spider (2016)|124 spider]] made its first appearance: it was previously seen at 2015 LA Auto Show. The two passenger roadster recalls, for name and exterior styling, the [[Fiat 124 Sport Spider]] designed by [[Pininfarina]] and manufactured from 1966 to 1985. | Moreover, in 2016 the [[Fiat 124 Spider (2016)|124 spider]] made its first appearance: it was previously seen at 2015 LA Auto Show. The two passenger roadster recalls, for name and exterior styling, the [[Fiat 124 Sport Spider]] designed by [[Pininfarina]] and manufactured from 1966 to 1985. |
|
| | |
|
| The launch of the new Panda Trussardi in September 2019, has been accompanied by an innovative communication campaign that celebrates its unique style, changing the rules of automotive communications and positioning the new car as a fashion item. Panda Trussardi features in the video clip of [[Ava Max]]'s new single "Torn", and the spot is “just” a cut from the video clip. The new commercial was directed by [[Joseph Kahn (director)|Joseph Kahn]] who directed video clips for artists such as [[Lady Gaga]], [[Britney Spears]], [[Taylor Swift]], [[Sting (musician)|Sting]] and [[Shaggy (musician)|Shaggy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/trussardi-debuts-customized-panda-car-1203294393/%7Ctitle=Trussardi Debuts Customized Panda Car|last=Carrera|first=Martino|date=2019-09-18|website=WWD|language=en|access-date=2019-10-15}}</ref> | The launch of the new Panda Trussardi in September 2019, has been accompanied by an innovative communication campaign that celebrates its unique style, changing the rules of automotive communications and positioning the new car as a fashion item. Panda Trussardi features in the video clip of [[Ava Max]]'s new single "Torn", and the spot is “just” a cut from the video clip. The new commercial was directed by [[Joseph Kahn (director)|Joseph Kahn]] who directed video clips for artists such as [[Lady Gaga]], [[Britney Spears]], [[Taylor Swift]], [[Sting (musician)|Sting]] and [[Shaggy (musician)|Shaggy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/trussardi-debuts-customized-panda-car-1203294393/%7Ctitle=Trussardi Debuts Customized Panda Car|last=Carrera|first=Martino|date=2019-09-18|website=WWD|language=en|access-date=2019-10-15}}</ref> | | Line 54: | Line 54: | François has often used the [[Super Bowl commercials]] renowned as one of the most expensive advertising slots in the world. | François has often used the [[Super Bowl commercials]] renowned as one of the most expensive advertising slots in the world. |
|
| | |
|
| In 2012 he chose [[Clint Eastwood]] for a new Chrysler campaign named “[[Halftime in America]]”, which was described by the New York Post as “one of the few touchdowns in last night’s advertising Super Bowl” and by CNN Money as “king of the Super Bowl spots”.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://money.cnn.com/2012/02/03/news/companies/super_bowl_ads/index.htm%7Ctitle=Chrysler is king of the Super Bowl spots|last=Smith|first=Aaron|website=CNNMoney|access-date=2019-06-21}}</ref> | In 2012 , he chose [[Clint Eastwood]] for a new Chrysler campaign named “[[Halftime in America]]”, which was described by the New York Post as “one of the few touchdowns in last night’s advertising Super Bowl” and by CNN Money as “king of the Super Bowl spots”.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://money.cnn.com/2012/02/03/news/companies/super_bowl_ads/index.htm%7Ctitle=Chrysler is king of the Super Bowl spots|last=Smith|first=Aaron|website=CNNMoney|access-date=2019-06-21}}</ref> |
|
| | | | Line 72: | Line 72: | | |
|
| | |
|
| 2017 was 60th birthday of [[Fiat 500]]: to mark such a special occasion for the brand François enrolled the Oscar winning American actor and producer, [[Adrien Brody]]. The film debuted the celebrative special series, the 500 Anniversario.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.auto123.com/en/news/fiat-500-ny-museum-stamp/63816/%7Ctitle=Fiat 500 lands in a museum and on a stamp! {{!}} Car News {{!}} Auto123|website=auto123.com|language=en|access-date=2019-06-21}}</ref> | 2017 was 60th birthday of [[Fiat 500]]: to mark such a special occasion for the brand François enrolled the Oscar winning American actor and producer, [[Adrien Brody]]. The film debuted the celebrative special series, the 500 Anniversario.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.auto123.com/en/news/fiat-500-ny-museum-stamp/63816/%7Ctitle=Fiat 500 lands in a museum and on a stamp! {{!}} Car News {{!}} Auto123|website=auto123.com|language=en|access-date=2019-06-21}}</ref> |
|
| 2023-04-14T14:05:53Z |
Jack Dorsey |
diff |
| | | Line 106: | Line 106: | In October 2019, Dorsey donated $350,000 to [[Team Trees|#TeamTrees]], a nonprofit started by YouTuber [[MrBeast]] that pledged to plant 20 million trees by the end of 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://teamtrees.org/%7Ctitle=Help Us Plant 20 Million Trees – Join #TeamTrees|website=teamtrees.org|language=en|access-date=2019-10-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= https://twitter.com/MrBeastYT/status/1189348547889643520%7Ctitle=The CEO of Twitter just planted 150,000 trees!!!!! AM I DREAMING?? :))))))pic.twitter.com/8CrSQlCvIr|last=MrBeast|date=2019-10-29|website=@MrBeastYT|language=en|access-date=2019-10-30}}</ref> | In October 2019, Dorsey donated $350,000 to [[Team Trees|#TeamTrees]], a nonprofit started by YouTuber [[MrBeast]] that pledged to plant 20 million trees by the end of 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://teamtrees.org/%7Ctitle=Help Us Plant 20 Million Trees – Join #TeamTrees|website=teamtrees.org|language=en|access-date=2019-10-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= https://twitter.com/MrBeastYT/status/1189348547889643520%7Ctitle=The CEO of Twitter just planted 150,000 trees!!!!! AM I DREAMING?? :))))))pic.twitter.com/8CrSQlCvIr|last=MrBeast|date=2019-10-29|website=@MrBeastYT|language=en|access-date=2019-10-30}}</ref> |
|
| On April 7, 2020, Dorsey announced that he would move about $1 billion of his equity in [[Square, Inc.]], just under a third of his total wealth, to Start Small, LLC, and to relief programs related to the coronavirus.<ref>{{cite tweet |url= https://twitter.com/jack/status/1247616214769086465 |title=I'm moving $1B of my Square equity (~28% of my wealth) to #startsmall LLC to fund global COVID-19 relief. After we disarm this pandemic, the focus will shift to girl's health and education, and UBI. It will operate transparently, all flows tracked here: |user=Jack |number=1247616214769086465 |date=April 7, 2020 |first=Jack |last=Dorsey |access-date=April 7, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/hayleycuccinello/2020/04/15/jack-dorsey-bill-gates-and-at-least-75-other-billionaires-donating-to-pandemic-relief/%7Ctitle=Jack Dorsey, Bill Gates And At Least 75 Other Billionaires Donating To Pandemic Relief|last=Cuccinello|first=Hayley C.|website=Forbes|language=en|access-date=2020-04-27}}</ref> He committed to funding [[COVID-19]] relief, girls' education and health, and [[universal basic income]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/07/technology/jack-dorsey-donate-1-billion-coronavirus.html |title=Jack Dorsey Vows to Donate $1 Billion to Fight the Coronavirus |date=April 7, 2020 |newspaper=The New York Times |first=Mike |last=Isaac |access-date=April 8, 2020 }}</ref> Dorsey has donated $24 million to over 40 different grantees for relief efforts.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top 10 Highest Private Donations By Billionaires For COVID-19 Relief|url= http://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/billionaires/world-billionaires/top-10-highest-private-donations-by-billionaires-for-covid-19-relief%7Clast=Gandhi%7Cfirst=Jamila%7Cdate=May 12, 2020|website=Forbes Middle East|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref> | On April 7, 2020, Dorsey announced that he would move about $1 billion of his equity in [[Square, Inc.]], just under a third of his total wealth, to Start Small, LLC, and to relief programs related to the coronavirus.<ref>{{cite tweet |url= https://twitter.com/jack/status/1247616214769086465 |title=I'm moving $1B of my Square equity (~28% of my wealth) to #startsmall LLC to fund global COVID-19 relief. After we disarm this pandemic, the focus will shift to girl's health and education, and UBI. It will operate transparently, all flows tracked here: |user=Jack |number=1247616214769086465 |date=April 7, 2020 |first=Jack |last=Dorsey |access-date=April 7, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/hayleycuccinello/2020/04/15/jack-dorsey-bill-gates-and-at-least-75-other-billionaires-donating-to-pandemic-relief/%7Ctitle=Jack Dorsey, Bill Gates And At Least 75 Other Billionaires Donating To Pandemic Relief|last=Cuccinello|first=Hayley C.|website=Forbes|language=en|access-date=2020-04-27 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 April 2020 |title=Jack Dorsey to donate $1 billion to fund COVID-19 relief and other charities |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/4/7/21212766/jack-dorsey-coronavirus-covid-19-donate-relief-fund-square-twitter |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=The Verge}}</ref> He committed to funding [[COVID-19]] relief, girls' education and health, and [[universal basic income]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/07/technology/jack-dorsey-donate-1-billion-coronavirus.html |title=Jack Dorsey Vows to Donate $1 Billion to Fight the Coronavirus |date=April 7, 2020 |newspaper=The New York Times |first=Mike |last=Isaac |access-date=April 8, 2020 }}</ref> Dorsey has donated $24 million to over 40 different grantees for relief efforts.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top 10 Highest Private Donations By Billionaires For COVID-19 Relief|url= http://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/billionaires/world-billionaires/top-10-highest-private-donations-by-billionaires-for-covid-19-relief%7Clast=Gandhi%7Cfirst=Jamila%7Cdate=May 12, 2020|website=Forbes Middle East|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref> |
|
| | |
|
| 2023-04-14T13:59:24Z |
Sundar Pichai |
diff |
| | | Line 58: | Line 58: |
|
| == Awards and recognition == | == Awards and recognition == | | |
|
| == Personal life == | == Personal life == |
|
| 2023-04-14T13:53:45Z |
Linda Jackson (businesswoman) |
diff |
| | | Line 31: | Line 31: | | |
|
| In 2005, Jackson joined Citroën as finance director.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url= https://www.ft.com/content/2d8015de-80e6-11e6-8e50-8ec15fb462f4%7Ctitle=How an EMBA fuelled Linda Jackson's drive to become Citroën CEO|last=Campbell|first=Peter|date=2016-10-11|website=Financial Times|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-07-31}}</ref> In 2009, she became finance director of Citroën France before serving as the managing director for Citroën UK and Ireland from 2010 to 2014.<ref name=":4" /> Her main goal during this tenure was to boost brand recognition of Citroën in the UK, a market where Citroën remained a small player on a declining slope, and focused on the dealership distribution network.<ref name=":3" /> | In 2005, Jackson joined Citroën as finance director.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url= https://www.ft.com/content/2d8015de-80e6-11e6-8e50-8ec15fb462f4%7Ctitle=How an EMBA fuelled Linda Jackson's drive to become Citroën CEO|last=Campbell|first=Peter|date=2016-10-11|website=Financial Times|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-07-31}}</ref> In 2009, she became finance director of Citroën France before serving as the managing director for Citroën UK and Ireland from 2010 to 2014.<ref name=":4" / ><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2 June 2018 |title=Linda Jackson, DG de Citroën : "Les quotas ne sont pas favorables aux femmes" |url=https://www.capital.fr/votre-carriere/linda-jackson-dg-de-citroen-les-quotas-ne-sont-pas-favorables-aux-femmes-1301308 |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=Capital}}</ref> Her main goal during this tenure was to boost brand recognition of Citroën in the UK, a market where Citroën remained a small player on a declining slope, and focused on the dealership distribution network.<ref name=":3" /> |
|
| In 2014, Jackson became the CEO of Citroën.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> She is the first English woman, and third woman overall, to run a major car company.<ref name=":2" /> During her time as CEO, Jackson began overseeing a plan to stabilize and secure profitability of the company.<ref name="LindaJackson" /> | In 2014, Jackson became the CEO of Citroën.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> She is the first English woman, and third woman overall, to run a major car company.<ref name=":2" /> During her time as CEO, Jackson began overseeing a plan to stabilize and secure profitability of the company.<ref name="LindaJackson" /> |
|
| In January 2020, she was succeeded as CEO of Citroën by the deputy CEO [[Vincent Cobée]], and she would instead "lead a study to clarify and support brand differentiation within a brand portfolio".<ref name="Autocar">{{cite news |last1=Attwood |first1=James |title=Citroen and DS get new bosses in PSA reshuffle |url= https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/industry/citroen-and-ds-get-new-bosses-psa-reshuffle |access-date=5 June 2020 |work=Autocar |date=15 January 2020}}</ref> | In January 2020, she was succeeded as CEO of Citroën by the deputy CEO [[Vincent Cobée]], and she would instead "lead a study to clarify and support brand differentiation within a brand portfolio".<ref name="Autocar">{{cite news |last1=Attwood |first1=James |title=Citroen and DS get new bosses in PSA reshuffle |url= https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/industry/citroen-and-ds-get-new-bosses-psa-reshuffle |access-date=5 June 2020 |work=Autocar |date=15 January 2020}}</ref> |
|
| 2023-04-14T13:46:17Z |
Jamie Dimon |
diff |
| | | Line 122: | Line 122: | | | | | | |
|
| ==References== | ==References== |
|
| 2023-04-14T13:17:13Z |
Linda Jackson (businesswoman) |
diff |
| | | Line 43: | Line 43: |
|
| == Prizes == | == Prizes == | | |
| | | |
|
| ==References== | ==References== |
|
| 2023-04-12T15:18:11Z |
Royal Canin |
diff |
| | | Line 43: | Line 43: |
|
| By 2008, as much as eighty percent of Royal Canin's one and a half billion euro revenue was generated from sales outside France. The number of staff employed worldwide was around four thousand five hundred.{{sfn|Chamber of Commerce}} | By 2008, as much as eighty percent of Royal Canin's one and a half billion euro revenue was generated from sales outside France. The number of staff employed worldwide was around four thousand five hundred.{{sfn|Chamber of Commerce}} | |
| | == Products and services == | | | |
| | | |
| | === Food === | | | |
| | |
|
| == Research == | == Research == |
|
| 2023-04-12T14:09:42Z |
Nestlé Purina PetCare |
diff |
| | | Line 60: | Line 60: | | |
|
| | |
|
| | |
|
| ===Legal issues=== | ===Legal issues=== |
|
| 2023-04-12T14:04:43Z |
Nestlé Purina PetCare |
diff |
|
| 2023-04-12T13:51:40Z |
Nestlé Purina PetCare |
diff |
| | | Line 135: | Line 135: | In 2010, Nestlé Purina Petcare won the [[Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award]] based on organizational and manufacturing performance.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nestlé Purina: building on a tradition of trust|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=Watt Petfood Industry|archive-date=February 23, 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150223061847/http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Curl-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=How Nestlé Purina PetCare earned the Malcolm Baldrige Award|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/NestleBaldrige.aspx%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> Its manufacturing operations have continuously reduced the amount of materials used in packaging, increased the recycling of waste product and reduced water usage, in addition to installing solar panels to produce electricity for its offices and facilities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Heroes of the Planet – Nestlé Purina PetCare|date=October 26, 2012|url= http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/print-edition/2012/10/26/heroes-of-the-planet---nestle-purina.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2011, Nestlé Purina Petcare was ranked as one of 11 most sustainable companies in Two Tomorrow's annual ranking.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina's parent company ranks among top 'green' firms|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=October 27, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestle_Purina_s_parent_company_ranks_among_top__green__firms.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> As of 2014, it has 19 manufacturing plants.<ref>{{citation|url= https://www.nestlepurinacareers.com/why-purina/our-locations/%7Ctitle=Our locations|publisher=Nestle Purina Petcare|access-date=November 5, 2014}}</ref>{{efn|Nestle Purina had 26 manufacturing facilities in 2012<ref name="eleventwelve"/>}} | In 2010, Nestlé Purina Petcare won the [[Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award]] based on organizational and manufacturing performance.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nestlé Purina: building on a tradition of trust|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=Watt Petfood Industry|archive-date=February 23, 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150223061847/http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Curl-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=How Nestlé Purina PetCare earned the Malcolm Baldrige Award|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/NestleBaldrige.aspx%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> Its manufacturing operations have continuously reduced the amount of materials used in packaging, increased the recycling of waste product and reduced water usage, in addition to installing solar panels to produce electricity for its offices and facilities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Heroes of the Planet – Nestlé Purina PetCare|date=October 26, 2012|url= http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/print-edition/2012/10/26/heroes-of-the-planet---nestle-purina.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2011, Nestlé Purina Petcare was ranked as one of 11 most sustainable companies in Two Tomorrow's annual ranking.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina's parent company ranks among top 'green' firms|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=October 27, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestle_Purina_s_parent_company_ranks_among_top__green__firms.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> As of 2014, it has 19 manufacturing plants.<ref>{{citation|url= https://www.nestlepurinacareers.com/why-purina/our-locations/%7Ctitle=Our locations|publisher=Nestle Purina Petcare|access-date=November 5, 2014}}</ref>{{efn|Nestle Purina had 26 manufacturing facilities in 2012<ref name="eleventwelve"/>}} |
|
| | |
|
| ==See also== | ==See also== |
|
| 2023-04-08T15:35:31Z |
Peugeot |
diff |
| | | Line 267: | Line 267: | * 2006 – [[Peugeot 1007]] | * 2006 – [[Peugeot 1007]] | * 2007 – [[Peugeot 207]] | * 2007 – [[Peugeot 207]] | | | * 2012 – [[Peugeot 508]] | | | |
|
|
|
| 2023-04-08T15:31:13Z |
Peugeot |
diff |
| | | Line 268: | Line 268: | * 2007 – [[Peugeot 207]] | * 2007 – [[Peugeot 207]] | * 2012 – [[Peugeot 508]] | * 2012 – [[Peugeot 508]] | | | * 2013 – [[Peugeot 208]] | |
|
| ==== Best-Selling Car in Europe ==== | ==== Best-Selling Car in Europe ==== |
|
| 2023-04-08T15:16:52Z |
Royal Canin |
diff |
| | | Line 32: | Line 32: | Production steadily increased and in 1970, the company was incorporated as "Royal Canin [[S.A. (corporation)|S. A.]]"; a larger factory was opened in [[Aimargues]] and began distribution throughout Europe. Forty staff were employed in the annual production of five–thousand five hundred tons of feed. A subsidiary, Royal Canin Iberica, was established in Spain. In March 1972, Cathary sold the company to the Guyomarc'h Group,{{sfn|Company Histories}}{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p = 26}}{{sfn|Pierce|Hoovers}} a much larger, family-run animal feed business founded by Jean Guyomarc’h in 1954, which specialised in livestock feed.{{sfn|List of companies}}{{efn|Guyomarc'h changed its name to Evialis at the beginning of 2001.}} | Production steadily increased and in 1970, the company was incorporated as "Royal Canin [[S.A. (corporation)|S. A.]]"; a larger factory was opened in [[Aimargues]] and began distribution throughout Europe. Forty staff were employed in the annual production of five–thousand five hundred tons of feed. A subsidiary, Royal Canin Iberica, was established in Spain. In March 1972, Cathary sold the company to the Guyomarc'h Group,{{sfn|Company Histories}}{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p = 26}}{{sfn|Pierce|Hoovers}} a much larger, family-run animal feed business founded by Jean Guyomarc’h in 1954, which specialised in livestock feed.{{sfn|List of companies}}{{efn|Guyomarc'h changed its name to Evialis at the beginning of 2001.}} |
|
| The period under the ownership of Guyomarc'h saw a marked expansion of the company, particularly in the area of research and development. A dedicated research centre was opened in [[Saint-Nolff]], Brittany, during 1973. Over the ten years up to 1982 additional subsidiaries were also set up in other European countries. These included Italy, Sweden, Belgium, Spain, Germany and Denmark. Another factory was built in northern France to service sales in the countries of the north of Europe.{{sfn|Pierce|Hoovers}} | The period under the ownership of Guyomarc'h saw a marked expansion of the company, particularly in the area of research and development. A dedicated research centre was opened in [[Saint-Nolff]], Brittany, during 1973. Over the ten years up to 1982 additional subsidiaries were also set up in other European countries. These included Italy, Sweden, Belgium, Spain, Germany and Denmark. Another factory was built in northern France to service sales in the countries of the north of Europe.{{sfn|Pierce|Hoovers}} From 1982 onwards, Royal Canin diversified its portfolio to products such as canned food and bird seed and saw its production quadruple to 200,000 tons in 10 years.<ref name=":0" /> |
|
| The Guyomarc'h group of companies was purchased by the [[BNP Paribas|Paribas Bank]] in 1990.{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=27}} Royal Canin recorded a loss in 1993; the following year the Guyomarc'h group was divided into four separate businesses, one of which remained as Royal Canin. In 1944, a new CEO was appointed and focused on 3 pillars: dry food, health through nutrition and dog-handling expertise.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2018 |title=Royal Canin, 50 ans et toujours innovant |url= https://www.capital.fr/votre-carriere/royal-canin-50-ans-et-toujours-innovant-1317304 |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=Capital}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 1994 |title=Royal Canin a retrouvé la forme |url= https://www.lesechos.fr/1994/07/royal-canin-a-retrouve-la-forme-886070 |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=Les Echos}}</ref> The bank wished to sell Royal Canin but its chairman managed to persuade it to list it on the Paris stock exchange instead, which took place in 1997.{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=28}} Forty–three percent of the company was floated on the stock market and it raised the company's valuation to four and half billion [[French franc|francs]]. The additional revenue raised provided the funding to buy Crown Pet Foods in 1999 and the James Wellbeloved brand in 2000.{{sfn|Company Histories}}{{sfn|This is Dorset|2009}}{{sfn|Crown Pet Foods}} | The Guyomarc'h group of companies was purchased by the [[BNP Paribas|Paribas Bank]] in 1990.{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=27}} Royal Canin recorded a loss in 1993; the following year the Guyomarc'h group was divided into four separate businesses, one of which remained as Royal Canin. In 1944, a new CEO was appointed and focused on 3 pillars: dry food, health through nutrition and dog-handling expertise.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=26 November 2018 |title=Royal Canin, 50 ans et toujours innovant |url= https://www.capital.fr/votre-carriere/royal-canin-50-ans-et-toujours-innovant-1317304 |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=Capital}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 1994 |title=Royal Canin a retrouvé la forme |url= https://www.lesechos.fr/1994/07/royal-canin-a-retrouve-la-forme-886070 |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=Les Echos}}</ref> The bank wished to sell Royal Canin but its chairman managed to persuade it to list it on the Paris stock exchange instead, which took place in 1997.{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=28}} Forty–three percent of the company was floated on the stock market and it raised the company's valuation to four and half billion [[French franc|francs]]. The additional revenue raised provided the funding to buy Crown Pet Foods in 1999 and the James Wellbeloved brand in 2000.{{sfn|Company Histories}}{{sfn|This is Dorset|2009}}{{sfn|Crown Pet Foods}} |
|
| The bank sold its holding in the company to [[Mars, Incorporated]] in July 2001 for in excess of one and a half billion [[euro]]s. The majority of this payment, almost ninety–three percent, was for "goodwill". The [[European Commission]] only agreed to the takeover by Mars if Royal Canin disposed of some assets to Agrolimen, a Spanish company.{{sfn|Pierce|Hoovers}}{{sfn|Just-food.com|2002}} Royal Canin was removed from the stock exchange listing after the take over by Mars.{{sfn|Meller|2002}} | The bank sold its holding in the company to [[Mars, Incorporated]] in July 2001 for in excess of one and a half billion [[euro]]s. The majority of this payment, almost ninety–three percent, was for "goodwill". The [[European Commission]] only agreed to the takeover by Mars if Royal Canin disposed of some assets to Agrolimen, a Spanish company.{{sfn|Pierce|Hoovers}}{{sfn|Just-food.com|2002}} Royal Canin was removed from the stock exchange listing after the take over by Mars.{{sfn|Meller|2002}} |
|
| 2023-04-08T15:06:00Z |
Royal Canin |
diff |
| | | Line 51: | Line 51: | === Veterinary and peer-reviewed journals === | === Veterinary and peer-reviewed journals === | With the help of academics, the company also produces [[encyclopedia]]s about dog and cat breeds, which have been translated into fifteen languages. There are also books on breeding, nutrition and publications aimed at breeders and veterinary surgeons. Royal Canin also published the scientific quarterly titled FOCUS which was circulated to in excess of seventy thousand veterinarians worldwide in eleven different languages. FOCUS is now called Veterinary Focus magazine. This is in addition to the one thousand four hundred fifty veterinary literatures produced for the [[Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition]].{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=36}}{{sfn|IVIS}} | With the help of academics, the company also produces [[encyclopedia]]s about dog and cat breeds, which have been translated into fifteen languages. There are also books on breeding, nutrition and publications aimed at breeders and veterinary surgeons. Royal Canin also published the scientific quarterly titled FOCUS which was circulated to in excess of seventy thousand veterinarians worldwide in eleven different languages. FOCUS is now called Veterinary Focus magazine. This is in addition to the one thousand four hundred fifty veterinary literatures produced for the [[Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition]].{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=36}}{{sfn|IVIS}} | |
| | === Studies === | | |
|
| == Recruitment of specialists and sponsorships == | == Recruitment of specialists and sponsorships == |
|
| 2023-04-08T14:34:16Z |
Nestlé Purina PetCare |
diff |
|
| 2023-04-08T14:06:32Z |
Nestlé Purina PetCare |
diff |
| | | Line 33: | Line 33: |
|
| ===Origins=== | ===Origins=== | In 1894, [[William H. Danforth]] partnered with George Robinson and William Andrews, as they entered the business of feeding farm animals by founding the [[Purina Mills|Robinson-Danforth Commission Company]] in St. Louis, Missouri. The name was changed to Ralston Purina in 1902.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.purina-arabia.com/meet-purina/history%7Ctitle=Origin of Purina | publisher=Purina}}</ref> This was the same year (1902 ) that Ralston Purina built their first building at the current headquarters, 800 Chouteau Ave, St. Louis, Missouri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=800 Chouteau Avenue, St. Louis, MO {{!}} Office Building |url= https://www.commercialcafe.com/commercial-property/us/mo/st-louis/800-chouteau-avenue/ |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=www.commercialcafe.com}}</ref> | In 1894, [[William H. Danforth]] partnered with George Robinson and William Andrews, as they entered the business of feeding farm animals by founding the [[Purina Mills|Robinson-Danforth Commission Company]] in St. Louis, Missouri. The name was changed to Ralston Purina in 1902.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.purina-arabia.com/meet-purina/history%7Ctitle=Origin of Purina | publisher=Purina}}</ref> This was the same year , 1902 , when Ralston Purina built their first building at the current headquarters, 800 Chouteau Ave, St. Louis, Missouri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=800 Chouteau Avenue, St. Louis, MO {{!}} Office Building |url= https://www.commercialcafe.com/commercial-property/us/mo/st-louis/800-chouteau-avenue/ |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=www.commercialcafe.com}}</ref> | Nestlé Purina Petcare was formed in December 2001,<ref name="one">{{cite news|url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1893&dat=20011213&id=viovAAAAIBAJ&pg=1266,6627049%7Cagency=Associated Press|title=Nestle Completes Deal to purchase Ralston Purina|access-date=August 27, 2014|date=December 13, 2001|first=David|last=Scott}}</ref> when Nestlé acquired Ralston Purina for $10.3 billion and merged it with Nestlé's pet food business, Friskies PetCare Company.<ref name="one"/> Ralston had marketed the Dog Chow, Cat Chow and Pro Plan pet food brands, while Nestlé produced Friskies and [[Alpo (pet food)|Alpo]] brand pet foods.<ref name="seven"/> | Nestlé Purina Petcare was formed in December 2001,<ref name="one">{{cite news|url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1893&dat=20011213&id=viovAAAAIBAJ&pg=1266,6627049%7Cagency=Associated Press|title=Nestle Completes Deal to purchase Ralston Purina|access-date=August 27, 2014|date=December 13, 2001|first=David|last=Scott}}</ref> when Nestlé acquired Ralston Purina for $10.3 billion and merged it with Nestlé's pet food business, Friskies PetCare Company.<ref name="one"/> Ralston had marketed the Dog Chow, Cat Chow and Pro Plan pet food brands, while Nestlé produced Friskies and [[Alpo (pet food)|Alpo]] brand pet foods.<ref name="seven"/> |
|
| | Line 39: | Line 39: |
|
| ===Early history=== | ===Early history=== | Nestlé Purina Petcare continued integrating the two companies through 2002.<ref>{{cite news|title=Friskies adjusts after merger|newspaper=St. Joseph News-Press|date=March 6, 2002 |first=Greg|last=Kozol|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14658558.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924184754/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14658558.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref> It cut back dry dog food manufacturing at facilities inherited from Friskies PetCare Company in Jefferson, Wisconsin, St. Joseph, Missouri and Arden Hills, Minnesota, then moved those operations to manufacturing facilities acquired from Ralston.<ref>{{cite news|title=Wall Street Probe Expands Past Merrill|newspaper=The Capital Times|date=April 11, 2002|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-84694819.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924164532/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-84694819.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Friskies will close St. Joseph facility; 120 jobs lost|newspaper=St. Joseph News-Press|date=April 9, 2002|access-date=September 1, 2014|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14662043.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924184757/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14662043.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> Expanded manufacturing facilities were planned in [[Dunkirk, New York]]<ref>{{cite news|title=IDA OKs Sales of Land for Nestlé Purina Expansion|newspaper=The Buffalo News|date=February 21, 2002 |first=Norma|last=Braude|access-date=September 1, 2014|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-22455478.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924190708/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-22455478.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> and the St. Joseph location was later expanded for wet-food production.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina PetCare plans $36 million expansion in St. Joe|newspaper=St. Joseph News-Press|date=July 20, 2006|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14712698.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328204309/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14712698.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=March 28, 2015|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref> In Asia it shifted from a "dealer system" to managing its own distribution.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle to scrap Purina unit's dealer network|newspaper=The Nation|date=August 1, 2002|access-date=September 1, 2014|first=Kwanchai|last=Rungfapaisarn|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-54884472.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924181515/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-54884472.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> In 2004 Nestlé Purina merged its North American and Latin America operations into a Nestlé Purina PetCare Americas division.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Consolidates Pet-Products Units in St. Louis.|newspaper=Knight Ridder/Tribune Business News|date=May 1, 2004|access-date=September 1, 2014|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-116099428.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924062735/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-116099428.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> | Nestlé Purina Petcare continued integrating the two companies through 2002.<ref>{{cite news|title=Friskies adjusts after merger|newspaper=St. Joseph News-Press|date=March 6, 2002 |first=Greg|last=Kozol|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14658558.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924184754/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14658558.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref> It cut back dry dog food manufacturing at facilities inherited from Friskies PetCare Company in Jefferson, Wisconsin, St. Joseph, Missouri and Arden Hills, Minnesota, then moved those operations to manufacturing facilities acquired from Ralston.<ref>{{cite news|title=Wall Street Probe Expands Past Merrill|newspaper=The Capital Times|date=April 11, 2002|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-84694819.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924164532/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-84694819.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Friskies will close St. Joseph facility; 120 jobs lost|newspaper=St. Joseph News-Press|date=April 9, 2002|access-date=September 1, 2014|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14662043.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924184757/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14662043.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> Expanded manufacturing facilities were planned in [[Dunkirk, New York]]<ref>{{cite news|title=IDA OKs Sales of Land for Nestlé Purina Expansion|newspaper=The Buffalo News|date=February 21, 2002 |first=Norma|last=Braude|access-date=September 1, 2014|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-22455478.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924190708/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-22455478.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> and the St. Joseph location was later expanded for wet-food production.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina PetCare plans $36 million expansion in St. Joe|newspaper=St. Joseph News-Press|date=July 20, 2006|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14712698.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328204309/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14712698.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=March 28, 2015|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref> In Asia it shifted from a "dealer system" to managing its own distribution.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle to scrap Purina unit's dealer network|newspaper=The Nation|date=August 1, 2002|access-date=September 1, 2014|first=Kwanchai|last=Rungfapaisarn|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-54884472.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924181515/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-54884472.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> In 2004 , Nestlé Purina merged its North American and Latin America operations into a Nestlé Purina PetCare Americas division.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Consolidates Pet-Products Units in St. Louis.|newspaper=Knight Ridder/Tribune Business News|date=May 1, 2004|access-date=September 1, 2014|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-116099428.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924062735/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-116099428.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> |
|
| | In 2003, Nestlé Purina Petcare formed a partnership with the Canine Health Foundation to advance veterinary research.<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina, CHF announce partnership|newspaper=Feedstuffs|date=March 31, 2003|access-date=September 1, 2014|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-99826944.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924165924/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-99826944.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> The following year the company donated 80 tons of pet food to pets affected by [[Hurricane Charley]] in Florida and donated $100,000 to local animal shelters.<ref name="Turner2007"/> Nestlé Purina Petcare grew from about 11 percent of Nestlé's revenues in 2001, to one-third by 2005.<ref name="djklafhoiunvau"/> By 2006 , it was the largest market-share holder in the pet food industry with 32 percent of the market.<ref name="Nestle2008">{{cite book|author=Marion Nestle|title=Pet Food Politics: The Chihuahua in the Coal Mine|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=KgJvbjIHavMC&pg=PA17%7Cdate=August 16, 2008|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-94198-4|pages=17|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> |
|
| ===Recent history=== | ===Recent history=== | | Line 72: | Line 72: | In 2005, Nestlé Purina Petcare voluntarily recalled all of its dry pet food produced from a plant in La Encrucijada, Venezuela after an internal investigation verified contaminants that were causing illnesses in pets.<ref name="djklafhoiunvau">{{cite news|title=Purina PetCare recalls pet food made in Venezuela|newspaper=St Louis Post-Dispatch|date=February 20, 2005|first=Mary Jo|last=Feldstein|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-129027888.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924124245/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-129027888.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> According to Fortune Magazine, in 2007 the pet food market "plunged into turmoil" due to the widespread discovery of contaminated ingredients.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pet food wars: David v. Goliath edition|first=Elizabeth|last=Olson|date=May 28, 2014|url= http://fortune.com/2014/05/28/pet-food-wars-david-v-goliath-edition/%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> During this period, Nestle Purina voluntarily recalled some of its Alpo Prime Cuts in Gravy product<ref>{{cite news|url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=20070318&id=8PRYAAAAIBAJ&pg=6779,4063448%7Cfirst=Matthew%7Clast=Verrinder%7Caccess-date=August 27, 2014|agency=Associated Press|title=dog, cat owners worry over recall of food brands}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1908&dat=20070401&id=OwYxAAAAIBAJ&pg=4080,21010%7Cfirst=Andrew%7Clast=Bridges%7Cagency=Associated Press|access-date=August 27, 2014|title=Pet food recall grows to include first dry products}}</ref> in the US that contained wheat gluten from China contaminated with [[melamine]].<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.ctvnews.ca/contaminated-pet-food-recall-once-again-expands-1.235536%7Ctitle=Contaminated pet food recall once again expands|publisher=CTV News|date=November 5, 2007 |last=Dilworth|first=Dianna|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref> | In 2005, Nestlé Purina Petcare voluntarily recalled all of its dry pet food produced from a plant in La Encrucijada, Venezuela after an internal investigation verified contaminants that were causing illnesses in pets.<ref name="djklafhoiunvau">{{cite news|title=Purina PetCare recalls pet food made in Venezuela|newspaper=St Louis Post-Dispatch|date=February 20, 2005|first=Mary Jo|last=Feldstein|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-129027888.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924124245/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-129027888.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> According to Fortune Magazine, in 2007 the pet food market "plunged into turmoil" due to the widespread discovery of contaminated ingredients.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pet food wars: David v. Goliath edition|first=Elizabeth|last=Olson|date=May 28, 2014|url= http://fortune.com/2014/05/28/pet-food-wars-david-v-goliath-edition/%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> During this period, Nestle Purina voluntarily recalled some of its Alpo Prime Cuts in Gravy product<ref>{{cite news|url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=20070318&id=8PRYAAAAIBAJ&pg=6779,4063448%7Cfirst=Matthew%7Clast=Verrinder%7Caccess-date=August 27, 2014|agency=Associated Press|title=dog, cat owners worry over recall of food brands}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1908&dat=20070401&id=OwYxAAAAIBAJ&pg=4080,21010%7Cfirst=Andrew%7Clast=Bridges%7Cagency=Associated Press|access-date=August 27, 2014|title=Pet food recall grows to include first dry products}}</ref> in the US that contained wheat gluten from China contaminated with [[melamine]].<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.ctvnews.ca/contaminated-pet-food-recall-once-again-expands-1.235536%7Ctitle=Contaminated pet food recall once again expands|publisher=CTV News|date=November 5, 2007 |last=Dilworth|first=Dianna|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref> |
|
| In August 2013 Purina recalled some of its Purina ONE Beyond dog food, because of one bag that was found to contain [[salmonella]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina recalls some dog food for salmonella risk|date=August 30, 2013|url= http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-08-30/purina-recalls-some-dog-food-for-salmonella-risk%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005346/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-08-30/purina-recalls-some-dog-food-for-salmonella-risk%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014|access-date=September 2, 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek}}</ref> In 2012 a consumer sued Nestlé Purina Petcare when his pet died after eating Waggin' Train treats.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nestle Purina Sued Over Dog Treats Owner Says Are Deadly|first=Andrew|last=Harris|date=April 19, 2012|url= http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-04-19/nestle-unit-faces-dog-owner-lawsuit-over-allegedly-toxic-treats%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428092944/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-04-19/nestle-unit-faces-dog-owner-lawsuit-over-allegedly-toxic-treats%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=April 28, 2012|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> The [[Food and Drug Administration]] received more than 900 reports from grieving pet owners that alleged the treat was causing illness or death in their pets due to chicken products from China.<ref name="dafoboruebva"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Chinese Pet Treats Linked to 900 Dog Deaths, Illnesses|date=May 23, 2012|first=Cindy|last=Galli|publisher=ABC News|url= https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/chinese-pet-treats-linked-900-dog-deaths-illnesses/story?id=16414600%7Caccess-date=October 2, 2014}}</ref> The FDA had issued warnings regarding these ingredients, but lab tests repeatedly confirmed there were no contaminants. Later that year, another consumer started a petition on Change.org asking retailers to voluntarily stop carrying the product. The petition attracted 60,000 signatures.<ref name="dafoboruebva">{{cite news|title=Grieving pet owners take jerky treat fight to the stores|date=September 27, 2012|url= http://vitals.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/09/27/14114813-grieving-pet-owners-take-jerky-treat-fight-to-the-stores%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=ABC News}}</ref> The following year, Waggin' Train and Canyon Creek dog treats were voluntarily taken off the market temporarily after the [[New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets]] identified trace amounts of antibiotic residue, which is allowed in Europe and China, but not approved in the US.<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina, Milo's Kitchen pulling some dog treats|date=January 9, 2013|url= http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-01-09/purina-taking-some-jerky-dog-treats-off-market%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005317/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-01-09/purina-taking-some-jerky-dog-treats-off-market%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014|agency=Associated Press|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In early 2014, a $6.5 million settlement was reached, pending approval by the court.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jerky Pet Treat Deal: Makers Agree to $6.5 Million Fund|first=Jonel|last=Aleccia|url= https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/jerky-pet-treat-deal-makers-agree-6-5-million-fund-n119021%7Cdate=May 30, 2014|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> According to The Washington Post, the company later re-introduced the brands after "revamping its manufacturing process and overhauling its supply chain".<ref>{{cite news|title=Chasing the toxic culprit|first=Dennis|last=Brady|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=March 29, 2014|page=A.1}}</ref> | In August 2013 Purina recalled some of its Purina ONE Beyond dog food, because of one bag that was found to contain [[salmonella]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina recalls some dog food for salmonella risk|date=August 30, 2013|url= http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-08-30/purina-recalls-some-dog-food-for-salmonella-risk%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005346/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-08-30/purina-recalls-some-dog-food-for-salmonella-risk%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014|access-date=September 2, 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek}}</ref> In 2012 a consumer sued Nestlé Purina Petcare when his pet died after eating Waggin' Train treats.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nestle Purina Sued Over Dog Treats Owner Says Are Deadly|first=Andrew|last=Harris|date=April 19, 2012|url= http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-04-19/nestle-unit-faces-dog-owner-lawsuit-over-allegedly-toxic-treats%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428092944/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-04-19/nestle-unit-faces-dog-owner-lawsuit-over-allegedly-toxic-treats%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=April 28, 2012|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> The [[Food and Drug Administration]] received more than 900 reports from grieving pet owners that alleged the treat was causing illness or death in their pets due to chicken products from China.<ref name="dafoboruebva"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Chinese Pet Treats Linked to 900 Dog Deaths, Illnesses|date=May 23, 2012|first=Cindy|last=Galli|publisher=ABC News|url= https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/chinese-pet-treats-linked-900-dog-deaths-illnesses/story?id=16414600%7Caccess-date=October 2, 2014}}</ref> The FDA had issued warnings regarding these ingredients, but lab tests repeatedly confirmed there were no contaminants. Later that year, another consumer started a petition on Change.org asking retailers to voluntarily stop carrying the product. The petition attracted 60,000 signatures.<ref name="dafoboruebva">{{cite news|title=Grieving pet owners take jerky treat fight to the stores|date=September 27, 2012|url= http://vitals.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/09/27/14114813-grieving-pet-owners-take-jerky-treat-fight-to-the-stores%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=ABC News}}</ref> The following year, Waggin' Train and Canyon Creek dog treats were voluntarily taken off the market temporarily after the [[New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets]] identified trace amounts of antibiotic residue, which is allowed in Europe and China, but not approved in the US.<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina, Milo's Kitchen pulling some dog treats|date=January 9, 2013|url= http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-01-09/purina-taking-some-jerky-dog-treats-off-market%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005317/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-01-09/purina-taking-some-jerky-dog-treats-off-market%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014|agency=Associated Press|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In early -2014, a $6.5 million settlement was reached, pending approval by the court.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jerky Pet Treat Deal: Makers Agree to $6.5 Million Fund|first=Jonel|last=Aleccia|url= https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/jerky-pet-treat-deal-makers-agree-6-5-million-fund-n119021%7Cdate=May 30, 2014|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> According to The Washington Post, the company later re-introduced the brands after "revamping its manufacturing process and overhauling its supply chain".<ref>{{cite news|title=Chasing the toxic culprit|first=Dennis|last=Brady|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=March 29, 2014|page=A.1}}</ref> |
|
| ==Products and services== | ==Products and services== | According to a [[SWOT analysis]] by MarketLine, Nestlé Purina Petcare's pet food brands that contribute substantially to revenue include Purina, Purina Dog Chow, Friskies, Purina Beneful and Purina ONE.<ref name="swot">{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina PetCare Company SWOT Analysis|date=June 2013|publisher=MarketLine}}</ref> Some brands, such as Alpo are intended for budget shoppers, while others like Purina ONE and Beneful cost more and are for health or ingredient conscious consumers.<ref name="danfkljd"/> [[Purina ONE]] has been its fastest-growing brand.<ref name="Turner2007">{{cite book|author=Tyya Turner|title=Vault Guide to the Top Consumer Products Employers|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=aT59Q0J1QV0C&pg=PA261%7Cdate=July 2007|publisher=Vault Inc.|isbn=978-1-58131-404-5|pages=261}}</ref> | According to a [[SWOT analysis]] by MarketLine, Nestlé Purina Petcare's pet food brands that contribute substantially to revenue include Purina, Purina Dog Chow, Friskies, Purina Beneful and Purina ONE.<ref name="swot">{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina PetCare Company SWOT Analysis|date=June 2013|publisher=MarketLine}}</ref> Some brands, such as Alpo are intended for budget shoppers, while others like Purina ONE and Beneful cost more and are for health or ingredient conscious consumers.<ref name="danfkljd"/> [[Purina ONE]] has been its fastest-growing brand.<ref name="Turner2007">{{cite book|author=Tyya Turner|title=Vault Guide to the Top Consumer Products Employers|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=aT59Q0J1QV0C&pg=PA261%7Cdate=July 2007|publisher=Vault Inc.|isbn=978-1-58131-404-5|pages=261}}</ref> |
|
| The company introduced an appetizer cat food, Fancy Feast Appetizers, in 2009.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fancy Feast treats make Nestle Purina the cats' meow|date=July 18, 2010|first=Lisa|last=Brown|newspaper=St. Louis Dispatch|url= http://www.stltoday.com/business/fancy-feast-treats-make-nestle-purina-the-cats-meow/article_3474ab27-18dd-59d3-9d75-a151a654a5c3.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> A Purina Pro Plan line for senior dogs was introduced in 2010. It contains medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) for brain function and has whole grains for digestion.<ref name="bloomberga"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Scientists claim you can teach an old dog new tricks if you feed them right|first=Richard|last=Alleyne|date=June 1, 2010|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/uploadedImages/PetfoodIndustry/News/Scientists-claim-you-can-teach-an-old-dog-new-tricks-if-you-feed-them-right.html%7Cwork=The Telegraph|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> A grain-free product, Purina ONE Beyond, was introduced in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle offers healthier Stouffer's meals|date=October 23, 2010|url= http://www.stltoday.com/business/nestle-offers-healthier-stouffer-s-meals/article_3ae0936b-7ca7-5d41-b9b3-d3cda2fa14d4.html%7Cagency=Associated Press|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> Purina Pro Plan Sport, which contains extra fat and protein and is intended for athletic dogs, was made available in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle's Purina Targets Fitness Fans With New Dog Food Offering|first=Paul|last=Jarvis|date=January 11, 2013|url= http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-01-11/nestle-s-purina-targets-fitness-fans-with-new-dog-food-offering%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718154518/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-01-11/nestle-s-purina-targets-fitness-fans-with-new-dog-food-offering%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=July 18, 2013|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek}}</ref> In 2014 Purina introduced a product for the growing Brazilian market called Ravena, which used locally available ingredients, such as acerola and jabuticaba fruits.<ref>{{cite news|title=Growl From Ipanema Lures Purina to Largest Dog Population|first=Matthew|last=Boyle|date=May 29, 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek|url= http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-05-28/growl-from-ipanema-lures-purina-to-largest-dog-population%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005320/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-05-28/growl-from-ipanema-lures-purina-to-largest-dog-population%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014}}</ref> Purina-branded accessories, such as training pads, beds, leashes and cleaners began being sold in 2011 under the Purina PetGear name through brand licensing agreements with other manufacturers.<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina Pet Gear Products Launch At Walmart, Others|first=Tanya|last=Irwin|date=July 29, 2011|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/154814/purina-pet-gear-products-launch-at-walmart-others.html%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nestlé Purina Gets Pets in Gear By Becky Ebenkamp|date=June 17, 2009|newspaper=Adweek|url= http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising-branding/nestl-purina-gets-pets-gear-105960%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> | The company introduced an appetizer cat food, Fancy Feast Appetizers, in 2009.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fancy Feast treats make Nestle Purina the cats' meow|date=July 18, 2010|first=Lisa|last=Brown|newspaper=St. Louis Dispatch|url= http://www.stltoday.com/business/fancy-feast-treats-make-nestle-purina-the-cats-meow/article_3474ab27-18dd-59d3-9d75-a151a654a5c3.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> A Purina Pro Plan line for senior dogs was introduced in 2010. It contains medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) for brain function and has whole grains for digestion.<ref name="bloomberga"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Scientists claim you can teach an old dog new tricks if you feed them right|first=Richard|last=Alleyne|date=June 1, 2010|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/uploadedImages/PetfoodIndustry/News/Scientists-claim-you-can-teach-an-old-dog-new-tricks-if-you-feed-them-right.html%7Cwork=The Telegraph|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> A grain-free product, Purina ONE Beyond, was introduced in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle offers healthier Stouffer's meals|date=October 23, 2010|url= http://www.stltoday.com/business/nestle-offers-healthier-stouffer-s-meals/article_3ae0936b-7ca7-5d41-b9b3-d3cda2fa14d4.html%7Cagency=Associated Press|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> Purina Pro Plan Sport, which contains extra fat and protein and is intended for athletic dogs, was made available in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle's Purina Targets Fitness Fans With New Dog Food Offering|first=Paul|last=Jarvis|date=January 11, 2013|url= http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-01-11/nestle-s-purina-targets-fitness-fans-with-new-dog-food-offering%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718154518/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-01-11/nestle-s-purina-targets-fitness-fans-with-new-dog-food-offering%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=July 18, 2013|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek}}</ref> In 2014 , Purina introduced a product for the growing Brazilian market called Ravena, which used locally available ingredients, such as acerola and jabuticaba fruits.<ref>{{cite news|title=Growl From Ipanema Lures Purina to Largest Dog Population|first=Matthew|last=Boyle|date=May 29, 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek|url= http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-05-28/growl-from-ipanema-lures-purina-to-largest-dog-population%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005320/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-05-28/growl-from-ipanema-lures-purina-to-largest-dog-population%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014}}</ref> Purina-branded accessories, such as training pads, beds, leashes and cleaners began being sold in 2011 under the Purina PetGear name through brand licensing agreements with other manufacturers.<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina Pet Gear Products Launch At Walmart, Others|first=Tanya|last=Irwin|date=July 29, 2011|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/154814/purina-pet-gear-products-launch-at-walmart-others.html%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nestlé Purina Gets Pets in Gear By Becky Ebenkamp|date=June 17, 2009|newspaper=Adweek|url= http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising-branding/nestl-purina-gets-pets-gear-105960%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> |
|
| Purina's significant brands and product lines include:<ref name="swot"/> | Purina's significant brands and product lines include:<ref name="swot"/> | | Line 117: | Line 117: | In the mid-1970s, the Purina Cat Chow brand launched the "Chow-Chow-Chow" advertising campaign, variations of which would run for the next 20 years. The television commercials featured cats seemingly dancing the [[Cha-cha-cha (dance)|cha-cha-cha]], by means of a post-production and editing trick that involved rapidly playing the film forward and backward, giving the humorous illusion of the cats dancing as they walked or ran in time with the music. The earliest such spots featured character actress [[Patsy Garrett]], who would appear in several other Cat Chow spots as an official spokesperson for many more years.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/patsy-garrett-dead-chow-chow-764429%7Ctitle=Patsy Garrett, 'Chow-Chow-Chow' Lady of Cat Food Commercials, Dies at 93|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=January 16, 2015 |language=en|access-date=2019-01-20}}</ref> | In the mid-1970s, the Purina Cat Chow brand launched the "Chow-Chow-Chow" advertising campaign, variations of which would run for the next 20 years. The television commercials featured cats seemingly dancing the [[Cha-cha-cha (dance)|cha-cha-cha]], by means of a post-production and editing trick that involved rapidly playing the film forward and backward, giving the humorous illusion of the cats dancing as they walked or ran in time with the music. The earliest such spots featured character actress [[Patsy Garrett]], who would appear in several other Cat Chow spots as an official spokesperson for many more years.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/patsy-garrett-dead-chow-chow-764429%7Ctitle=Patsy Garrett, 'Chow-Chow-Chow' Lady of Cat Food Commercials, Dies at 93|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=January 16, 2015 |language=en|access-date=2019-01-20}}</ref> |
|
| In 2006, Nestlé Purina Petcare introduced a sponsored email application, Doggie-Mail, that could send messages online through a talking dog.<ref>{{cite news|title=A Letter From Three Dogs?|first=Stuart|last=Elliott|date=December 4, 2006|newspaper=The New York Times|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/04/business/media/04adco_column.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Ar%2C%7B%221%22%3A%22RI%3A8%22%7D&_r=0%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2009 it sponsored the PawNation.com site developed by [[AOL]], which hosted crowd-sourced pet videos, tips, Q&As and other content about pet ownership.<ref>{{cite news|title=AOL Launches Pets Site|date=May 18, 2009|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/106199/aol-launches-pets-site.html?edition=%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> Purina also sponsored [[Martha Stewart]]'s pet tips site, Living Omnimedia.<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina Backs Martha Stewart Pet Site|date=March 16, 2009|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/102248/purina-backs-martha-stewart-pet-site.html%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> The company introduced an advertising campaign for the Alpo brand with the slogan "Real dogs eat meat". In the ad, over-pampered pets were "rescued" and fed Alpo, implying that pets needed to stay in touch with their primal nature by eating real meat.<ref>{{cite news|title=Market Report: The dogness effect|date=June 8, 2009|newspaper=Watt Petfood Industry|access-date=September 2, 2014|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Market_Report__The_dogness_effect.html}}</ref> In 2009 it released a free [[iPhone app]] called "petcentric places" that allows users to map local pet-related locations, like dog parks or [[pet-friendly hotels]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina mobile initiative aims to pamper pets|first=Chris|last=Harnick|date=September 1, 2009|url= http://www.mobilemarketer.com/cms/news/advertising/4073.html%7Cpublisher=Mobile Marketer|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2010, Purina released a branded Facebook game called Purina Pet Resort, where players manage a virtual pet resort.<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina Debuts Facebook Pet Resort Game|first=Karlene|last=Lukovitz|date=August 16, 2010|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/133865/purina-debuts-facebook-pet-resort-game.html%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> | In 2006, Nestlé Purina Petcare introduced a sponsored email application, Doggie-Mail, that could send messages online through a talking dog.<ref>{{cite news|title=A Letter From Three Dogs?|first=Stuart|last=Elliott|date=December 4, 2006|newspaper=The New York Times|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/04/business/media/04adco_column.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Ar%2C%7B%221%22%3A%22RI%3A8%22%7D&_r=0%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2009 , it sponsored the PawNation.com site developed by [[AOL]], which hosted crowd-sourced pet videos, tips, Q&As and other content about pet ownership.<ref>{{cite news|title=AOL Launches Pets Site|date=May 18, 2009|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/106199/aol-launches-pets-site.html?edition=%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> Purina also sponsored [[Martha Stewart]]'s pet tips site, Living Omnimedia.<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina Backs Martha Stewart Pet Site|date=March 16, 2009|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/102248/purina-backs-martha-stewart-pet-site.html%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> The company introduced an advertising campaign for the Alpo brand with the slogan "Real dogs eat meat". In the ad, over-pampered pets were "rescued" and fed Alpo, implying that pets needed to stay in touch with their primal nature by eating real meat.<ref>{{cite news|title=Market Report: The dogness effect|date=June 8, 2009|newspaper=Watt Petfood Industry|access-date=September 2, 2014|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Market_Report__The_dogness_effect.html}}</ref> In 2009 , it released a free [[iPhone app]] called "petcentric places" that allows users to map local pet-related locations, like dog parks or [[pet-friendly hotels]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina mobile initiative aims to pamper pets|first=Chris|last=Harnick|date=September 1, 2009|url= http://www.mobilemarketer.com/cms/news/advertising/4073.html%7Cpublisher=Mobile Marketer|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2010, Purina released a branded Facebook game called Purina Pet Resort, where players manage a virtual pet resort.<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina Debuts Facebook Pet Resort Game|first=Karlene|last=Lukovitz|date=August 16, 2010|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/133865/purina-debuts-facebook-pet-resort-game.html%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> |
|
| In 2011, Nestlé Purina Petcare became the official sponsor of the [[Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show|Westminster show]] hosted by the [[American Kennel Club]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestlé Purina nabs Westminster Kennel Club sponsorship|date=June 7, 2011|first=Lisa|last=Brown|access-date=September 2, 2014|url= http://www.stltoday.com/business/columns/lisa-brown/nestl-purina-nabs-westminster-kennel-club-sponsorship/article_68dd45ec-9119-11e0-8510-001a4bcf6878.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch}}</ref> The company introduced a competition for pet owners to win a part-time job earning $50,000 annually to travel with their cat, interview other pet owners and write for the Purina website.<ref>{{cite news|title=Have a cat? Want $50,000 to travel?|first=Kitty|last=Yancey|newspaper=USA Today|date=March 4, 2011|url= http://travel.usatoday.com/destinations/dispatches/post/2011/03/have-a-cat-want-50000-to-travel-/146142/1%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Purina finalists vie at cat callbacks|date=May 8, 2011|first=Lisa|last=Brown|url= http://www.stltoday.com/business/local/purina-finalists-vie-at-cat-callbacks/article_f4d9eff8-95d1-51dd-a5f7-e1112a00fa96.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch}}</ref> Nestle Purina also produced television advertisements intended for Austria that had audio effects only pets could hear.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2011 |title=Nestlé lance la première publicité pour chien |url= https://www.lexpress.fr/societe/nestle-lance-la-premiere-publicite-pour-chien_1036883.html |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=L'Express}}</ref> It was the first set of advertisements targeting pets directly, rather than their owners.<ref>{{cite news|title=St. Joseph tied to ad aimed at dogs|newspaper=St. Joseph News-Press|date=September 30, 2011 | first=Greg |last=Kozol|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-29780859.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924192211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-29780859.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref> | In 2011, Nestlé Purina Petcare became the official sponsor of the [[Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show|Westminster show]] hosted by the [[American Kennel Club]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestlé Purina nabs Westminster Kennel Club sponsorship|date=June 7, 2011|first=Lisa|last=Brown|access-date=September 2, 2014|url= http://www.stltoday.com/business/columns/lisa-brown/nestl-purina-nabs-westminster-kennel-club-sponsorship/article_68dd45ec-9119-11e0-8510-001a4bcf6878.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch}}</ref> The company introduced a competition for pet owners to win a part-time job earning $50,000 annually to travel with their cat, interview other pet owners and write for the Purina website.<ref>{{cite news|title=Have a cat? Want $50,000 to travel?|first=Kitty|last=Yancey|newspaper=USA Today|date=March 4, 2011|url= http://travel.usatoday.com/destinations/dispatches/post/2011/03/have-a-cat-want-50000-to-travel-/146142/1%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Purina finalists vie at cat callbacks|date=May 8, 2011|first=Lisa|last=Brown|url= http://www.stltoday.com/business/local/purina-finalists-vie-at-cat-callbacks/article_f4d9eff8-95d1-51dd-a5f7-e1112a00fa96.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch}}</ref> Nestle Purina also produced television advertisements intended for Austria that had audio effects only pets could hear.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2011 |title=Nestlé lance la première publicité pour chien |url= https://www.lexpress.fr/societe/nestle-lance-la-premiere-publicite-pour-chien_1036883.html |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=L'Express}}</ref> It was the first set of advertisements targeting pets directly, rather than their owners.<ref>{{cite news|title=St. Joseph tied to ad aimed at dogs|newspaper=St. Joseph News-Press|date=September 30, 2011 | first=Greg |last=Kozol|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-29780859.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924192211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-29780859.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref> |
|
| In 2012, Purina and another Nestlé business, [[Jenny Craig]], jointly created "Project: Pet Slim Down", an online program intended to help pets and pet owners lose weight together.<ref>{{cite news|title=Project: Pet Slim Down, Nestle-Jenny Craig Joint Venture, Aims To Help Pets And Owners Lose Weight|agency=Reuters|date=January 9, 2012|url= http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/09/project-pet-slim-down_n_1193789.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> [[Grumpy Cat]] became a "spokescat" for the Friskies brand in late 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cheer up, Grumpy Cat: You have an endorsement deal|first=Jim|last=Salter|date=September 17, 2013|url= http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-09-17/cheer-up-grumpy-cat-you-have-an-endorsement-deal%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005317/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-09-17/cheer-up-grumpy-cat-you-have-an-endorsement-deal%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014|agency=Associated Press|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2013, Purina featured ads during the Westminster Show that featured crowd-sourced videos submitted to Purina in response to the question "How is Your Dog Great?"<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina Debuts Spot During Westminster Show|first=Tanya|last=Irwin|date=February 12, 2013|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/193287/purina-debuts-spot-during-westminster-show.html%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> | In 2012, Purina and another Nestlé business, [[Jenny Craig]], jointly created "Project: Pet Slim Down", an online program intended to help pets and pet owners lose weight together.<ref>{{cite news|title=Project: Pet Slim Down, Nestle-Jenny Craig Joint Venture, Aims To Help Pets And Owners Lose Weight|agency=Reuters|date=January 9, 2012|url= http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/09/project-pet-slim-down_n_1193789.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> [[Grumpy Cat]] became a "spokescat" for the Friskies brand in late -2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cheer up, Grumpy Cat: You have an endorsement deal|first=Jim|last=Salter|date=September 17, 2013|url= http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-09-17/cheer-up-grumpy-cat-you-have-an-endorsement-deal%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005317/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-09-17/cheer-up-grumpy-cat-you-have-an-endorsement-deal%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014|agency=Associated Press|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2013, Purina featured ads during the Westminster Show that featured crowd-sourced videos submitted to Purina in response to the question "How is Your Dog Great?"<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina Debuts Spot During Westminster Show|first=Tanya|last=Irwin|date=February 12, 2013|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/193287/purina-debuts-spot-during-westminster-show.html%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> |
|
| ==Operations== | ==Operations== |
|
| 2023-04-08T14:00:03Z |
Nestlé Purina PetCare |
diff |
|
| 2023-04-08T13:47:27Z |
Nestlé Purina PetCare |
diff |
| | | Line 117: | Line 117: | In 2006, Nestlé Purina Petcare introduced a sponsored email application, Doggie-Mail, that could send messages online through a talking dog.<ref>{{cite news|title=A Letter From Three Dogs?|first=Stuart|last=Elliott|date=December 4, 2006|newspaper=The New York Times|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/04/business/media/04adco_column.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Ar%2C%7B%221%22%3A%22RI%3A8%22%7D&_r=0%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2009 it sponsored the PawNation.com site developed by [[AOL]], which hosted crowd-sourced pet videos, tips, Q&As and other content about pet ownership.<ref>{{cite news|title=AOL Launches Pets Site|date=May 18, 2009|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/106199/aol-launches-pets-site.html?edition=%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> Purina also sponsored [[Martha Stewart]]'s pet tips site, Living Omnimedia.<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina Backs Martha Stewart Pet Site|date=March 16, 2009|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/102248/purina-backs-martha-stewart-pet-site.html%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> The company introduced an advertising campaign for the Alpo brand with the slogan "Real dogs eat meat". In the ad, over-pampered pets were "rescued" and fed Alpo, implying that pets needed to stay in touch with their primal nature by eating real meat.<ref>{{cite news|title=Market Report: The dogness effect|date=June 8, 2009|newspaper=Watt Petfood Industry|access-date=September 2, 2014|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Market_Report__The_dogness_effect.html}}</ref> In 2009 it released a free [[iPhone app]] called "petcentric places" that allows users to map local pet-related locations, like dog parks or [[pet-friendly hotels]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina mobile initiative aims to pamper pets|first=Chris|last=Harnick|date=September 1, 2009|url= http://www.mobilemarketer.com/cms/news/advertising/4073.html%7Cpublisher=Mobile Marketer|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2010, Purina released a branded Facebook game called Purina Pet Resort, where players manage a virtual pet resort.<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina Debuts Facebook Pet Resort Game|first=Karlene|last=Lukovitz|date=August 16, 2010|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/133865/purina-debuts-facebook-pet-resort-game.html%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> | In 2006, Nestlé Purina Petcare introduced a sponsored email application, Doggie-Mail, that could send messages online through a talking dog.<ref>{{cite news|title=A Letter From Three Dogs?|first=Stuart|last=Elliott|date=December 4, 2006|newspaper=The New York Times|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/04/business/media/04adco_column.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Ar%2C%7B%221%22%3A%22RI%3A8%22%7D&_r=0%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2009 it sponsored the PawNation.com site developed by [[AOL]], which hosted crowd-sourced pet videos, tips, Q&As and other content about pet ownership.<ref>{{cite news|title=AOL Launches Pets Site|date=May 18, 2009|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/106199/aol-launches-pets-site.html?edition=%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> Purina also sponsored [[Martha Stewart]]'s pet tips site, Living Omnimedia.<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina Backs Martha Stewart Pet Site|date=March 16, 2009|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/102248/purina-backs-martha-stewart-pet-site.html%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> The company introduced an advertising campaign for the Alpo brand with the slogan "Real dogs eat meat". In the ad, over-pampered pets were "rescued" and fed Alpo, implying that pets needed to stay in touch with their primal nature by eating real meat.<ref>{{cite news|title=Market Report: The dogness effect|date=June 8, 2009|newspaper=Watt Petfood Industry|access-date=September 2, 2014|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Market_Report__The_dogness_effect.html}}</ref> In 2009 it released a free [[iPhone app]] called "petcentric places" that allows users to map local pet-related locations, like dog parks or [[pet-friendly hotels]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina mobile initiative aims to pamper pets|first=Chris|last=Harnick|date=September 1, 2009|url= http://www.mobilemarketer.com/cms/news/advertising/4073.html%7Cpublisher=Mobile Marketer|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2010, Purina released a branded Facebook game called Purina Pet Resort, where players manage a virtual pet resort.<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina Debuts Facebook Pet Resort Game|first=Karlene|last=Lukovitz|date=August 16, 2010|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/133865/purina-debuts-facebook-pet-resort-game.html%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> |
|
| In 2011, Nestlé Purina Petcare became the official sponsor of the [[Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show|Westminster show]] hosted by the [[American Kennel Club]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestlé Purina nabs Westminster Kennel Club sponsorship|date=June 7, 2011|first=Lisa|last=Brown|access-date=September 2, 2014|url= http://www.stltoday.com/business/columns/lisa-brown/nestl-purina-nabs-westminster-kennel-club-sponsorship/article_68dd45ec-9119-11e0-8510-001a4bcf6878.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch}}</ref> The company introduced a competition for pet owners to win a part-time job earning $50,000 annually to travel with their cat, interview other pet owners and write for the Purina website.<ref>{{cite news|title=Have a cat? Want $50,000 to travel?|first=Kitty|last=Yancey|newspaper=USA Today|date=March 4, 2011|url= http://travel.usatoday.com/destinations/dispatches/post/2011/03/have-a-cat-want-50000-to-travel-/146142/1%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Purina finalists vie at cat callbacks|date=May 8, 2011|first=Lisa|last=Brown|url= http://www.stltoday.com/business/local/purina-finalists-vie-at-cat-callbacks/article_f4d9eff8-95d1-51dd-a5f7-e1112a00fa96.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch}}</ref> Nestle Purina also produced television advertisements intended for Austria that had audio effects only pets could hear. It was the first set of advertisements targeting pets directly, rather than their owners.<ref>{{cite news|title=St. Joseph tied to ad aimed at dogs|newspaper=St. Joseph News-Press|date=September 30, 2011 | first=Greg |last=Kozol|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-29780859.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924192211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-29780859.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref> | In 2011, Nestlé Purina Petcare became the official sponsor of the [[Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show|Westminster show]] hosted by the [[American Kennel Club]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestlé Purina nabs Westminster Kennel Club sponsorship|date=June 7, 2011|first=Lisa|last=Brown|access-date=September 2, 2014|url= http://www.stltoday.com/business/columns/lisa-brown/nestl-purina-nabs-westminster-kennel-club-sponsorship/article_68dd45ec-9119-11e0-8510-001a4bcf6878.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch}}</ref> The company introduced a competition for pet owners to win a part-time job earning $50,000 annually to travel with their cat, interview other pet owners and write for the Purina website.<ref>{{cite news|title=Have a cat? Want $50,000 to travel?|first=Kitty|last=Yancey|newspaper=USA Today|date=March 4, 2011|url= http://travel.usatoday.com/destinations/dispatches/post/2011/03/have-a-cat-want-50000-to-travel-/146142/1%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Purina finalists vie at cat callbacks|date=May 8, 2011|first=Lisa|last=Brown|url= http://www.stltoday.com/business/local/purina-finalists-vie-at-cat-callbacks/article_f4d9eff8-95d1-51dd-a5f7-e1112a00fa96.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch}}</ref> Nestle Purina also produced television advertisements intended for Austria that had audio effects only pets could hear. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2011 |title=Nestlé lance la première publicité pour chien |url=https://www.lexpress.fr/societe/nestle-lance-la-premiere-publicite-pour-chien_1036883.html |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=L'Express}}</ref> It was the first set of advertisements targeting pets directly, rather than their owners.<ref>{{cite news|title=St. Joseph tied to ad aimed at dogs|newspaper=St. Joseph News-Press|date=September 30, 2011 | first=Greg |last=Kozol|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-29780859.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924192211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-29780859.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=September 24, 2015|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref> |
|
| In 2012, Purina and another Nestlé business, [[Jenny Craig]], jointly created "Project: Pet Slim Down", an online program intended to help pets and pet owners lose weight together.<ref>{{cite news|title=Project: Pet Slim Down, Nestle-Jenny Craig Joint Venture, Aims To Help Pets And Owners Lose Weight|agency=Reuters|date=January 9, 2012|url= http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/09/project-pet-slim-down_n_1193789.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> [[Grumpy Cat]] became a "spokescat" for the Friskies brand in late 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cheer up, Grumpy Cat: You have an endorsement deal|first=Jim|last=Salter|date=September 17, 2013|url= http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-09-17/cheer-up-grumpy-cat-you-have-an-endorsement-deal%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005317/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-09-17/cheer-up-grumpy-cat-you-have-an-endorsement-deal%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014|agency=Associated Press|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2013, Purina featured ads during the Westminster Show that featured crowd-sourced videos submitted to Purina in response to the question "How is Your Dog Great?"<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina Debuts Spot During Westminster Show|first=Tanya|last=Irwin|date=February 12, 2013|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/193287/purina-debuts-spot-during-westminster-show.html%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> | In 2012, Purina and another Nestlé business, [[Jenny Craig]], jointly created "Project: Pet Slim Down", an online program intended to help pets and pet owners lose weight together.<ref>{{cite news|title=Project: Pet Slim Down, Nestle-Jenny Craig Joint Venture, Aims To Help Pets And Owners Lose Weight|agency=Reuters|date=January 9, 2012|url= http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/09/project-pet-slim-down_n_1193789.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> [[Grumpy Cat]] became a "spokescat" for the Friskies brand in late 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cheer up, Grumpy Cat: You have an endorsement deal|first=Jim|last=Salter|date=September 17, 2013|url= http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-09-17/cheer-up-grumpy-cat-you-have-an-endorsement-deal%7Carchive-url=https://archive.today/20141126005317/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-09-17/cheer-up-grumpy-cat-you-have-an-endorsement-deal%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=November 26, 2014|agency=Associated Press|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2013, Purina featured ads during the Westminster Show that featured crowd-sourced videos submitted to Purina in response to the question "How is Your Dog Great?"<ref>{{cite news|title=Purina Debuts Spot During Westminster Show|first=Tanya|last=Irwin|date=February 12, 2013|url= http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/193287/purina-debuts-spot-during-westminster-show.html%7Cpublisher=MediaPost%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> |
|
| 2023-04-08T13:40:45Z |
Nestlé Purina PetCare |
diff |
| | | Line 130: | Line 130: |
|
| In 2010, Nestlé Purina Petcare won the [[Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award]] based on organizational and manufacturing performance.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nestlé Purina: building on a tradition of trust|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=Watt Petfood Industry|archive-date=February 23, 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150223061847/http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Curl-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=How Nestlé Purina PetCare earned the Malcolm Baldrige Award|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/NestleBaldrige.aspx%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> Its manufacturing operations have continuously reduced the amount of materials used in packaging, increased the recycling of waste product and reduced water usage, in addition to installing solar panels to produce electricity for its offices and facilities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Heroes of the Planet – Nestlé Purina PetCare|date=October 26, 2012|url= http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/print-edition/2012/10/26/heroes-of-the-planet---nestle-purina.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2011, Nestlé Purina Petcare was ranked as one of 11 most sustainable companies in Two Tomorrow's annual ranking.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina's parent company ranks among top 'green' firms|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=October 27, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestle_Purina_s_parent_company_ranks_among_top__green__firms.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> As of 2014, it has 19 manufacturing plants.<ref>{{citation|url= https://www.nestlepurinacareers.com/why-purina/our-locations/%7Ctitle=Our locations|publisher=Nestle Purina Petcare|access-date=November 5, 2014}}</ref>{{efn|Nestle Purina had 26 manufacturing facilities in 2012<ref name="eleventwelve"/>}} | In 2010, Nestlé Purina Petcare won the [[Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award]] based on organizational and manufacturing performance.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nestlé Purina: building on a tradition of trust|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=Watt Petfood Industry|archive-date=February 23, 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150223061847/http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina__building_on_a_tradition_of_trust.html%7Curl-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=How Nestlé Purina PetCare earned the Malcolm Baldrige Award|date=March 7, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/NestleBaldrige.aspx%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> Its manufacturing operations have continuously reduced the amount of materials used in packaging, increased the recycling of waste product and reduced water usage, in addition to installing solar panels to produce electricity for its offices and facilities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Heroes of the Planet – Nestlé Purina PetCare|date=October 26, 2012|url= http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/print-edition/2012/10/26/heroes-of-the-planet---nestle-purina.html%7Cnewspaper=St. Louis Dispatch|access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2011, Nestlé Purina Petcare was ranked as one of 11 most sustainable companies in Two Tomorrow's annual ranking.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nestle Purina's parent company ranks among top 'green' firms|first=Debbie|last=Phillips-Donaldson|date=October 27, 2011|url= http://www.petfoodindustry.com/Nestle_Purina_s_parent_company_ranks_among_top__green__firms.html%7Caccess-date=September 2, 2014|publisher=WATT Pet Food Industry}}</ref> As of 2014, it has 19 manufacturing plants.<ref>{{citation|url= https://www.nestlepurinacareers.com/why-purina/our-locations/%7Ctitle=Our locations|publisher=Nestle Purina Petcare|access-date=November 5, 2014}}</ref>{{efn|Nestle Purina had 26 manufacturing facilities in 2012<ref name="eleventwelve"/>}} | |
| | |
|
| ==See also== | ==See also== |
|
| 2023-03-29T15:01:07Z |
Nestlé Purina PetCare |
diff |
|
| 2023-03-29T14:44:47Z |
Royal Canin |
diff |
| | | Line 26: | Line 26: |
|
| == History == | == History == | The company was established by the French veterinary surgeon Jean Cathary in 1968. He had a veterinary practice in a village in the [[Gard]] region of France and was concerned many people's pets were being presented with a variety of health problems, especially skin and coat conditions. Convinced the cause was dietary, Cathary devised a cereal–based recipe, which he prepared in an oven in his garage.{{sfn|Company Histories}}{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=25}} | The company was established by the French veterinary surgeon Jean Cathary in 1968 <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2019 |title=Gard : Jean Cathary, le génie inventif du fondateur de Royal Canin |url=https://www.midilibre.fr/2018/10/29/gard-jean-cathary-le-genie-inventif-du-fondateur-de-royal-canin,4748628.php |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=Midi Libre}}</ref>. He had a veterinary practice in a village in the [[Gard]] region of France and was concerned many people's pets were being presented with a variety of health problems, especially skin and coat conditions. Convinced the cause was dietary, Cathary devised a cereal–based recipe, which he prepared in an oven in his garage.{{sfn|Company Histories}}{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=25}} |
|
| The diet successfully alleviated the problems pets were presented with, so in 1968, Cathary registered the food with the trademark “Royal Canin”. He closed his veterinary practice to concentrate on manufacturing and distributing the feed. An [[Food extrusion|extruder]] was imported from the U.S. and Royal Canin became the first manufacturer of dry pet food in France and the first European company to use an extruder.{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=25}} The target market was primarily breeders and [[German Shepherd]] associations; television advertising was used to promote the product, something which was not being undertaken by competitors.{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=25}} | The diet successfully alleviated the problems pets were presented with, so in 1968, Cathary registered the food with the trademark “Royal Canin”. He closed his veterinary practice to concentrate on manufacturing and distributing the feed. An [[Food extrusion|extruder]] was imported from the U.S. and Royal Canin became the first manufacturer of dry pet food in France and the first European company to use an extruder.{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=25}} The target market was primarily breeders and [[German Shepherd]] associations; television advertising was used to promote the product, something which was not being undertaken by competitors.{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=25}} | | Line 34: | Line 34: | The period under the ownership of Guyomarc'h saw a marked expansion of the company, particularly in the area of research and development. A dedicated research centre was opened in [[Saint-Nolff]], Brittany, during 1973. Over the ten years up to 1982 additional subsidiaries were also set up in other European countries. These included Italy, Sweden, Belgium, Spain, Germany and Denmark. Another factory was built in northern France to service sales in the countries of the north of Europe.{{sfn|Pierce|Hoovers}} | The period under the ownership of Guyomarc'h saw a marked expansion of the company, particularly in the area of research and development. A dedicated research centre was opened in [[Saint-Nolff]], Brittany, during 1973. Over the ten years up to 1982 additional subsidiaries were also set up in other European countries. These included Italy, Sweden, Belgium, Spain, Germany and Denmark. Another factory was built in northern France to service sales in the countries of the north of Europe.{{sfn|Pierce|Hoovers}} |
|
| The Guyomarc'h group of companies was purchased by the [[BNP Paribas|Paribas Bank]] in 1990.{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=27}} Royal Canin recorded a loss in 1993; the following year the Guyomarc'h group was divided into four separate businesses, one of which remained as Royal Canin. The bank wished to sell Royal Canin but its chairman managed to persuade it to list it on the Paris stock exchange instead, which took place in 1997.{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=28}} Forty–three percent of the company was floated on the stock market and it raised the company's valuation to four and half billion [[French franc|francs]]. The additional revenue raised provided the funding to buy Crown Pet Foods in 1999 and the James Wellbeloved brand in 2000.{{sfn|Company Histories}}{{sfn|This is Dorset|2009}}{{sfn|Crown Pet Foods}} | The Guyomarc'h group of companies was purchased by the [[BNP Paribas|Paribas Bank]] in 1990.{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=27}} Royal Canin recorded a loss in 1993; the following year the Guyomarc'h group was divided into four separate businesses, one of which remained as Royal Canin. In 1944, a new CEO was appointed and focused on 3 pillars: dry food, health through nutrition and dog-handling expertise.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2018 |title=Royal Canin, 50 ans et toujours innovant |url=https://www.capital.fr/votre-carriere/royal-canin-50-ans-et-toujours-innovant-1317304 |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=Capital}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 1994 |title=Royal Canin a retrouvé la forme |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/1994/07/royal-canin-a-retrouve-la-forme-886070 |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=Les Echos}}</ref> The bank wished to sell Royal Canin but its chairman managed to persuade it to list it on the Paris stock exchange instead, which took place in 1997.{{sfn|Thoenig|2006|p=28}} Forty–three percent of the company was floated on the stock market and it raised the company's valuation to four and half billion [[French franc|francs]]. The additional revenue raised provided the funding to buy Crown Pet Foods in 1999 and the James Wellbeloved brand in 2000.{{sfn|Company Histories}}{{sfn|This is Dorset|2009}}{{sfn|Crown Pet Foods}} |
|
| The bank sold its holding in the company to [[Mars, Incorporated]] in July 2001 for in excess of one and a half billion [[euro]]s. The majority of this payment, almost ninety–three percent, was for "goodwill". The [[European Commission]] only agreed to the takeover by Mars if Royal Canin disposed of some assets to Agrolimen, a Spanish company.{{sfn|Pierce|Hoovers}}{{sfn|Just-food.com|2002}} Royal Canin was removed from the stock exchange listing after the take over by Mars.{{sfn|Meller|2002}} | The bank sold its holding in the company to [[Mars, Incorporated]] in July 2001 for in excess of one and a half billion [[euro]]s. The majority of this payment, almost ninety–three percent, was for "goodwill". The [[European Commission]] only agreed to the takeover by Mars if Royal Canin disposed of some assets to Agrolimen, a Spanish company.{{sfn|Pierce|Hoovers}}{{sfn|Just-food.com|2002}} Royal Canin was removed from the stock exchange listing after the take over by Mars.{{sfn|Meller|2002}} |
|
| 2023-03-29T14:05:01Z |
Royal Canin |
diff |
| | | Line 1: | Line 1: | {{Short description|Dog and cat feed manufacturer}} | {{Short description|Dog and cat feed manufacturer}} | {{Infobox company | {{Infobox company | | name = Royal Canin | | name = Royal Canin | | logo = Royal-Canin-Logo.svg | | logo = Royal-Canin-Logo.svg | | image = Royal Canin Factory in Aimargues, France.jpg | | image = Royal Canin Factory in Aimargues, France.jpg | | image_size = 250px | | image_size = 250px | | image_caption = Royal Canin factory in Aimargues | | image_caption = Royal Canin factory in Aimargues | | type = [[Subsidiary]] | | type = [[Subsidiary]] | | area_served = Worldwide | | area_served = Worldwide | | key_people = | | key_people = [[Cécile Coutens]] <small>([[chief executive officer|CEO]])</small> | | industry = [[Pet food]] | | industry = [[Pet food]] | | products = Dog food and cat food | | products = Dog food and cat food | | parent = [[Mars, Incorporated]] | | parent = [[Mars, Incorporated]] | | foundation = {{start date and age|1968}}<br />[[Gard, France]] | | foundation = {{start date and age|1968}}<br />[[Gard, France]] | | location = [[Aimargues, Gard]], France | | location = [[Aimargues, Gard]], France | | company_slogan = | | company_slogan = | | website = {{url|royalcanin.com}} | | website = {{url|royalcanin.com}} | }} | }} | Royal Canin is a French manufacturer of cat and dog food. A subsidiary of [[Mars, Incorporated]], the company also undertakes research into the formulation and testing of breed and symptom specific nutritional requirements of dogs and cats. | Royal Canin is a French manufacturer of cat and dog food. A subsidiary of [[Mars, Incorporated]], the company also undertakes research into the formulation and testing of breed and symptom specific nutritional requirements of dogs and cats. | | Line 77: | Line 77: |
|
| 2016 saw the addition of [[Fremont, Nebraska]] and in 2017 [[Lebanon, Tennessee]]. A new plant has been opened in 2017 in South Korea in [[Gimje, North Jeolla Province]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} | 2016 saw the addition of [[Fremont, Nebraska]] and in 2017 [[Lebanon, Tennessee]]. A new plant has been opened in 2017 in South Korea in [[Gimje, North Jeolla Province]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} | |
| | == Corporate information == | |
| | === Governance === | | |
|
| ==Notes== | ==Notes== |
|
| 2023-03-28T13:49:15Z |
Carlos Tavares |
diff |
| | | Line 33: | Line 33: | ==Career== | ==Career== | ===Renault=== | ===Renault=== | Tavares started his career at [[Renault]] in 1981.<ref name="wsjmike"/> He was director of the [[Renault Mégane]] II project.<ref name="wsjmike"/> | |
|
| | |
|
| 2023-03-24T17:05:17Z |
Tunisian Company of Electricity and Gas |
diff |
| | | Line 20: | Line 20: | == Production == | == Production == | | | |
| | [[Alstom|Alstom Power]] worked on the construction of STEG's combined cycle power plants in [[Sousse]] ([[1994]]), [[Radès]] ([[2001]]) and [[Ghannouch]] ([[2011]]).<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2008 |title=Alstom va construire la première centrale électrique à cycle combiné de technologie GT26 de Tunisie |url= https://www.businessnews.com.tn/article,524,16054,1 |access-date=24 March 2023 |website=Business News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 Avril 2011 |title=Exploitation de la nouvelle centrale électrique de Ghannouch à partir de juin 2011 |url= https://www.turess.com/fr/lapresse/26526 |access-date=24 March 2023 |website=La Presse de Tunisie}}</ref> |
|
| == References == | == References == |
|
| 2023-03-24T16:41:13Z |
Tunisian Company of Electricity and Gas |
diff |
| | | Line 19: | Line 19: |
|
| == Production == | == Production == | STEG has a park in 2011 production of 24 production units with a total capacity of 3,526 MW, powered by 82% natural gas. | |
|
| == References == | == References == |
|
| 2023-03-24T16:34:58Z |
Peugeot |
diff |
| | | Line 248: | Line 248: | Peugeot has produced two Car of the Year award winners in Ireland since 1978. It is judged by the Irish Motoring Writers Association (IMWA). | Peugeot has produced two Car of the Year award winners in Ireland since 1978. It is judged by the Irish Motoring Writers Association (IMWA). | * 1997 – [[Peugeot 406]] | * 1997 – [[Peugeot 406]] | | | * 2010 – [[Peugeot 3008]] | |
|
| ====Car of the Year award in Italy==== | ====Car of the Year award in Italy==== |
|
| 2023-03-24T16:28:21Z |
Peugeot |
diff |
| | | Line 149: | Line 149: | On 18 April 2006, PSA Peugeot Citroën announced the closure of the Ryton manufacturing facility in [[Coventry]], England. This announcement resulted in the loss of 2,300 jobs, as well as about 5,000 jobs in the supply chain. The plant produced its last [[Peugeot 206]] on 12 December 2006, and finally closed down in January 2007. | On 18 April 2006, PSA Peugeot Citroën announced the closure of the Ryton manufacturing facility in [[Coventry]], England. This announcement resulted in the loss of 2,300 jobs, as well as about 5,000 jobs in the supply chain. The plant produced its last [[Peugeot 206]] on 12 December 2006, and finally closed down in January 2007. |
|
| Peugeot set an ambitious target of selling 4 million units annually by the end of the decade. In 2008, its sales stayed below the 2 million mark. In mid-2009, "adverse market and industry conditions" were blamed for falls in sales and operating losses. Christian Streiff was replaced by [[Philippe Varin]] (CEO) and Jean-Pierre Ploué (head of design) was transferred from his post at Citroën. In 2009, Peugeot returned to the Canadian market with the scooter brand only. | Peugeot set an ambitious target of selling 4 million units annually by the end of the decade. In 2008, its sales stayed below the 2 million mark. In mid-2009, "adverse market and industry conditions" were blamed for falls in sales and operating losses. Christian Streiff was replaced by [[Philippe Varin]] (CEO) and Jean-Pierre Ploué (head of design) was transferred from his post at Citroën. In 2009, Peugeot returned to the Canadian market with the scooter brand only. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2009 |title=Peugeot scooters are back |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-drive/reviews/new-cars/peugeot-scooters-are-back/article1348551/ |access-date=24 March 2023 |website=The Globe and Mail}}</ref> |
|
| Peugeot still plans on developing new models to compete in segments where it currently does not compete. Collin claimed that the French automaker competed in 72% of market segments in 2007, but he wanted to get that figure up to 90%. Despite Peugeot's sportscar racing program, the company is not prepared to build a pure sportscar any more hardcore than the RC Z sports-coupe. It is also pursuing government funding to develop a diesel-hybrid [[drivetrain]], which might be key to its expansion. | Peugeot still plans on developing new models to compete in segments where it currently does not compete. Collin claimed that the French automaker competed in 72% of market segments in 2007, but he wanted to get that figure up to 90%. Despite Peugeot's sportscar racing program, the company is not prepared to build a pure sportscar any more hardcore than the RC Z sports-coupe. It is also pursuing government funding to develop a diesel-hybrid [[drivetrain]], which might be key to its expansion. |
|
| 2023-03-24T16:18:38Z |
Peugeot |
diff |
| | | Line 33: | Line 33: | | |
|
| Peugeot has received many international awards for its vehicles, including six [[European Car of the Year]] awards. | | | | Peugeot has been involved successfully in motorsport for more than a century, including victories at the [[Indianapolis 500]] in 1913, 1916, and 1919. [[Peugeot Sport]] won the [[World Rally Championship]] five times (1985, 1986, 2000, 2001, 2002), the [[Dakar Rally]] seven times (1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 2016, 2017, 2018), the [[24 Hours of Le Mans]] three times (1992, 1993, 2009), the [[World Sportscar Championship|World Endurance Championship]] twice (1992, 1993), the [[Intercontinental Rally Challenge|Intercontinental Rally Challenge Championship]] three times, the [[Intercontinental Le Mans Cup]] twice (2010, 2011) and the [[Pikes Peak International Hill Climb]] three times (1988, 1989, 2013). | Peugeot has been involved successfully in motorsport for more than a century, including victories at the [[Indianapolis 500]] in 1913, 1916, and 1919. [[Peugeot Sport]] won the [[World Rally Championship]] five times (1985, 1986, 2000, 2001, 2002), the [[Dakar Rally]] seven times (1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 2016, 2017, 2018), the [[24 Hours of Le Mans]] three times (1992, 1993, 2009), the [[World Sportscar Championship|World Endurance Championship]] twice (1992, 1993), the [[Intercontinental Rally Challenge|Intercontinental Rally Challenge Championship]] three times, the [[Intercontinental Le Mans Cup]] twice (2010, 2011) and the [[Pikes Peak International Hill Climb]] three times (1988, 1989, 2013). | | Line 232: | Line 232: | * 1988 – [[Peugeot 405]] | * 1988 – [[Peugeot 405]] | * 2002 – [[Peugeot 307]] | * 2002 – [[Peugeot 307]] | * 2014 – [[Peugeot 308]] | * 2014 – [[Peugeot 308]]<ref name=":1" /> | | | | |
|
| 2023-03-24T15:54:53Z |
Benoît Coquart |
diff |
| | | Line 19: | Line 19: | In 2015, he became the Director of Legrand's activities in France.<ref name=":0" /> | In 2015, he became the Director of Legrand's activities in France.<ref name=":0" /> |
|
| | |
|
| | |
|
| 2023-03-21T16:10:06Z |
Valentino (fashion house) |
diff |
| | | Line 32: | Line 32: | [[File:Hong kong during typhoon utor 14.08.2013 04-45-44.JPG|thumb|Valentino store in Hong Kong]] | [[File:Hong kong during typhoon utor 14.08.2013 04-45-44.JPG|thumb|Valentino store in Hong Kong]] |
|
| Valentino S.p.A. is an Italian luxury fashion house founded in 1960 by [[Valentino Garavani]] and part of [[Valentino Fashion Group]]. Since October 2008, the creative director is [[Pierpaolo Piccioli]], jointly with [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]] from 2008 to 2016. | Valentino S.p.A. is an Italian luxury fashion house founded in 1960 by [[Valentino Garavani]] and part of [[Valentino Fashion Group]]. Since October 2008, the creative director is [[Pierpaolo Piccioli]], jointly with [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], from 2008 to 2016. |
|
| | |
|
| ==History== | ==History== |
|
| ===Early history=== | ===Early history=== | Valentino was founded in 1960 when Garavani opened a fashion house on [[Via Condotti]] in Rome, Italy with the backing of his father and his father's associate [[Giancarlo Giammetti]].<ref name=sovery>{{Cite news|newspaper=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|url= https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2004/08/valentino200408%7Ctitle = So Very Valentino|first=Matt|last=Tyrnauer|date = 8 May 2009|orig-date=Updated from August 2004 issue|accessdate=13 March 2023}}</ref> | Valentino was founded in 1960 , when Garavani opened a fashion house on [[Via Condotti]] in Rome, Italy with the backing of his father and his father's associate [[Giancarlo Giammetti]].<ref name=sovery>{{Cite news|newspaper=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|url= https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2004/08/valentino200408%7Ctitle = So Very Valentino|first=Matt|last=Tyrnauer|date = 8 May 2009|orig-date=Updated from August 2004 issue|accessdate=13 March 2023}}</ref> |
|
| ===Rise to popularity=== | ===Rise to popularity=== | | |
|
| ===From HDP group to Marzotto group=== | ===From HDP group to Marzotto group=== |
|
| 2023-03-21T15:57:39Z |
David Beckham |
diff |
| | | Line 63: | Line 63: | ==Club career== | ==Club career== | ===Manchester United=== | ===Manchester United=== | ====1991–1994: Youth and early career==== | ====1991–1994: Youth and early-career==== | Having signed for Manchester United as a trainee on 8 July 1991,<ref name="H2G2">{{cite web |url= http://h2g2.com/edited_entry/A1138600 |title=David Beckham – Rise of a Footballer |website=The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy: Earth Edition |publisher=Not Panicking |access-date=14 May 2016 }}</ref> Beckham was part of a group of young players, including [[Ryan Giggs]], [[Gary Neville]], [[Phil Neville]], [[Nicky Butt]] and [[Paul Scholes]], who were coached by [[Eric Harrison (footballer)|Eric Harrison]], and helped the club win the [[FA Youth Cup]] in [[FA Youth Cup Finals of the 1990s#1991–92: Manchester United v. Crystal Palace (3–1 and 3–2, 6–3 Aggregate)|May 1992]]. Beckham scored Manchester United's second goal in the 30th minute of their 3–1 first-leg win of the final against [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] on 14 April 1992. In the second leg on 15 May, Beckham played a full 90-minutes of the fixture which ended 3–2 in favour of Manchester United and 6–3 on aggregate. Beckham's impact led to a first-team debut on 23 September 1992, as a substitute for [[Andrei Kanchelskis]] in a [[EFL Cup|League Cup]] match against [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]]. Shortly afterwards, Beckham signed as a professional on 23 January 1993.<ref name="H2G2" /> | Having signed for Manchester United as a trainee on 8 July 1991,<ref name="H2G2">{{cite web |url= http://h2g2.com/edited_entry/A1138600 |title=David Beckham – Rise of a Footballer |website=The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy: Earth Edition |publisher=Not Panicking |access-date=14 May 2016 }}</ref> Beckham was part of a group of young players, including [[Ryan Giggs]], [[Gary Neville]], [[Phil Neville]], [[Nicky Butt]] and [[Paul Scholes]], who were coached by [[Eric Harrison (footballer)|Eric Harrison]], and helped the club win the [[FA Youth Cup]] in [[FA Youth Cup Finals of the 1990s#1991–92: Manchester United v. Crystal Palace (3–1 and 3–2, 6–3 Aggregate)|May 1992]]. Beckham scored Manchester United's second goal in the 30th minute of their 3–1 first-leg win of the final against [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] on 14 April 1992. In the second leg on 15 May, Beckham played a full 90-minutes of the fixture which ended 3–2 in favour of Manchester United and 6–3 on aggregate. Beckham's impact led to a first-team debut on 23 September 1992, as a substitute for [[Andrei Kanchelskis]] in a [[EFL Cup|League Cup]] match against [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]]. Shortly afterwards, Beckham signed as a professional on 23 January 1993.<ref name="H2G2" /> |
|
| | Line 74: | Line 74: | Beckham returned to Manchester and made his [[Premier League]] debut for Manchester United on 2 April 1995 in a goalless draw against Leeds United. He played four times for United in the league that season, as they finished second behind [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]], missing out on a third successive Premier League title by a single point. He was not in the squad for the [[1995 FA Cup Final|FA Cup final]] with [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] on 20 May, which United lost 1–0, leaving the club without a major trophy for the first time since 1989.<ref>Graham Hart (1995). "The Guinness football encyclopedia". p. 69. Guinness</ref> | Beckham returned to Manchester and made his [[Premier League]] debut for Manchester United on 2 April 1995 in a goalless draw against Leeds United. He played four times for United in the league that season, as they finished second behind [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]], missing out on a third successive Premier League title by a single point. He was not in the squad for the [[1995 FA Cup Final|FA Cup final]] with [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] on 20 May, which United lost 1–0, leaving the club without a major trophy for the first time since 1989.<ref>Graham Hart (1995). "The Guinness football encyclopedia". p. 69. Guinness</ref> |
|
| United manager [[Alex Ferguson|Sir Alex Ferguson]] had a great deal of confidence in the club's young players. Beckham was part of a group of young talents Ferguson brought into United in the 1990s (known as "[[Fergie's Fledglings]]"), which included [[Nicky Butt]] and [[Gary Neville|Gary]] and [[Phil Neville]]. When experienced players [[Paul Ince]], [[Mark Hughes]], and [[Andrei Kanchelskis]] left the club after the end of the 1994–95 season, his decision to let youth team players replace them instead of buying star players from other clubs (United had been linked with moves for players including [[Darren Anderton]], [[Marc Overmars]] and [[Roberto Baggio]], but no major signings were made that summer), drew a great deal of criticism. The criticism increased when United started the season with a 3–1 defeat at [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]],<ref>The most famous comment was [[Alan Hansen]]'s "You can't win anything with kids", quoted in The Boss 405. Beckham scored United's goal (his first for them in the league) from a distance of around 30 metres.</ref> with Beckham scoring United's only goal of the game. However, United recovered from this early season defeat and the young players performed well.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.manutd.com/en/Sir-Alex-25-Years/Trophies/Trophy-Articles/League-199596.aspx%7Ctitle=Man Utd season review 1995/96|access-date=12 September 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140525232144/http://www.manutd.com/en/Sir-Alex-25-Years/Trophies/Trophy-Articles/League-199596.aspx%7Carchive-date=25 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> | United manager [[Alex Ferguson|Sir Alex Ferguson]] had a great deal of confidence in the club's young players. Beckham was part of a group of young talents Ferguson brought into United in the 1990s (known as "[[Fergie's Fledglings]]"), which included [[Nicky Butt]] and [[Gary Neville|Gary]] and [[Phil Neville]]. When experienced players [[Paul Ince]], [[Mark Hughes]], and [[Andrei Kanchelskis]] left the club after the end of the 1994–95 season, his decision to let youth team players replace them instead of buying star players from other clubs (United had been linked with moves for players including [[Darren Anderton]], [[Marc Overmars]] and [[Roberto Baggio]], but no major signings were made that summer), drew a great deal of criticism. The criticism increased when United started the season with a 3–1 defeat at [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]],<ref>The most famous comment was [[Alan Hansen]]'s "You can't win anything with kids", quoted in The Boss 405. Beckham scored United's goal (his first for them in the league) from a distance of around 30 metres.</ref> with Beckham scoring United's only goal of the game. However, United recovered from this early -season defeat and the young players performed well.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.manutd.com/en/Sir-Alex-25-Years/Trophies/Trophy-Articles/League-199596.aspx%7Ctitle=Man Utd season review 1995/96|access-date=12 September 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140525232144/http://www.manutd.com/en/Sir-Alex-25-Years/Trophies/Trophy-Articles/League-199596.aspx%7Carchive-date=25 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
|
| Beckham swiftly established himself as United's right-sided midfielder (rather than a right-winger in the style of his predecessor Andrei Kanchelskis) and helped them to win the Premier League title and [[FA Cup]] [[Double (association football)|double]] that season, scoring the winner in the semi-final against [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] and also providing the [[corner kick|corner]] from which [[Eric Cantona]] scored in the FA Cup Final. Beckham's first title medal had, for a while, looked like it would not be coming that season, as United were still 10 points adrift of leaders [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] at the turn of the new year, but Beckham and his teammates had overhauled the [[Tyneside]]rs at the top of the league by mid March and they remained top until the end of the season. Despite playing regularly and to a consistently high standard for Manchester United, Beckham did not break into the England squad before [[UEFA Euro 1996|Euro 1996]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Euro 96 stars going strong |url= http://www.thefa.com/England/SeniorTeam/NewsAndFeatures/Postings/2005/01/Euro96_Feature.htm |archive-url= https://archive.today/20050326090133/http://www.thefa.com/England/SeniorTeam/NewsAndFeatures/Postings/2005/01/Euro96_Feature.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 March 2005 |publisher=The Football Association |date=21 January 2005 |access-date=16 July 2007 }}</ref> | Beckham swiftly established himself as United's right-sided midfielder (rather than a right-winger in the style of his predecessor Andrei Kanchelskis) and helped them to win the Premier League title and [[FA Cup]] [[Double (association football)|double]] that season, scoring the winner in the semi-final against [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] and also providing the [[corner kick|corner]] from which [[Eric Cantona]] scored in the FA Cup Final. Beckham's first title medal had, for a while, looked like it would not be coming that season, as United were still 10 points adrift of leaders [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] at the turn of the new year, but Beckham and his teammates had overhauled the [[Tyneside]]rs at the top of the league by mid March and they remained top until the end of the season. Despite playing regularly and to a consistently high standard for Manchester United, Beckham did not break into the England squad before [[UEFA Euro 1996|Euro 1996]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Euro 96 stars going strong |url= http://www.thefa.com/England/SeniorTeam/NewsAndFeatures/Postings/2005/01/Euro96_Feature.htm |archive-url= https://archive.today/20050326090133/http://www.thefa.com/England/SeniorTeam/NewsAndFeatures/Postings/2005/01/Euro96_Feature.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 March 2005 |publisher=The Football Association |date=21 January 2005 |access-date=16 July 2007 }}</ref> | | Line 97: | Line 97: |
|
| ====2000–2001: Troubled relationship with Ferguson==== | ====2000–2001: Troubled relationship with Ferguson==== | By the early 2000s, the relationship between Ferguson and Beckham had begun to deteriorate, possibly as a result of Beckham's fame and commitments away from football. In 2000, Beckham was given permission to miss training to look after his son Brooklyn, who had [[gastroenteritis]], but Ferguson was furious when [[Victoria Beckham]] was photographed at a London Fashion Week event on the same night, claiming that Beckham would have been able to train if Victoria had looked after Brooklyn that day. He responded by fining Beckham the maximum amount that was permitted (two weeks' wages – then £50,000) and dropping him for a crucial match against United's rivals Leeds United. He later criticised Beckham for this in his autobiography, claiming he had not been "fair to his teammates"<ref>The Boss 469.</ref> Beckham had a good season for his club, though, and helped United to win the Premier League by a record margin. | By the early-2000s, the relationship between Ferguson and Beckham had begun to deteriorate, possibly as a result of Beckham's fame and commitments away from football. In 2000, Beckham was given permission to miss training to look after his son Brooklyn, who had [[gastroenteritis]], but Ferguson was furious when [[Victoria Beckham]] was photographed at a London Fashion Week event on the same night, claiming that Beckham would have been able to train if Victoria had looked after Brooklyn that day. He responded by fining Beckham the maximum amount that was permitted (two weeks' wages – then £50,000) and dropping him for a crucial match against United's rivals Leeds United. He later criticised Beckham for this in his autobiography, claiming he had not been "fair to his teammates"<ref>The Boss 469.</ref> Beckham had a good season for his club, though, and helped United to win the Premier League by a record margin. | <blockquote> | <blockquote> | "He was never a problem until he got married. He used to go into work with the academy coaches at night time, he was a fantastic young lad. Getting married into that entertainment scene was a difficult thing – from that moment, his life was never going to be the same. He is such a big celebrity, football is only a small part."' – Alex Ferguson speaking about Beckham's marriage in 2007.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/ferguson-will-never-talk-to-the-bbc-again-401487.html%7Ctitle=Ferguson will never talk to the BBC again|last=Harris|first=Nick|date=6 September 2007|work=The Independent |location=UK |access-date=30 April 2009 }}</ref> | "He was never a problem until he got married. He used to go into work with the academy coaches at night time, he was a fantastic young lad. Getting married into that entertainment scene was a difficult thing – from that moment, his life was never going to be the same. He is such a big celebrity, football is only a small part."' – Alex Ferguson speaking about Beckham's marriage in 2007.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/ferguson-will-never-talk-to-the-bbc-again-401487.html%7Ctitle=Ferguson will never talk to the BBC again|last=Harris|first=Nick|date=6 September 2007|work=The Independent |location=UK |access-date=30 April 2009 }}</ref> | | Line 118: | Line 118: |
|
| [[File:Beckham zidane.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Beckham (top) and [[Zinedine Zidane]] at Real Madrid in 2003]] | [[File:Beckham zidane.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Beckham (top) and [[Zinedine Zidane]] at Real Madrid in 2003]] | In the week before Beckham's presentation, Real named [[Carlos Queiroz]] as their new head coach, meaning that Beckham was reunited with a familiar face upon arriving to Madrid, since Queiroz had spent the previous season as Ferguson's assistant at Manchester United. In late July 2003, the club went on a tour of the [[Far East]] as part of pre-season training, but also to cash in on Beckham's huge marketing appeal in Asia, where he enjoyed tremendous following. Comparing his reception upon arriving at [[Kunming Changshui International Airport|Kunming Airport]] in south China to [[Beatlemania]], Marca ran the headline, "Beckham-mania in China".<ref name="Mania"/> After the opening game in Beijing the tour featured games in Hong Kong, Tokyo and Bangkok. Real's brand recognition in that part of the globe was already well established as the club made financially successful trips to Asia during previous off-seasons. The presence of a global marketing icon such as Beckham, however, made this particular tour a financial smash for los Merengues.<ref name="Mania">{{cite news |title=Beckham-mania in China on Real Madrid's 2003 Asia tour |url= https://www.marca.com/en/football/real-madrid/2019/07/17/5d2ee2d046163f6e7f8b45ba.html |access-date=3 October 2021 |work=Marca}}</ref> | In the week before Beckham's presentation, Real named [[Carlos Queiroz]] as their new head coach, meaning that Beckham was reunited with a familiar face upon arriving to Madrid, since Queiroz had spent the previous season as Ferguson's assistant at Manchester United. In late -July 2003, the club went on a tour of the [[Far East]] as part of pre-season training, but also to cash in on Beckham's huge marketing appeal in Asia, where he enjoyed tremendous following. Comparing his reception upon arriving at [[Kunming Changshui International Airport|Kunming Airport]] in south China to [[Beatlemania]], Marca ran the headline, "Beckham-mania in China".<ref name="Mania"/> After the opening game in Beijing the tour featured games in Hong Kong, Tokyo and Bangkok. Real's brand recognition in that part of the globe was already well established as the club made financially successful trips to Asia during previous off-seasons. The presence of a global marketing icon such as Beckham, however, made this particular tour a financial smash for los Merengues.<ref name="Mania">{{cite news |title=Beckham-mania in China on Real Madrid's 2003 Asia tour |url= https://www.marca.com/en/football/real-madrid/2019/07/17/5d2ee2d046163f6e7f8b45ba.html |access-date=3 October 2021 |work=Marca}}</ref> |
|
| Shortly after his transfer to Real, Beckham also ended his relationship with agent Tony Stephens of [[Live Nation Entertainment|SFX Europe]], who had guided him through his career until that point, including helping to engineer Beckham's move from Manchester to Madrid. Beckham signed on with [[Simon Fuller]] and his company [[19 Entertainment]], which already managed the career of Victoria.<ref> The Beckham Experiment, Grant Wahl, Three Rivers Press, New York, 2010 paperback edition, p.77</ref> Beckham also appointed close friend [[Terry Byrne]] to be his personal manager.<ref name="galaxy-millions"/><ref>{{cite news|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/3229703.stm |title=Beckham bags Watford man |work=BBC Sport |date=31 October 2003 |access-date=13 August 2010}}</ref> | Shortly after his transfer to Real, Beckham also ended his relationship with agent Tony Stephens of [[Live Nation Entertainment|SFX Europe]], who had guided him through his career until that point, including helping to engineer Beckham's move from Manchester to Madrid. Beckham signed on with [[Simon Fuller]] and his company [[19 Entertainment]], which already managed the career of Victoria.<ref> The Beckham Experiment, Grant Wahl, Three Rivers Press, New York, 2010 paperback edition, p.77</ref> Beckham also appointed close friend [[Terry Byrne]] to be his personal manager.<ref name="galaxy-millions"/><ref>{{cite news|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/3229703.stm |title=Beckham bags Watford man |work=BBC Sport |date=31 October 2003 |access-date=13 August 2010}}</ref> |
|
| | | In late August 2003, Real Madrid won the [[2003 Supercopa de España|Spanish Super Cup]] over two legs versus [[RCD Mallorca]], with Beckham scoring the final goal in a 3–0 return leg win at home, thus setting the stage for the start of the league season. Playing in a star-laden team which included three former [[FIFA World Player of the Year]] recipients, [[Zinedine Zidane]], [[Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer)|Ronaldo]] and [[Luís Figo]], in addition to [[Roberto Carlos]], [[Raúl (footballer)|Raúl]] and [[Iker Casillas]], Beckham did not require much time to settle in, scoring five times in his first 16 matches (including a goal less than three minutes into his La Liga debut). Queiroz mostly favoured the adaptable 5–3–2 formation, with two fullbacks [[Míchel Salgado]] and Roberto Carlos, often joining the attack down the wings, while Beckham played on the right of the three-man midfield, alongside Zidane and Figo.<ref name="2003–04 Real Madrid">{{cite web |url= http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/t/t2003-042.html |title=2003–04 Real Madrid |publisher=Bdfutbol.com |access-date=10 June 2012 }}</ref> | In late -August 2003, Real Madrid won the [[2003 Supercopa de España|Spanish Super Cup]] over two legs versus [[RCD Mallorca]], with Beckham scoring the final goal in a 3–0 return leg win at home, thus setting the stage for the start of the league season. Playing in a star-laden team which included three former [[FIFA World Player of the Year]] recipients, [[Zinedine Zidane]], [[Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer)|Ronaldo]] and [[Luís Figo]], in addition to [[Roberto Carlos]], [[Raúl (footballer)|Raúl]] and [[Iker Casillas]], Beckham did not require much time to settle in, scoring five times in his first 16 matches (including a goal less than three minutes into his La Liga debut). Queiroz mostly favoured the adaptable 5–3–2 formation, with two fullbacks [[Míchel Salgado]] and Roberto Carlos, often joining the attack down the wings, while Beckham played on the right of the three-man midfield, alongside Zidane and Figo.<ref name="2003–04 Real Madrid">{{cite web |url= http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/t/t2003-042.html |title=2003–04 Real Madrid |publisher=Bdfutbol.com |access-date=10 June 2012 }}</ref> |
|
| | | | Line 293: | Line 293: | | |
|
| | |
|
| His former England manager [[Steve McClaren]] stated: "I've been very fortunate to work with some great players and he [Beckham] was one of them. He was a great player, he made the very most of his talents and that was through sheer hard work, professionalism, always doing extra on the training field. He inspired his team-mates through his performances, he was a winner. He was a leader, people followed him."<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/football/2013/may/16/david-beckham-retires-reaction |title=David Beckham retires: 'He was a leader, people followed him' |work=The Guardian |last1=Jackson |first1=Jamie |date=16 May 2013 |access-date=2 April 2020 }}</ref> Arsenal manager [[Arsène Wenger]] stated, "What remains in your memory is his genuine commitment and dedication, his natural humility which he always had, that will stay forever."<ref name="Quote"/> | His former England manager [[Steve McClaren]] stated: "I've been very fortunate to work with some great players and he [Beckham] was one of them. He was a great player, he made the very most of his talents and that was through sheer hard work, professionalism, always doing extra on the training field. He inspired his team-mates through his performances, he was a winner. He was a leader, people followed him."<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/football/2013/may/16/david-beckham-retires-reaction |title=David Beckham retires: 'He was a leader, people followed him' |work=The Guardian |last1=Jackson |first1=Jamie |date=16 May 2013 |access-date=2 April 2020 }}</ref> Arsenal manager [[Arsène Wenger]] stated, "What remains in your memory is his genuine commitment and dedication, his natural humility which he always had, that will stay forever."<ref name="Quote"/> | | Line 312: | Line 312: | ===David Beckham Academy=== | ===David Beckham Academy=== | [[File:David Beckham Academy London at night.jpg|thumb|Beckham Academy in London]] | [[File:David Beckham Academy London at night.jpg|thumb|Beckham Academy in London]] | | |
|
| ===Inter Miami CF=== | ===Inter Miami CF=== | | Line 333: | Line 333: | | |
|
| | |
|
| | |
|
| 2023-03-21T15:49:53Z |
Miu Miu |
diff |
| | | Line 23: | Line 23: | By 2005, Prada worked on distinguishing Miu Miu by setting up a separate showroom for the brand in an Art Nouveau villa that served as Prada’s first Milan headquarters, and using that same location for the men’s fall-winter show in 2006.<ref>Amanda Kaiser (March 3, 2006), Miu Miu Comes Into Its Own [[Women's Wear Daily]].</ref> | By 2005, Prada worked on distinguishing Miu Miu by setting up a separate showroom for the brand in an Art Nouveau villa that served as Prada’s first Milan headquarters, and using that same location for the men’s fall-winter show in 2006.<ref>Amanda Kaiser (March 3, 2006), Miu Miu Comes Into Its Own [[Women's Wear Daily]].</ref> |
|
| | |
|
| In 2020, Miu Miu introduced Upcycled by Miu Miu, a limited collection of vintage dresses from the 1940s through the 1970s that have been tweaked and refashioned.<ref>[[Vanessa Friedman]] (October 22, 2020), The Newest Thing in Fashion? Old Clothes [[New York Times]].</ref> | In 2020, Miu Miu introduced Upcycled by Miu Miu, a limited collection of vintage dresses from the 1940s through the 1970s that have been tweaked and refashioned.<ref>[[Vanessa Friedman]] (October 22, 2020), The Newest Thing in Fashion? Old Clothes [[New York Times]].</ref> |
|
| 2023-03-21T15:43:49Z |
Harry Styles |
diff |
| | | Line 76: | Line 76: | ===2022–present: Harry's House and further acting roles=== | ===2022–present: Harry's House and further acting roles=== | [[File:Harry Styles - Love On Tour @ Jeunesse Arena (52555259636) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|right|Styles performing in [[Rio de Janeiro]] in 2022]] | [[File:Harry Styles - Love On Tour @ Jeunesse Arena (52555259636) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|right|Styles performing in [[Rio de Janeiro]] in 2022]] | In 2022, Styles achieved critical and commercial success with his third album, [[Harry's House]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Harry's House by Harry Styles Reviews and Tracks |url= https://www.metacritic.com/music/harrys-house/harry-styles |publisher=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=18 June 2022}}</ref> Its lead single "[[As It Was]]" debuted atop the UK and US charts, becoming his second solo number one single in both countries.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Dailey |first=Hannah |title=Harry Styles Announces First Single From 'Harry's House' — and It's Coming Soon |url= https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/harry-styles-harrys-house-first-single-announced-1235050116/ |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=28 March 2022 |date=28 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Griffiths|first=George|url= https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/harry-styles-claims-career-best-debut-with-second-solo-number-1-single__35710/%7Ctitle=Harry Styles claims career-best debut with second solo Number 1 single|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|date=8 April 2022|access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url= https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/harry-styles-as-it-was-number-one-billboard-hot-100-debut-1235057698/%7Ctitle=Harry Styles' 'As It Was' Launches at No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100|last=Trust|first=Gary|magazine=Billboard|date=11 April 2022|access-date=11 April 2022}}</ref> In the US, it became the [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones|fourth longest running number-one in the charts history]] at 15 weeks.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-63045287%7Ctitle=Harry Styles' As It Was becomes longest-running US number one by a UK act|work=[[BBC]]|date=27 September 2022|access-date=27 September 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220927085014/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-63045287%7Carchive-date=27 September 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> The album similarly debuted atop the UK and US charts.<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Carl|url= https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/harry-styles-boasts-fastest-selling-album-of-the-year-to-date-with-harry-s-house__36460/%7Ctitle=Harry Styles boasts fastest-selling album of the year to date with Harry's House|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|date=27 May 2022|access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Caulfield|first=Keith|url= https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/harry-styles-harrys-house-number-one-billboard-200-chart-1235078807/%7Ctitle=Harry Styles' 'Harry's House' Debuts at No. 1 on Billboard 200 With Half-Million-Plus First Week in U.S.|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=29 May 2022|access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref> During its release week, Styles occupied the top spot of the album and singles charts in both the UK and US with Harry's House and "As It Was", respectively.<ref>{{cite web|last=Griffiths|first=George|url= https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/harry-styles-scores-official-chart-double-dominates-albums-and-singles-chart__36461/%7Ctitle=Harry Styles scores Official Chart Double, dominates Albums and Singles chart|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|date=27 May 2022|access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Zellner|first=Xander|url= https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/harry-styles-number-one-artist-100-harrys-house-1235079640/%7Ctitle=Harry Styles Returns to No. 1 on Billboard Artist 100 Chart Thanks to 'Harry's House' Debut|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=1 June 2022|access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref> With four tracks from the album concurrently charting within the US top 10, he became the first British solo artist to achieve this feat.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Trust|first=Gary|url= https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/harry-styles-as-it-was-harrys-house-hot-100-number-one-1235078922/%7Ctitle=Harry Styles Returns to No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100 With 'As It Was,' Debuts 3 Songs in Top 10|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=31 May 2022|access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref> He headlined the [[Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival]] in April.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-01 |title=Why Do Women in Their 40s Love Harry Styles So Much? |url= https://www.vogue.com/article/why-women-in-their-40s-love-harry-styles-so-much |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Atkinson|first=Katie|title=Full Coachella 2022 Lineup Is Here|url= https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/coachella-2022-lineup-1235018510/%7Cdate=12 January 2022|access-date=13 January 2022|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=13 January 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220113030026/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/coachella-2022-lineup-1235018510/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> In June, Styles and his song "[[Music for a Sushi Restaurant]]" were featured in a new [[AirPods]] commercial for [[Apple Inc.|Apple]].<ref name="Harry Styles Helps Apple Bring Back Its Iconic ‘Silhouettes’ Ad">{{cite magazine |last1=Kreps |first1=Daniel |title=Harry Styles Helps Apple Bring Back Its Iconic 'Silhouettes' Ad |url= https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/harry-styles-apple-silhouettes-ad-airpods-1361933/ |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |access-date=2 June 2022 |date=2 June 2022}}</ref> A music video for Harry's House second single "[[Late Night Talking]]" was released on 13 July.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Dailey|first=Hannah|title=Harry Styles Has Fun in Bed in 'Late Night Talking' Music Video: Watch|url= https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/harry-styles-late-night-talking-music-video-1235113797/%7Cdate=13 July 2022|access-date=13 July 2022|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=13 July 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220713165903/https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/harry-styles-late-night-talking-music-video-1235113797/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> Later that month, Harry's House was shortlisted for the [[Mercury Prize]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Singh |first=Surej |title=Mercury Prize 2022 shortlist revealed |url= https://www.nme.com/news/music/mercury-prize-2022-shortlist-nominations-3277014 |magazine=[[NME]] |date=26 July 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022}}</ref> At the [[2022 MTV Video Music Awards]], Styles received three accolades, including [[MTV Video Music Award for Album of the Year|Album of the Year]] for Harry's House.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Daly|first1=Rhian|url= https://www.nme.com/news/music/mtv-vmas-2022-winners-list-3299368%7Ctitle=Here are all the winners from the MTV VMAs 2022|website=[[NME]]|date=29 August 2022|access-date=29 August 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220829005540/https://www.nme.com/news/music/mtv-vmas-2022-winners-list-3299368%7Carchive-date=19 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Harry's House won [[Grammy Award for Album of the Year|Album of the Year]] and [[Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album|Best Pop Vocal Album]] at the [[65th Annual Grammy Awards|65th Grammy Awards]],<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-64533539%7Cauthor=Mark Savage|title=Grammys 2023: Beyoncé makes history and Harry Styles wins album of the year|work=BBC|date=February 6, 2023|access-date=February 16, 2023}}</ref> and [[Brit Award for British Album of the Year|British Album of the Year]] at [[Brit Awards 2023|43rd Brit Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-64612218%7Cauthor= Helen Bushby|title=Brit Awards 2023: Harry Styles steals the show with four wins|work=BBC|date=February 12, 2023|access-date=February 16, 2023}}</ref> | In 2022, Styles achieved critical and commercial success with his third album, [[Harry's House]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Harry's House by Harry Styles Reviews and Tracks |url= https://www.metacritic.com/music/harrys-house/harry-styles |publisher=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=18 June 2022}}</ref> Its lead single "[[As It Was]]" debuted atop the UK and US charts, becoming his second solo number one single in both countries.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Dailey |first=Hannah |title=Harry Styles Announces First Single From 'Harry's House' — and It's Coming Soon |url= https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/harry-styles-harrys-house-first-single-announced-1235050116/ |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=28 March 2022 |date=28 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Griffiths|first=George|url= https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/harry-styles-claims-career-best-debut-with-second-solo-number-1-single__35710/%7Ctitle=Harry Styles claims career-best debut with second solo Number 1 single|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|date=8 April 2022|access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url= https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/harry-styles-as-it-was-number-one-billboard-hot-100-debut-1235057698/%7Ctitle=Harry Styles' 'As It Was' Launches at No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100|last=Trust|first=Gary|magazine=Billboard|date=11 April 2022|access-date=11 April 2022}}</ref> In the US, it became the [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones|fourth longest running number-one in the charts history]] at 15 weeks.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-63045287%7Ctitle=Harry Styles' As It Was becomes longest-running US number one by a UK act|work=[[BBC]]|date=27 September 2022|access-date=27 September 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220927085014/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-63045287%7Carchive-date=27 September 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> The album similarly debuted atop the UK and US charts.<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Carl|url= https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/harry-styles-boasts-fastest-selling-album-of-the-year-to-date-with-harry-s-house__36460/%7Ctitle=Harry Styles boasts fastest-selling album of the year to date with Harry's House|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|date=27 May 2022|access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Caulfield|first=Keith|url= https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/harry-styles-harrys-house-number-one-billboard-200-chart-1235078807/%7Ctitle=Harry Styles' 'Harry's House' Debuts at No. 1 on Billboard 200 With Half-Million-Plus First Week in U.S.|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=29 May 2022|access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref> During its release week, Styles occupied the top spot of the album and singles charts ,in both the UK and US , with Harry's House and "As It Was", respectively.<ref>{{cite web|last=Griffiths|first=George|url= https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/harry-styles-scores-official-chart-double-dominates-albums-and-singles-chart__36461/%7Ctitle=Harry Styles scores Official Chart Double, dominates Albums and Singles chart|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|date=27 May 2022|access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Zellner|first=Xander|url= https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/harry-styles-number-one-artist-100-harrys-house-1235079640/%7Ctitle=Harry Styles Returns to No. 1 on Billboard Artist 100 Chart Thanks to 'Harry's House' Debut|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=1 June 2022|access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref> With four tracks from the album concurrently charting within the US top 10, he became the first British solo artist to achieve this feat.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Trust|first=Gary|url= https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/harry-styles-as-it-was-harrys-house-hot-100-number-one-1235078922/%7Ctitle=Harry Styles Returns to No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100 With 'As It Was,' Debuts 3 Songs in Top 10|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=31 May 2022|access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref> He headlined the [[Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival]] in April.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-01 |title=Why Do Women in Their 40s Love Harry Styles So Much? |url= https://www.vogue.com/article/why-women-in-their-40s-love-harry-styles-so-much |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Atkinson|first=Katie|title=Full Coachella 2022 Lineup Is Here|url= https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/coachella-2022-lineup-1235018510/%7Cdate=12 January 2022|access-date=13 January 2022|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=13 January 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220113030026/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/coachella-2022-lineup-1235018510/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> In June, Styles and his song "[[Music for a Sushi Restaurant]]" were featured in a new [[AirPods]] commercial for [[Apple Inc.|Apple]].<ref name="Harry Styles Helps Apple Bring Back Its Iconic ‘Silhouettes’ Ad">{{cite magazine |last1=Kreps |first1=Daniel |title=Harry Styles Helps Apple Bring Back Its Iconic 'Silhouettes' Ad |url= https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/harry-styles-apple-silhouettes-ad-airpods-1361933/ |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |access-date=2 June 2022 |date=2 June 2022}}</ref> A music video for Harry's House second single "[[Late Night Talking]]" was released on 13 July.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Dailey|first=Hannah|title=Harry Styles Has Fun in Bed in 'Late Night Talking' Music Video: Watch|url= https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/harry-styles-late-night-talking-music-video-1235113797/%7Cdate=13 July 2022|access-date=13 July 2022|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=13 July 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220713165903/https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/harry-styles-late-night-talking-music-video-1235113797/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> Later that month, Harry's House was shortlisted for the [[Mercury Prize]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Singh |first=Surej |title=Mercury Prize 2022 shortlist revealed |url= https://www.nme.com/news/music/mercury-prize-2022-shortlist-nominations-3277014 |magazine=[[NME]] |date=26 July 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022}}</ref> At the [[2022 MTV Video Music Awards]], Styles received three accolades, including [[MTV Video Music Award for Album of the Year|Album of the Year]] for Harry's House.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Daly|first1=Rhian|url= https://www.nme.com/news/music/mtv-vmas-2022-winners-list-3299368%7Ctitle=Here are all the winners from the MTV VMAs 2022|website=[[NME]]|date=29 August 2022|access-date=29 August 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220829005540/https://www.nme.com/news/music/mtv-vmas-2022-winners-list-3299368%7Carchive-date=19 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Harry's House won [[Grammy Award for Album of the Year|Album of the Year]] and [[Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album|Best Pop Vocal Album]] at the [[65th Annual Grammy Awards|65th Grammy Awards]],<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-64533539%7Cauthor=Mark Savage|title=Grammys 2023: Beyoncé makes history and Harry Styles wins album of the year|work=BBC|date=February 6, 2023|access-date=February 16, 2023}}</ref> and [[Brit Award for British Album of the Year|British Album of the Year]] at [[Brit Awards 2023|43rd Brit Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-64612218%7Cauthor= Helen Bushby|title=Brit Awards 2023: Harry Styles steals the show with four wins|work=BBC|date=February 12, 2023|access-date=February 16, 2023}}</ref> |
|
| Styles auditioned for the role of Elvis Presley in [[Baz Luhrmann]]'s musical biopic [[Elvis (2022 film)|Elvis]]. Luhrmann stated that while "Harry is a really talented actor ... the real issue with Harry is, he's Harry Styles. He's already an icon."<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nme.com/news/film/baz-luhrmann-harry-styles-embodies-so-much-elvis-3245346%7Ctitle= Baz Luhrmann says Harry Styles "embodies so much of Elvis"|website= [[NME]]|date= 12 June 2022|access-date= June 15, 2022}}</ref> Styles starred alongside [[Florence Pugh]] in the 2022 psychological thriller film [[Don't Worry Darling]], directed by [[Olivia Wilde]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ritman |first=Alex |date=2022-09-05 |title=Harry Styles Says He Has "No Idea What I'm Doing" When It Comes to Acting |url= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/harry-styles-acting-dont-worry-darling-1235212507/ |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Romano|first1=Nick|url= https://ew.com/movies/dont-worry-darling-first-look-florence-pugh-harry-styles/%7Ctitle=Don't Worry Darling drops first look at Florence Pugh, Harry Styles film|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=4 March 2021|access-date=8 May 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210304162139/https://ew.com/movies/dont-worry-darling-first-look-florence-pugh-harry-styles/%7Carchive-date=4 March 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Having premiered at the [[79th Venice International Film Festival]], the film, as well as his performance, received mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.metacritic.com/movie/dont-worry-darling%7Ctitle=Don't Worry Darling|via=www.metacritic.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/dont_worry_darling%7Ctitle=Don't Worry Darling|via=www.rottentomatoes.com}}</ref> Steph Green, writing for the [[BBC]], noted that "Harry Styles doesn't feel up to the material here, with leaden line delivery and a lack of light and shade making his scenes opposite Pugh fall flat",<ref>{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Steph |title=Don't Worry Darling review: Full of 'half-baked ideas' |url= https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220905-dont-worry-darling-is-full-of-half-baked-risk-free-ideas |access-date=2022-09-10 |website=BBC |language=en}}</ref> but some such as [[Owen Gleiberman]] were more positive of his performance, writing that "with his popping eyes, floppy shock of hair, and saturnine suaveness, he recalls the young [[Frank Sinatra]] as an actor."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gleiberman |first=OWen |date=2022-09-05 |title='Don't Worry Darling' Review: Florence Pugh and Harry Styles Sizzle in Olivia Wilde's Neo-'50s Nightmare Thriller, but the Movie Is More Showy Than Convincing |url= https://variety.com/2022/film/reviews/dont-worry-darling-review-florence-pugh-harry-styles-olivia-wilde-1235360429/ |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> Also in 2022, Styles starred alongside [[Emma Corrin]] in [[My Policeman (film)|My Policeman]], a film adaptation of the [[My Policeman|2012 novel of the same name]] which premiered at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gardner |first=Chris |date=2022-08-22 |title=Harry Styles on Navigating Gay Sex Scenes in 'My Policeman': "It's Tender and Loving and Sensitive" |url= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/harry-styles-gay-sex-scenes-my-policeman-dont-worry-darling-1235203615/ |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Houghton|first1=Rianne|url= https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a36349454/harry-styles-my-policeman-lgbtq-drama-emma-corrin/%7Ctitle=Harry Styles seen in costume as he films LGBTQ+ drama My Policeman|website=[[Digital Spy]]|date=6 May 2021|access-date=8 May 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210506130547/https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a36349454/harry-styles-my-policeman-lgbtq-drama-emma-corrin/%7Carchive-date=6 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> At the 2022 [[TIFF Tribute Awards]], the main cast of the film were awarded the TIFF Tribute Award for Performance.<ref>{{cite web |last=Nolfi |first=Joey |date=2022-08-08 |title=Harry Styles, My Policeman cast win early acting award in the Oscars race |url= https://ew.com/awards/2022-tiff-peoples-choice-award-my-policeman-cast-harry-styles/ |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=EW |language=en-US}}</ref> Despite this, reviews for the film and his performance were less positive, with Robert Daniels of [[Roger Ebert|Roger Ebert.com]] writing, "Here, Styles' inexperience as a leading man in a weepy British queer period piece is glaring".<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/my-policeman-movie-review-2022%7Ctitle= My Policeman|website= Rogerebert.com|access-date= September 12, 2022}}</ref> | Styles auditioned for the role of Elvis Presley in [[Baz Luhrmann]]'s musical biopic [[Elvis (2022 film)|Elvis]]. Luhrmann stated that while "Harry is a really talented actor ... the real issue with Harry is, he's Harry Styles. He's already an icon."<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nme.com/news/film/baz-luhrmann-harry-styles-embodies-so-much-elvis-3245346%7Ctitle= Baz Luhrmann says Harry Styles "embodies so much of Elvis"|website= [[NME]]|date= 12 June 2022|access-date= June 15, 2022}}</ref> Styles starred alongside [[Florence Pugh]] in the 2022 psychological thriller film [[Don't Worry Darling]], directed by [[Olivia Wilde]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ritman |first=Alex |date=2022-09-05 |title=Harry Styles Says He Has "No Idea What I'm Doing" When It Comes to Acting |url= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/harry-styles-acting-dont-worry-darling-1235212507/ |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Romano|first1=Nick|url= https://ew.com/movies/dont-worry-darling-first-look-florence-pugh-harry-styles/%7Ctitle=Don't Worry Darling drops first look at Florence Pugh, Harry Styles film|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=4 March 2021|access-date=8 May 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210304162139/https://ew.com/movies/dont-worry-darling-first-look-florence-pugh-harry-styles/%7Carchive-date=4 March 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Having premiered at the [[79th Venice International Film Festival]], the film, as well as his performance, received mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.metacritic.com/movie/dont-worry-darling%7Ctitle=Don't Worry Darling|via=www.metacritic.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/dont_worry_darling%7Ctitle=Don't Worry Darling|via=www.rottentomatoes.com}}</ref> Steph Green, writing for the [[BBC]], noted that "Harry Styles doesn't feel up to the material here, with leaden line delivery and a lack of light and shade making his scenes opposite Pugh fall flat",<ref>{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Steph |title=Don't Worry Darling review: Full of 'half-baked ideas' |url= https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220905-dont-worry-darling-is-full-of-half-baked-risk-free-ideas |access-date=2022-09-10 |website=BBC |language=en}}</ref> but some such as [[Owen Gleiberman]] were more positive of his performance, writing that "with his popping eyes, floppy shock of hair, and saturnine suaveness, he recalls the young [[Frank Sinatra]] as an actor."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gleiberman |first=OWen |date=2022-09-05 |title='Don't Worry Darling' Review: Florence Pugh and Harry Styles Sizzle in Olivia Wilde's Neo-'50s Nightmare Thriller, but the Movie Is More Showy Than Convincing |url= https://variety.com/2022/film/reviews/dont-worry-darling-review-florence-pugh-harry-styles-olivia-wilde-1235360429/ |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> Also in 2022, Styles starred alongside [[Emma Corrin]] in [[My Policeman (film)|My Policeman]], a film adaptation of the [[My Policeman|2012 novel of the same name]] which premiered at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gardner |first=Chris |date=2022-08-22 |title=Harry Styles on Navigating Gay Sex Scenes in 'My Policeman': "It's Tender and Loving and Sensitive" |url= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/harry-styles-gay-sex-scenes-my-policeman-dont-worry-darling-1235203615/ |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Houghton|first1=Rianne|url= https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a36349454/harry-styles-my-policeman-lgbtq-drama-emma-corrin/%7Ctitle=Harry Styles seen in costume as he films LGBTQ+ drama My Policeman|website=[[Digital Spy]]|date=6 May 2021|access-date=8 May 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210506130547/https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a36349454/harry-styles-my-policeman-lgbtq-drama-emma-corrin/%7Carchive-date=6 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> At the 2022 [[TIFF Tribute Awards]], the main cast of the film were awarded the TIFF Tribute Award for Performance.<ref>{{cite web |last=Nolfi |first=Joey |date=2022-08-08 |title=Harry Styles, My Policeman cast win early acting award in the Oscars race |url= https://ew.com/awards/2022-tiff-peoples-choice-award-my-policeman-cast-harry-styles/ |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=EW |language=en-US}}</ref> Despite this, reviews for the film and his performance were less positive, with Robert Daniels of [[Roger Ebert|Roger Ebert.com]] writing, "Here, Styles' inexperience as a leading man in a weepy British queer period piece is glaring".<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/my-policeman-movie-review-2022%7Ctitle= My Policeman|website= Rogerebert.com|access-date= September 12, 2022}}</ref> | | Line 122: | Line 122: | | |
|
| Since One Direction's early years, a group of [[Shipping (fandom)|shipping]] [[Conspiracy theory|conspiracy theorist]] fans, often called "[[Larries]]", has been dedicated to proving that Styles and Louis Tomlinson, [[Name blending|name blended]] as "Larry Stylinson", are secretly a couple that has been [[closeted]] by a homophobic music industry.<ref name="Vox2016">{{cite web |last=Romano |first=Aja |date=2016-04-18 |title=Larry Stylinson, the One Direction conspiracy theory that rules the internet, explained |url= https://www.vox.com/2016/4/18/11384118/larry-stylinson-one-direction-conspiracy-theory |access-date=2022-06-11 |website=Vox |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Queerbaiting and fandom" /><ref name="Everything I need I get from you">{{Cite book |last=Tiffany |first=Kaitlyn |title=Everything I need I get from you: how fangirls created the Internet as we know it |date=2022 |isbn=978-0-374-53918-4 |location=New York |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=381EEAAAQBAJ%7Coclc=1264273710%7Cpublisher=%5B%5BFarrar, Straus and Giroux]]}}</ref> Academics Clare Southerton and Hannah McCann connect the fan group to phenomena like [[Queering|queer reading]] and [[slash fiction]].<ref name="Queerbaiting and fandom">{{cite book |last1=Southerton |first1=Clare |last2=McCann |first2=Hannah |editor1-last=Brennan |editor1-first=Joseph |editor1-link=Joseph Brennan (author) |title=Queerbaiting and fandom: teasing fans through homoerotic possibilities |date=2019 |publisher=[[University of Iowa Press]] |location=Iowa City |isbn=9781609386726 |pages=161–163 |url= https://unsw-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay/unsworks_modsunsworks_66858/UNSWORKS |chapter=Queerbaiting and Real Person Slash: The Case of Larry Stylinson}}</ref><ref name="Repetitions of Desire">{{cite journal |last1=McCann |first1=Hannah |last2=Southerton |first2=Clare |title=Repetitions of Desire: Queering the One Direction Fangirl |journal=[[Girlhood Studies]] |date=1 March 2019 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=49–65 |doi=10.3167/ghs.2019.120106 |s2cid=150794748 |url= https://www.proquest.com/docview/2273101426/5E77882B303F468EPQ}}</ref> In 2016, the ship was labeled as "one of the largest elements of the One Direction [[fandom]], which itself is one of the largest fandoms on the internet".<ref name="Vox2016" /> The theory, mainly proliferated on social media, has led to [[Cyberbullying|online bullying]] and harassment of Styles's and Tomlinson's friends, family, and girlfriends.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lucas |first=Jessica |title=Meet the TikTokers obsessed with Harry Styles' 'secret' love life |url= https://www.inputmag.com/culture/larries-larry-stylinson-tiktok-harry-styles-harrys-house-olivia-wilde |access-date=2022-06-11 |website=Input |language=en|date=2022-05-10|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220528190938/https://www.inputmag.com/culture/larries-larry-stylinson-tiktok-harry-styles-harrys-house-olivia-wilde%7Carchive-date=28 May 2022}}</ref><ref name="Vox2016" /> | Since One Direction's early -years, a group of [[Shipping (fandom)|shipping]] [[Conspiracy theory|conspiracy theorist]] fans, often called "[[Larries]]", has been dedicated to proving that Styles and Louis Tomlinson, [[Name blending|name blended]] as "Larry Stylinson", are secretly a couple that has been [[closeted]] by a homophobic music industry.<ref name="Vox2016">{{cite web |last=Romano |first=Aja |date=2016-04-18 |title=Larry Stylinson, the One Direction conspiracy theory that rules the internet, explained |url= https://www.vox.com/2016/4/18/11384118/larry-stylinson-one-direction-conspiracy-theory |access-date=2022-06-11 |website=Vox |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Queerbaiting and fandom" /><ref name="Everything I need I get from you">{{Cite book |last=Tiffany |first=Kaitlyn |title=Everything I need I get from you: how fangirls created the Internet as we know it |date=2022 |isbn=978-0-374-53918-4 |location=New York |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=381EEAAAQBAJ%7Coclc=1264273710%7Cpublisher=%5B%5BFarrar, Straus and Giroux]]}}</ref> Academics Clare Southerton and Hannah McCann connect the fan group to phenomena like [[Queering|queer reading]] and [[slash fiction]].<ref name="Queerbaiting and fandom">{{cite book |last1=Southerton |first1=Clare |last2=McCann |first2=Hannah |editor1-last=Brennan |editor1-first=Joseph |editor1-link=Joseph Brennan (author) |title=Queerbaiting and fandom: teasing fans through homoerotic possibilities |date=2019 |publisher=[[University of Iowa Press]] |location=Iowa City |isbn=9781609386726 |pages=161–163 |url= https://unsw-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay/unsworks_modsunsworks_66858/UNSWORKS |chapter=Queerbaiting and Real Person Slash: The Case of Larry Stylinson}}</ref><ref name="Repetitions of Desire">{{cite journal |last1=McCann |first1=Hannah |last2=Southerton |first2=Clare |title=Repetitions of Desire: Queering the One Direction Fangirl |journal=[[Girlhood Studies]] |date=1 March 2019 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=49–65 |doi=10.3167/ghs.2019.120106 |s2cid=150794748 |url= https://www.proquest.com/docview/2273101426/5E77882B303F468EPQ}}</ref> In 2016, the ship was labeled as "one of the largest elements of the One Direction [[fandom]], which itself is one of the largest fandoms on the internet".<ref name="Vox2016" /> The theory, mainly proliferated on social media, has led to [[Cyberbullying|online bullying]] and harassment of Styles's and Tomlinson's friends, family, and girlfriends.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lucas |first=Jessica |title=Meet the TikTokers obsessed with Harry Styles' 'secret' love life |url= https://www.inputmag.com/culture/larries-larry-stylinson-tiktok-harry-styles-harrys-house-olivia-wilde |access-date=2022-06-11 |website=Input |language=en|date=2022-05-10|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220528190938/https://www.inputmag.com/culture/larries-larry-stylinson-tiktok-harry-styles-harrys-house-olivia-wilde%7Carchive-date=28 May 2022}}</ref><ref name="Vox2016" /> |
|
| | | In 2022, Rolling Stone UK named Styles the 'new King of Pop', which drew criticism from [[Michael Jackson]]'s fans and family members.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 August 2022 |title=Rolling Stone Slammed Over Honorary Title for Harry Styles: 'There Is No New King of Pop' |publisher=[[TheWrap]] |url= https://www.thewrap.com/rolling-stone-king-of-pop-harry-styles-twitter/ |url-status=live |access-date=22 August 2022}}</ref> | In 2022, Rolling Stone UK named Styles the 'new King of Pop', which drew criticism from [[Michael Jackson]]'s fans and family members.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 August 2022 |title=Rolling Stone Slammed Over Honorary Title for Harry Styles: 'There Is No New King of Pop' |publisher=[[TheWrap]] |url= https://www.thewrap.com/rolling-stone-king-of-pop-harry-styles-twitter/ |url-status=live |access-date=22 August 2022}}</ref> |
|
|
|
| 2023-03-21T15:26:36Z |
Tarak Ben Ammar |
diff |
| | | Line 2: | Line 2: | Tarak Ben Ammar ({{lang-ar|طارق بن عمّار}}; born June 12, 1949) is a Tunisian-French [[film producer]] and distributor; the owner of French production and distribution company [[Quinta Communications]]. He is famous for his interest in artistic movies, especially when they are related to [[Mediterranean]] culture or require [[North Africa]]n locations. His producing credits include the [[Franco Zeffirelli]] film adaptation of [[La traviata (1983 film)|La Traviata]] and [[Claude Chabrol]]'s [[Death Rite]]. On 19 May 2010, he announced a "strategic relationship" with the [[Weinstein Company]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=146483 |title=The Weinstein Company Enters Into an Agreement With Goldman, Sachs & Co |publisher=Prnewswire.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-08-25}}</ref> | Tarak Ben Ammar ({{lang-ar|طارق بن عمّار}}; born June 12, 1949) is a Tunisian-French [[film producer]] and distributor; the owner of French production and distribution company [[Quinta Communications]]. He is famous for his interest in artistic movies, especially when they are related to [[Mediterranean]] culture or require [[North Africa]]n locations. His producing credits include the [[Franco Zeffirelli]] film adaptation of [[La traviata (1983 film)|La Traviata]] and [[Claude Chabrol]]'s [[Death Rite]]. On 19 May 2010, he announced a "strategic relationship" with the [[Weinstein Company]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=146483 |title=The Weinstein Company Enters Into an Agreement With Goldman, Sachs & Co |publisher=Prnewswire.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-08-25}}</ref> |
|
| Ben Ammar became well known in [[France]] at the beginning of 2004 when he decided to distribute [[The Passion of The Christ]] after everybody else declined. He appeared on television [[talk show]]s, defending the movie. He is also known as the advisor of international investor [[Prince Al Waleed Bin Talal Bin Abdul Aziz]], and French businessman [[Vincent Bolloré]].<ref name="videoageinternational">{{cite web|url= http://www.videoageinternational.com/articles/2003/11/article1.html |title=Tarak Ben Ammar: The Great Negotiator |publisher=Videoageinternational.com |date= |accessdate=2011-08-25}}</ref> | Ben Ammar became well -known in [[France]] , at the beginning of 2004 , when he decided to distribute [[The Passion of The Christ]] after everybody else declined. He appeared on television [[talk show]]s, defending the movie. He is also known as the advisor of international investor [[Prince Al Waleed Bin Talal Bin Abdul Aziz]], and French businessman [[Vincent Bolloré]].<ref name="videoageinternational">{{cite web|url= http://www.videoageinternational.com/articles/2003/11/article1.html |title=Tarak Ben Ammar: The Great Negotiator |publisher=Videoageinternational.com |date= |accessdate=2011-08-25}}</ref> |
|
| | |
|
| 2023-03-21T15:23:47Z |
Kendall Jenner |
diff |
| | | Line 137: | Line 137: |
|
| ==Other ventures== | ==Other ventures== | | Beginning 2015, Jenner featured in a series of commercial ads for various products<ref>{{cite web |last = March |first = Bridget |date = August 20, 2015 |title = All the Kendall Jenner approved makeup products |url = http://www.cosmopolitan.co.uk/beauty-hair/celebrity-hair-makeup/a38086/kendall-jenner-makeup-products/ |work = [[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]] |access-date = December 29, 2015 }}</ref> , including Jenner's signature Pure Color Envy Matte Sculpting Lipstick. In February 2016, Jenner and beauty blogger Irene Kim became guest editors for the Estée Edit,<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-beauty/news/kendall-jenner-goes-nearly-naked-in-new-estee-edit-videos-w164139 |title = Kendall Jenner Strips Down to Her Underwear to Introduce the Estee Edit |last = Torgerson |first = Rachel |date = February 15, 2016 |work = [[Us Weekly]] |access-date = February 15, 2016 }}</ref> accompanied by a signature Eyeshadow Palette.<ref>{{cite journal |last = Quinn |first = Cat |date = February 17, 2016 |title = Exclusive: Kendall Jenner Reveals A Major Makeup Launch |url = http://www.refinery29.com/2016/02/103438/kendall-jenner-estee-lauder-eyeshadow-palette-interview |journal = [[Refinery29]] |access-date = February 18, 2016 }}</ref> |
|
| | | | Line 177: | Line 177: |
|
| === 818 tequila campaign === | === 818 tequila campaign === | | |
|
| === Liu Jo lawsuit === | === Liu Jo lawsuit === | In August 2021 Jenner was sued for $1.8 million by Italian fashion company [[Liu·Jo|Liu Jo]] for allegedly breaching her contract.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Kendall Jenner Sued for $1.8M by Designer for Breach of Contract After Allegedly Skipping Shoots|url= https://people.com/style/kendall-jenner-sued-breach-contract-liu-jo/%7Caccess-date=2021-09-03%7Cwebsite=People%7Clanguage=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=Krause|first=Natalie Musumeci, Amanda|title=Kendall Jenner sued for $1.8 million by fashion brand that claims she only showed up to 1 photo shoot — not 2, as agreed|url= https://www.insider.com/kendall-jenner-sued-by-italian-fashion-brand-liu-jo-2021-8%7Caccess-date=2021-09-03%7Cwebsite=Insider%7Clanguage=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|last=Goldsztajn|first=Iris|date=2021-08-06|title=Kendall Jenner Is Being Sued for Allegedly Breaking a Modeling Contract|url= https://www.marieclaire.com/celebrity/a37244391/kendall-jenner-sued-breaking-modeling-contract-liu-jo/%7Caccess-date=2021-09-03%7Cwebsite=Marie Claire|language=en-US}}</ref> The suit claimed that Jenner had caused "great expense" for the company by only completing one of two photoshoots for which she had already been paid $1.35 million of the total $1.5 million, in addition to 20% service fees she had been offered.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> The brand claimed that Jenner had completed the photoshoot for the Spring/Summer 2020 campaign but, due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], could not complete the one intended for the Fall/Winter 2020 campaign.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> The company states that they offered to postpone the shoot but Jenner "repeatedly failed to provide [them] with definitive responses to [their] proposals, proposed no reasonable alternatives, and ultimately turned down all of their "good-faith offers of compromise".<ref name=":4" /> The suit claims that Jenner cited health concerns and told the brand she could not travel to Italy for the shoot but then did so for another designer, whilst also travelling for numerous "non-essential trips and hosting large parties with her friends".<ref name=":5" /> Jenner herself did not comment, but a representative for her stated that the suit was meritless and that Jenner had offered the fashion company alternative dates for the second photoshoot and "willingly offered to complete services honouring her commitments".<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> | In August 2021 , Jenner was sued for $1.8 million by Italian fashion company [[Liu·Jo|Liu Jo]] for allegedly breaching her contract.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Kendall Jenner Sued for $1.8M by Designer for Breach of Contract After Allegedly Skipping Shoots|url= https://people.com/style/kendall-jenner-sued-breach-contract-liu-jo/%7Caccess-date=2021-09-03%7Cwebsite=People%7Clanguage=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=Krause|first=Natalie Musumeci, Amanda|title=Kendall Jenner sued for $1.8 million by fashion brand that claims she only showed up to 1 photo shoot — not 2, as agreed|url= https://www.insider.com/kendall-jenner-sued-by-italian-fashion-brand-liu-jo-2021-8%7Caccess-date=2021-09-03%7Cwebsite=Insider%7Clanguage=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|last=Goldsztajn|first=Iris|date=2021-08-06|title=Kendall Jenner Is Being Sued for Allegedly Breaking a Modeling Contract|url= https://www.marieclaire.com/celebrity/a37244391/kendall-jenner-sued-breaking-modeling-contract-liu-jo/%7Caccess-date=2021-09-03%7Cwebsite=Marie Claire|language=en-US}}</ref> The suit claimed that Jenner had caused "great expense" for the company by only completing one of two photoshoots for which she had already been paid $1.35 million of the total $1.5 million, in addition to 20% service fees she had been offered.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> The brand claimed that Jenner had completed the photoshoot for the Spring/Summer 2020 campaign but, due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], could not complete the one intended for the Fall/Winter 2020 campaign.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> The company states that they offered to postpone the shoot but Jenner "repeatedly failed to provide [them] with definitive responses to [their] proposals, proposed no reasonable alternatives, and ultimately turned down all of their "good-faith offers of compromise".<ref name=":4" /> The suit claims that Jenner cited health concerns and told the brand she could not travel to Italy for the shoot but then did so for another designer, whilst also travelling for numerous "non-essential trips and hosting large parties with her friends".<ref name=":5" /> Jenner herself did not comment, but a representative for her stated that the suit was meritless and that Jenner had offered the fashion company alternative dates for the second photoshoot and "willingly offered to complete services honouring her commitments".<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> |
|
| ==Philanthropy== | ==Philanthropy== |
|
| 2023-03-21T15:08:16Z |
Victoria Beckham |
diff |
| | | Line 71: | Line 71: | ===2007–2012: Return of the Spice Girls=== | ===2007–2012: Return of the Spice Girls=== | [[File:Victoria Beckham and the Spice Girls in Las Vegas 2007.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Beckham performing with the Spice Girls in Las Vegas in December 2007]] | [[File:Victoria Beckham and the Spice Girls in Las Vegas 2007.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Beckham performing with the Spice Girls in Las Vegas in December 2007]] | In 2007, the Spice Girls reformed and announced plans to embark upon [[The Return of the Spice Girls|a reunion tour]],<ref name="fifty-five">{{Cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6246448.stm |title=Spice Girls announce reunion tour |work=BBC News |date=13 July 2007 |access-date=14 July 2007 |archive-date=15 July 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070715173821/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6246448.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> from which they were said to have earned £10 million each (approximately $20 million).<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2007/12/16/bmspice216.xml |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071217112326/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=%2Farts%2F2007%2F12%2F16%2Fbmspice216.xml |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 December 2007 |title=A decade on, Spice Girls rock in London gig |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=20 December 2007 |first=Roya |last=Nikkhah |date=16 December 2007 }}</ref> Beckham had previously stated that she and her former Spice colleagues were enjoying their solo careers in various fields, saying "We're all still doing our own thing."<ref>{{cite web|url= http://news.softpedia.com/news/Victoria-Beckham-Confident-In-Spice-Girls-Reunion-5937.shtml%7Ctitle=Victoria Beckham Confident in Spice Girls' Reunion|publisher=[[Softpedia]]|access-date=5 August 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20051115182938/http://news.softpedia.com/news/Victoria-Beckham-Confident-In-Spice-Girls-Reunion-5937.shtml%7Carchive-date=15 November 2005}}</ref> Their [[Greatest Hits (Spice Girls album)|Greatest Hits]] album was released in early November 2007 and the tour began on 2 December 2007. At its advent, Beckham said "I wanted my children to see that Mummy was a pop star. It was the last opportunity for them to stand in a crowd full of people screaming for the Spice Girls."<ref>{{Cite news|url= http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,22885089-23109,00.html |title=Shock! Horror! Posh Spice sleeps naked |work=news.com.au |access-date=22 December 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071208144532/http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,22885089-23109,00.html |archive-date=8 December 2007 }}</ref> When Beckham had her hair coloured brown for the tour, she stated that her sons immediately reacted by saying "Oh my goodness, it's Posh Spice. She's back."<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1501119/story.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=10473694 |title=Victoria Beckham's kids tell her: 'Posh Spice is back!' |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=2 November 2007|access-date=2 December 2007}}</ref> She was the only member of the group not to sing a solo song on the tour, instead posing in the style of a fashion show on a makeshift catwalk, whereas the others each performed a number from their solo careers.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article2991080.ece?token=null&offset=0 |title=Spice Girls wow Canada in first of reunion concerts |work=[[The Times]] |date=3 December 2007 |access-date=31 December 2007 |location=London |first1=Veronica |last1=Schmidt |archive-date=15 June 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110615153748/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article2991080.ece?token=null&offset=0 |url-status=live }}</ref> | In 2007, the Spice Girls reformed and announced plans to embark upon [[The Return of the Spice Girls|a reunion tour]],<ref name="fifty-five">{{Cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6246448.stm |title=Spice Girls announce reunion tour |work=BBC News |date=13 July 2007 |access-date=14 July 2007 |archive-date=15 July 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070715173821/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6246448.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> from which they were said to have earned £10 million each (approximately $20 million).<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2007/12/16/bmspice216.xml |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071217112326/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=%2Farts%2F2007%2F12%2F16%2Fbmspice216.xml |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 December 2007 |title=A decade on, Spice Girls rock in London gig |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=20 December 2007 |first=Roya |last=Nikkhah |date=16 December 2007 }}</ref> Beckham had previously stated that she and her former Spice colleagues were enjoying their solo careers in various fields, saying "We're all still doing our own thing."<ref>{{cite web|url= http://news.softpedia.com/news/Victoria-Beckham-Confident-In-Spice-Girls-Reunion-5937.shtml%7Ctitle=Victoria Beckham Confident in Spice Girls' Reunion|publisher=[[Softpedia]]|access-date=5 August 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20051115182938/http://news.softpedia.com/news/Victoria-Beckham-Confident-In-Spice-Girls-Reunion-5937.shtml%7Carchive-date=15 November 2005}}</ref> Their [[Greatest Hits (Spice Girls album)|Greatest Hits]] album was released in early -November 2007 and the tour began on 2 December 2007. At its advent, Beckham said "I wanted my children to see that Mummy was a pop star. It was the last opportunity for them to stand in a crowd full of people screaming for the Spice Girls."<ref>{{Cite news|url= http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,22885089-23109,00.html |title=Shock! Horror! Posh Spice sleeps naked |work=news.com.au |access-date=22 December 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071208144532/http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,22885089-23109,00.html |archive-date=8 December 2007 }}</ref> When Beckham had her hair coloured brown for the tour, she stated that her sons immediately reacted by saying "Oh my goodness, it's Posh Spice. She's back."<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1501119/story.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=10473694 |title=Victoria Beckham's kids tell her: 'Posh Spice is back!' |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=2 November 2007|access-date=2 December 2007}}</ref> She was the only member of the group not to sing a solo song on the tour, instead posing in the style of a fashion show on a makeshift catwalk, whereas the others each performed a number from their solo careers.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article2991080.ece?token=null&offset=0 |title=Spice Girls wow Canada in first of reunion concerts |work=[[The Times]] |date=3 December 2007 |access-date=31 December 2007 |location=London |first1=Veronica |last1=Schmidt |archive-date=15 June 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110615153748/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article2991080.ece?token=null&offset=0 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
|
| | |
|
| | | | Line 115: | Line 115: | [[File:DVB-Jeansvorstellung 007.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Beckham in Düsseldorf promoting her new jeans in October 2008]] | [[File:DVB-Jeansvorstellung 007.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Beckham in Düsseldorf promoting her new jeans in October 2008]] | | | The second, Being Victoria Beckham, was broadcast in March 2002 and saw Beckham discussing her career as a solo artist with the release of her first album, and also showed her at various photo shoots and recording sessions. The documentary attracted a strong audience of 8.83 million,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/weekreports.cfm?report=weeklyterrestrial&RequestTimeout=500 |title=Weekly Viewing Summary. Scroll to w.e 10/03/02 |work=[[BARB]] |access-date=28 December 2007 |archive-date=12 July 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080712091241/http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/weekreports.cfm?report=weeklyterrestrial&RequestTimeout=500 |url-status=dead }}</ref> coming top in its timeslot.<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/mar/05/overnights |title=Beckham brings 8m to ITV1 |work=The Guardian |date=5 March 2002 |access-date=20 December 2007 |location=London |first=Jessica |last=Hodgson |archive-date=19 December 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131219185649/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/mar/05/overnights |url-status=live }}</ref> One critic described her as "so clearly level-headed, happy with her not inconsiderable lot and seemingly unfazed by the madly intrusive nature of her monumentally ridiculous fame".<ref name="laydeez">{{Cite news |url= http://observer.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,,664821,00.html |title=Nights with the laydeez |work=The Guardian |date=10 March 2002 |access-date=20 December 2007 |location=London |first=Kathryn |last=Flett |archive-date=28 December 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071228222312/http://observer.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,,664821,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The third, The Real Beckhams, aired on 24 December 2003 on ITV1 and focused on the Beckhams' move to Madrid from London after David Beckham was signed to [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]]. In those years she suffered a jealousy attack and had a fight in a gym with [[Ana Obregón]] because her husband David and Ana had been sending phone messages. It also featured Victoria Beckham re-launching her solo career and showed her mocking the tabloid stories she reads in the paper every day. The special received an audience of 6.10 million viewers<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/weekreports.cfm?report=weeklyterrestrial&RequestTimeout=500 |title=Weekly Viewing Summary. Scroll to w.e 28/12/03 |work=BARB |access-date=24 December 2007 |archive-date=12 July 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080712091241/http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/weekreports.cfm?report=weeklyterrestrial&RequestTimeout=500 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and was later released on DVD on 2 February 2004.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B0001E5SJS |title=The Real Beckhams |publisher=Amazon |access-date=20 December 2007 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210308171825/https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B0001E5SJS |url-status=live }}</ref> | The second, Being Victoria Beckham, was broadcast in March 2002 and saw Beckham discussing her career as a solo artist with the release of her first album, and also showed her at various photo shoots and recording sessions. The documentary attracted a strong audience of 8.83 million,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/weekreports.cfm?report=weeklyterrestrial&RequestTimeout=500 |title=Weekly Viewing Summary. Scroll to w.e 10/03/02 |work=[[BARB]] |access-date=28 December 2007 |archive-date=12 July 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080712091241/http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/weekreports.cfm?report=weeklyterrestrial&RequestTimeout=500 |url-status=dead }}</ref> coming top in its timeslot.<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/mar/05/overnights |title=Beckham brings 8m to ITV1 |work=The Guardian |date=5 March 2002 |access-date=20 December 2007 |location=London |first=Jessica |last=Hodgson |archive-date=19 December 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131219185649/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/mar/05/overnights |url-status=live }}</ref> One critic described her as "so clearly level-headed, happy with her not inconsiderable lot and seemingly unfazed by the madly intrusive nature of her monumentally ridiculous fame".<ref name="laydeez">{{Cite news |url= http://observer.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,,664821,00.html |title=Nights with the laydeez |work=The Guardian |date=10 March 2002 |access-date=20 December 2007 |location=London |first=Kathryn |last=Flett |archive-date=28 December 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071228222312/http://observer.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,,664821,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The third, The Real Beckhams, aired on 24 December 2003 on ITV1 and focused on the Beckhams' move to Madrid from London after David Beckham was signed to [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]]. In those years , she suffered a jealousy attack and had a fight in a gym with [[Ana Obregón]] because her husband David and Ana had been sending phone messages. It also featured Victoria Beckham re-launching her solo career and showed her mocking the tabloid stories she reads in the paper every day. The special received an audience of 6.10 million viewers<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/weekreports.cfm?report=weeklyterrestrial&RequestTimeout=500 |title=Weekly Viewing Summary. Scroll to w.e 28/12/03 |work=BARB |access-date=24 December 2007 |archive-date=12 July 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080712091241/http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/weekreports.cfm?report=weeklyterrestrial&RequestTimeout=500 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and was later released on DVD on 2 February 2004.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B0001E5SJS |title=The Real Beckhams |publisher=Amazon |access-date=20 December 2007 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210308171825/https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B0001E5SJS |url-status=live }}</ref> |
|
| The fourth was titled Full Length & Fabulous: The Beckhams' 2006 World Cup Party, and followed Victoria and David Beckham organising and making preparations to host a [[2006 World Cup]] Party at a marquee in the grounds of their mansion in [[Hertfordshire]], which aimed to raise money for their charity.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/5003020.stm |title=Beckhams 'may stay on in Spain' |work=BBC News |date=22 May 2006 |access-date=20 December 2007 |archive-date=4 January 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070104100235/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/5003020.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> Two tickets to attend the ball were auctioned on-line for charity, and sold for £103,000.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/5003350.stm |title=Beckham tickets for secret bidder |work=BBC News |date=22 May 2006 |access-date=20 December 2007 |archive-date=30 June 2006 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060630171740/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/5003350.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> The documentary aired on 28 May 2006 and showed the event itself, where the menu was designed especially by friend and chef [[Gordon Ramsay]] and the charity auction was hosted by [[Graham Norton]].<ref name="swell">{{Cite news |url= http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,4382-2206432,00.html |title=What a swell party |work=The Times |date=3 June 2006 |access-date=20 December 2007 |location=London |first=Gordon |last=Ramsay |archive-date=1 October 2006 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061001014732/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,4382-2206432,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Ramsay catered for 600 guests, with the aid of 40 chefs and 100 waiting staff.<ref name="swell"/> The ITV documentary attracted an average of 7.56 million viewers.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/weekreports.cfm?report=weeklyterrestrial&RequestTimeout=500 |title=Weekly Viewing Summary. Scroll to w.e 28/05/06 |work=BARB |access-date=24 December 2007 |archive-date=12 July 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080712091241/http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/weekreports.cfm?report=weeklyterrestrial&RequestTimeout=500 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | The fourth was titled Full Length & Fabulous: The Beckhams' 2006 World Cup Party, and followed Victoria and David Beckham organising and making preparations to host a [[2006 World Cup]] Party at a marquee in the grounds of their mansion in [[Hertfordshire]], which aimed to raise money for their charity.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/5003020.stm |title=Beckhams 'may stay on in Spain' |work=BBC News |date=22 May 2006 |access-date=20 December 2007 |archive-date=4 January 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070104100235/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/5003020.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> Two tickets to attend the ball were auctioned on-line for charity, and sold for £103,000.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/5003350.stm |title=Beckham tickets for secret bidder |work=BBC News |date=22 May 2006 |access-date=20 December 2007 |archive-date=30 June 2006 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060630171740/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/5003350.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> The documentary aired on 28 May 2006 and showed the event itself, where the menu was designed , especially by friend and chef [[Gordon Ramsay]] , and the charity auction was hosted by [[Graham Norton]].<ref name="swell">{{Cite news |url= http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,4382-2206432,00.html |title=What a swell party |work=The Times |date=3 June 2006 |access-date=20 December 2007 |location=London |first=Gordon |last=Ramsay |archive-date=1 October 2006 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061001014732/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,4382-2206432,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Ramsay catered for 600 guests, with the aid of 40 chefs and 100 waiting staff.<ref name="swell"/> The ITV documentary attracted an average of 7.56 million viewers.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/weekreports.cfm?report=weeklyterrestrial&RequestTimeout=500 |title=Weekly Viewing Summary. Scroll to w.e 28/05/06 |work=BARB |access-date=24 December 2007 |archive-date=12 July 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080712091241/http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/weekreports.cfm?report=weeklyterrestrial&RequestTimeout=500 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
|
| | | | Line 130: | Line 130: | | |
|
| Beckham's second book, a fashion advice guide titled That Extra Half an Inch: Hair, Heels and Everything in Between, was published on 27 October 2006.<ref name="between">{{cite book|title=That Extra Half an Inch: Hair, Heels and Everything In Between |id= {{ASIN|0718149912|country=uk}} }}</ref> That Extra Half an Inch: Hair, Heels and Everything in Between includes tips from Beckham on fashion, style and beauty,<ref name="between"/> and also contains photography by [[Mario Testino]], [[Annie Leibovitz]] and [[Steven Meisel]]. The book became another best-seller,<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article663442.ece |title=The Sunday Times Bestsellers |work=[[The Sunday Times]] |date=17 December 2006 |access-date=29 December 2007 |location=London |first=Sadie |last=Gray |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220327170023/https://www.the-tls.co.uk/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and has sold 400,000 copies in Britain alone since it was published in hardcover.<ref name="chinease">{{Cite news |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyleMolt/idUSN0442228520070904 |title=Chinese get new fashion guru: Victoria Beckham |work=[[Reuters]] |date=4 September 2007 |access-date=1 January 2008 |archive-date=3 March 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080303205438/http://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyleMolt/idUSN0442228520070904 |url-status=live }}</ref> The rights have since been sold to the United States, the Netherlands, Japan, Portugal, [[Lithuania]], Russia, and most recently China.<ref name="chinease"/> | Beckham's second book, a fashion advice guide titled That Extra Half an Inch: Hair, Heels and Everything in Between, was published on 27 October 2006.<ref name="between">{{cite book|title=That Extra Half an Inch: Hair, Heels and Everything In Between |id= {{ASIN|0718149912|country=uk}} }}</ref> That Extra Half an Inch: Hair, Heels and Everything in Between includes tips from Beckham on fashion, style and beauty,<ref name="between"/> and also contains photography by [[Mario Testino]], [[Annie Leibovitz]] and [[Steven Meisel]]. The book became another best-seller,<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article663442.ece |title=The Sunday Times Bestsellers |work=[[The Sunday Times]] |date=17 December 2006 |access-date=29 December 2007 |location=London |first=Sadie |last=Gray |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220327170023/https://www.the-tls.co.uk/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and has sold 400,000 copies in Britain alone since it was published in hardcover.<ref name="chinease">{{Cite news |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyleMolt/idUSN0442228520070904 |title=Chinese get new fashion guru: Victoria Beckham |work=[[Reuters]] |date=4 September 2007 |access-date=1 January 2008 |archive-date=3 March 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080303205438/http://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyleMolt/idUSN0442228520070904 |url-status=live }}</ref> The rights have since been sold to the United States, the Netherlands, Japan, Portugal, [[Lithuania]], Russia, and ,most recently , China.<ref name="chinease"/> |
|
| ==Power and influence== | ==Power and influence== | | Line 146: | Line 146: | | |
|
| | |
|
| | |
|
| ===Marriage=== | ===Marriage=== | On 4 July 1999 Victoria and David were married by the Bishop of Cork, [[Paul Colton]], at [[Luttrellstown Castle]], Ireland.<ref name=weddedspice>{{cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1999/07/99/the_posh_wedding/385866.stm |title=Wedded spice |date=5 July 1999 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=26 November 2011 |archive-date=7 September 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170907003627/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1999/07/99/the_posh_wedding/385866.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> The wedding attracted much media coverage.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1999/07/99/the_posh_wedding/383151.stm |title=David and Victoria tie the knot |work=BBC News |date=5 July 1999 |access-date=19 December 2007 |archive-date=3 March 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080303110445/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1999/07/99/the_posh_wedding/383151.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> Beckham's teammate, [[Gary Neville]], was the best man,<ref name="mend"/> and the couple's four-month-old son Brooklyn was the ring bearer.<ref>{{Cite news|url= http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,243091,00.html |title=Beckhams Coming to America |work=Fox News |date=11 January 2007|access-date=19 December 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071117081728/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,243091,00.html <!--Added by H3llBot--> |archive-date=17 November 2007}}</ref> Most of the media were kept away from the ceremony as an exclusive deal with [[OK!]] magazine had been arranged, but photographs were released showing the Beckhams sitting on golden thrones.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1999/07/99/the_posh_wedding/387126.stm |title=Sun pips OK! to Posh wedding photos |work=BBC News |date=6 July 1999 |access-date=25 May 2006 |archive-date=6 July 2006 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060706182022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1999/07/99/the_posh_wedding/387126.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> Victoria wore a diamond [[coronet]] created for her by [[jewellery designer]] [[Slim Barrett]]. A total of 437 staff were employed for the wedding reception, which was estimated to have cost £500,000 (US$823,650).<ref name=weddedspice/> | On 4 July 1999 , Victoria and David were married by the Bishop of Cork, [[Paul Colton]], at [[Luttrellstown Castle]], Ireland.<ref name=weddedspice>{{cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1999/07/99/the_posh_wedding/385866.stm |title=Wedded spice |date=5 July 1999 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=26 November 2011 |archive-date=7 September 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170907003627/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1999/07/99/the_posh_wedding/385866.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> The wedding attracted much media coverage.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1999/07/99/the_posh_wedding/383151.stm |title=David and Victoria tie the knot |work=BBC News |date=5 July 1999 |access-date=19 December 2007 |archive-date=3 March 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080303110445/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1999/07/99/the_posh_wedding/383151.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> Beckham's teammate, [[Gary Neville]], was the best man,<ref name="mend"/> and the couple's four-month-old son Brooklyn was the ring bearer.<ref>{{Cite news|url= http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,243091,00.html |title=Beckhams Coming to America |work=Fox News |date=11 January 2007|access-date=19 December 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071117081728/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,243091,00.html <!--Added by H3llBot--> |archive-date=17 November 2007}}</ref> Most of the media were kept away from the ceremony as an exclusive deal with [[OK!]] magazine had been arranged, but photographs were released showing the Beckhams sitting on golden thrones.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1999/07/99/the_posh_wedding/387126.stm |title=Sun pips OK! to Posh wedding photos |work=BBC News |date=6 July 1999 |access-date=25 May 2006 |archive-date=6 July 2006 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060706182022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1999/07/99/the_posh_wedding/387126.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> Victoria wore a diamond [[coronet]] created for her by [[jewellery designer]] [[Slim Barrett]]. A total of 437 staff were employed for the wedding reception, which was estimated to have cost £500,000 (US$823,650).<ref name=weddedspice/> |
|
| | |
|
| 2023-03-21T14:58:18Z |
Romeo Beckham |
diff |
| | | Line 31: | Line 31: |
|
| ==Early and personal life== | ==Early and personal life== | | |
|
| | |
|
| ==Club career== | ==Club career== | | |
|
| | |
|
| ==Career statistics== | ==Career statistics== |
|
| 2023-03-21T14:42:13Z |
Brooklyn Beckham |
diff |
| | | Line 21: | Line 21: |
|
| ==Early life== | ==Early life== | | |
|
| | | | Line 42: | Line 42: |
|
| ==Personal life== | ==Personal life== | Beckham previously dated American actress [[Chloë Grace Moretz]], French-Tunisian model-singer [[Sonia Ben Ammar]], Canadian model Lexi Wood, singer [[Madison Beer]], dancer Lexi Panterra, [[Lottie Moss]] (sister of model Kate Moss), model Phoebe Torrance, singer [[Rita Ora]], and English model Hana Cross.<ref>{{cite web |first=Karen |last=Mizoguchi |url= https://people.com/celebrity/chloe-grace-moretz-confirms-shes-dating-brooklyn-beckham/%7Ctitle=Chloë Grace Moretz Confirms She's Dating Brooklyn Beckham: 'Yes, We're in a Relationship'|website=People |orig-year=9 May 2016 |date=8 December 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/everything-you-need-to-know-about-brooklyn-beckhams-girlfriend-s/%7Ctitle=Everything you need to know about Brooklyn Beckham's 'girlfriend' Sonia Ben Ammar |first1=Emma |last1=Spedding |first2=Bibby|last2=Sowray |date=14 March 2016|newspaper=Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Malley|first=Katie|date=11 April 2018 |title=Brooklyn Beckham Responds To Chloë Moretz's Claims He Cheated On Her |url= https://www.elle.com/uk/life-and-culture/culture/a19715557/brooklyn-beckham-kissing-playboy-model-lexi-wood/%7Caccess-date=24 July 2020 |website=ELLE }}</ref> He attended the [[2016 Democratic National Convention]] with Moretz in support of [[Hillary Clinton]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/news/a38186/chloe-grace-moretz-brooklyn-beckham-dnc/%7Ctitle=Chloë Grace Moretz Had Best Date Ever at the Democratic National Convention|first=Kristina|last=Rodulfo|date=29 July 2016|website=ELLE}}</ref> After breaking up and reconciling several times, Moretz confirmed that she and Beckham had broken up for good in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gordon|first=Naomi|date=2018-08-13|title=Chloë Grace Moretz Breaks Silence On Brooklyn Beckham Split And PDA Photos|url= https://www.elle.com/uk/life-and-culture/culture/a22710727/chloe-grace-moretz-breaks-silence-brooklyn-beckham-split/%7Caccess-date=2020-07-24%7Cwebsite=ELLE}}</ref> | Beckham previously dated American actress [[Chloë Grace Moretz]], French-Tunisian model-singer , [[Sonia Ben Ammar]], Canadian model Lexi Wood, singer [[Madison Beer]], dancer Lexi Panterra, [[Lottie Moss]] (sister of model Kate Moss), model Phoebe Torrance, singer [[Rita Ora]], and English model Hana Cross.<ref>{{cite web |first=Karen |last=Mizoguchi |url= https://people.com/celebrity/chloe-grace-moretz-confirms-shes-dating-brooklyn-beckham/%7Ctitle=Chloë Grace Moretz Confirms She's Dating Brooklyn Beckham: 'Yes, We're in a Relationship'|website=People |orig-year=9 May 2016 |date=8 December 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/everything-you-need-to-know-about-brooklyn-beckhams-girlfriend-s/%7Ctitle=Everything you need to know about Brooklyn Beckham's 'girlfriend' Sonia Ben Ammar |first1=Emma |last1=Spedding |first2=Bibby|last2=Sowray |date=14 March 2016|newspaper=Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Malley|first=Katie|date=11 April 2018 |title=Brooklyn Beckham Responds To Chloë Moretz's Claims He Cheated On Her |url= https://www.elle.com/uk/life-and-culture/culture/a19715557/brooklyn-beckham-kissing-playboy-model-lexi-wood/%7Caccess-date=24 July 2020 |website=ELLE }}</ref> He attended the [[2016 Democratic National Convention]] with Moretz in support of [[Hillary Clinton]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/news/a38186/chloe-grace-moretz-brooklyn-beckham-dnc/%7Ctitle=Chloë Grace Moretz Had Best Date Ever at the Democratic National Convention|first=Kristina|last=Rodulfo|date=29 July 2016|website=ELLE}}</ref> After breaking up and reconciling several times, Moretz confirmed that she and Beckham had broken up for good in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gordon|first=Naomi|date=2018-08-13|title=Chloë Grace Moretz Breaks Silence On Brooklyn Beckham Split And PDA Photos|url= https://www.elle.com/uk/life-and-culture/culture/a22710727/chloe-grace-moretz-breaks-silence-brooklyn-beckham-split/%7Caccess-date=2020-07-24%7Cwebsite=ELLE}}</ref> |
|
| After confirming their relationship on Instagram in January 2020, Beckham announced his engagement to American actress [[Nicola Peltz]] on 11 July 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sinha|first=Charu|date=2020-07-12|title=Brooklyn Beckham Engaged to Nicola Peltz|url= https://www.vulture.com/2020/07/brooklyn-beckham-engaged-to-nicola-peltz.html%7Caccess-date=2020-07-12%7Cwebsite=Vulture}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a33282559/brooklyn-beckham-nicola-peltz-engaged-instagram/%7Ctitle= Brooklyn Beckham Confirms His Engagement to Actress Nicola Peltz|work=Harper's Bazaar|last=Mackelden|first=Amy|publisher=Hearst Magazine Media Inc.|date=11 July 2020|access-date=11 July 2020}}</ref> The couple were married on 9 April 2022 in [[Palm Beach, Florida]] in a [[Jewish wedding|Jewish ceremony]] (his great-grandfather was Jewish and Peltz's father is Jewish).<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2022/apr/09/celebrity-blue-bloods-everything-we-know-about-brooklyn-and-nicolas-wedding%7Ctitle=Celebrity blue-bloods: everything we know about Brooklyn and Nicola's wedding|first=Fleur|last=Britten|date=9 April 2022|work=[[the Guardian]]|accessdate=9 April 2022|quote=the couple revealed that it will be a Jewish wedding – Brooklyn’s great-grandfather and Nicola’s father are both Jewish}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.timesofisrael.com/brooklyn-beckham-nicola-peltz-marry-in-jewish-wedding/ |title=Brooklyn Beckham, Nicola Peltz marry in Jewish wedding |newspaper=[[Times of Israel]] |date=10 April 2022 |access-date=10 April 2022|quote=Both Beckham and Peltz have Jewish heritage through their fathers....although Nelson’s wife, former model Claudia Heffner, never converted to Judaism, he is a “devout Jew.” }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Shukert |first=Rachel |title=David Beckham: I Consider Myself To Be Jewish |website=[[Tablet Magazine]] |date=17 April 2012 |url= http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/205883/david-beckham-i-consider-myself-to-be-jewish |access-date=7 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Dominic |last=Fifield |title=Beckham launches into the Galaxy |url= http://football.guardian.co.uk/News_Story/0,,2126173,00.html |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=14 July 2007 |access-date=14 July 2007 }}</ref><ref> Jewish funeral for Beckham's grandfather, By Jessica Elgot, 10 December 2009</ref> | After confirming their relationship on Instagram in January 2020, Beckham announced his engagement to American actress [[Nicola Peltz]] on 11 July 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sinha|first=Charu|date=2020-07-12|title=Brooklyn Beckham Engaged to Nicola Peltz|url= https://www.vulture.com/2020/07/brooklyn-beckham-engaged-to-nicola-peltz.html%7Caccess-date=2020-07-12%7Cwebsite=Vulture}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a33282559/brooklyn-beckham-nicola-peltz-engaged-instagram/%7Ctitle= Brooklyn Beckham Confirms His Engagement to Actress Nicola Peltz|work=Harper's Bazaar|last=Mackelden|first=Amy|publisher=Hearst Magazine Media Inc.|date=11 July 2020|access-date=11 July 2020}}</ref> The couple were married on 9 April 2022 in [[Palm Beach, Florida]] in a [[Jewish wedding|Jewish ceremony]] (his great-grandfather was Jewish and Peltz's father is Jewish).<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2022/apr/09/celebrity-blue-bloods-everything-we-know-about-brooklyn-and-nicolas-wedding%7Ctitle=Celebrity blue-bloods: everything we know about Brooklyn and Nicola's wedding|first=Fleur|last=Britten|date=9 April 2022|work=[[the Guardian]]|accessdate=9 April 2022|quote=the couple revealed that it will be a Jewish wedding – Brooklyn’s great-grandfather and Nicola’s father are both Jewish}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.timesofisrael.com/brooklyn-beckham-nicola-peltz-marry-in-jewish-wedding/ |title=Brooklyn Beckham, Nicola Peltz marry in Jewish wedding |newspaper=[[Times of Israel]] |date=10 April 2022 |access-date=10 April 2022|quote=Both Beckham and Peltz have Jewish heritage through their fathers....although Nelson’s wife, former model Claudia Heffner, never converted to Judaism, he is a “devout Jew.” }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Shukert |first=Rachel |title=David Beckham: I Consider Myself To Be Jewish |website=[[Tablet Magazine]] |date=17 April 2012 |url= http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/205883/david-beckham-i-consider-myself-to-be-jewish |access-date=7 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Dominic |last=Fifield |title=Beckham launches into the Galaxy |url= http://football.guardian.co.uk/News_Story/0,,2126173,00.html |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=14 July 2007 |access-date=14 July 2007 }}</ref><ref> Jewish funeral for Beckham's grandfather, By Jessica Elgot, 10 December 2009</ref> |
|
| 2023-03-21T14:35:28Z |
L'Oréal |
diff |
| | | Line 229: | Line 229: | ====Sustainable development==== | ====Sustainable development==== | In 2009, L'Oréal declared their intention to cut [[greenhouse gas emissions]], water consumption, and waste by 50% over the period 2005-2015<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.environmentalleader.com/2009/04/23/loreal-to-reduce-ghg-emissions-water-consumption-and-waste-by-50/%7Ctitle= L'Oreal to Reduce GHG Emissions, Water Consumption and Waste by 50%|work= Environmental Leader|date= 23 April 2009|access-date=11 September 2013}}</ref> – a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions that is to be in part achieved by the use of solar panels, biogas and electricity and hot water produced from the combustion of methane gas recovered from agricultural waste.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://uk.fashionmag.com/news/L-Oreal-wants-to-cut-its-CO2-emissions-in-half-by-2015,60830.html#.UimqX9K8Bag%7Ctitle= L'Oréal wants to cut its CO2 emissions in half by 2015|website= Fashionmag.com|date=21 April 2009|access-date=11 September 2013}}</ref> In 2012, the company declared a 37.1% reduction in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, a 24% reduction in water consumption and a 22% deduction in transportable waste, and was named a sector leader by [[Climate Counts]] for its practices and achievements in the management of carbon emissions.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/34964-L-Or-al-Recognized-by-Climate-Counts-as-Sector-Leader-for-Managing-Reporting-and-Reducing-its-Carbon-Emissions%7C title= L'Oréal Recognized by Climate Counts as Sector Leader for Managing, Reporting and Reducing its Carbon Emissions |work= CSR Wire|date= 5 December 2012|access-date=11 September 2013}}</ref> | In 2009, L'Oréal declared their intention to cut [[greenhouse gas emissions]], water consumption, and waste by 50% over the period 2005-2015<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.environmentalleader.com/2009/04/23/loreal-to-reduce-ghg-emissions-water-consumption-and-waste-by-50/%7Ctitle= L'Oreal to Reduce GHG Emissions, Water Consumption and Waste by 50%|work= Environmental Leader|date= 23 April 2009|access-date=11 September 2013}}</ref> – a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions that is to be in part achieved by the use of solar panels, biogas and electricity and hot water produced from the combustion of methane gas recovered from agricultural waste.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://uk.fashionmag.com/news/L-Oreal-wants-to-cut-its-CO2-emissions-in-half-by-2015,60830.html#.UimqX9K8Bag%7Ctitle= L'Oréal wants to cut its CO2 emissions in half by 2015|website= Fashionmag.com|date=21 April 2009|access-date=11 September 2013}}</ref> In 2012, the company declared a 37.1% reduction in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, a 24% reduction in water consumption and a 22% deduction in transportable waste, and was named a sector leader by [[Climate Counts]] for its practices and achievements in the management of carbon emissions.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/34964-L-Or-al-Recognized-by-Climate-Counts-as-Sector-Leader-for-Managing-Reporting-and-Reducing-its-Carbon-Emissions%7C title= L'Oréal Recognized by Climate Counts as Sector Leader for Managing, Reporting and Reducing its Carbon Emissions |work= CSR Wire|date= 5 December 2012|access-date=11 September 2013}}</ref> | | |
|
| ====Position on animal testing==== | ====Position on animal testing==== |
|
| 2023-03-21T14:12:43Z |
Netflix |
diff |
| | | Line 199: | Line 199: | In April 2018, Netflix pulled out of the [[Cannes Film Festival]], in response to new rules requiring competition films to have been released in French theaters. The Cannes premiere of [[Okja]] in 2017 was controversial, and led to discussions over the appropriateness of films with simultaneous digital releases being screened at an event showcasing theatrical film; audience members also booed the Netflix [[production logo]] at the screening. Netflix's attempts to negotiate to allow a limited release in France were curtailed by organizers, as well as French [[cultural exception]] law—where theatrically screened films are legally forbidden from being made available via video-on-demand services until at least 36 months after their release.<ref name="Statt">{{Cite news |last=Statt |first=Nick |date=April 11, 2018 |title=Netflix pulls out of Cannes Film Festival following competition ban |website=[[The Verge]] |url= https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/11/17225898/netflix-cannes-film-festival-competition-ban-streaming-services}}</ref><ref name="Tiffany">{{Cite news |last=Tiffany |first=Kaitlyn |date=May 19, 2017 |title=Netflix booed at Okja's Cannes premiere |website=[[The Verge]] |url= https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/19/15662542/netflix-cannes-film-festival-booed-okja-premiere}}</ref><ref name="theverge.com">{{Cite news |last=Tiffany |first=Kaitlyn |date=May 10, 2017 |title=Netflix's first two films at Cannes could be its last |website=[[The Verge]] |url= https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/10/15608978/netflix-cannes-film-festival-new-rule-theater-release-france}}</ref> Besides traditional Hollywood markets as well as from partners like the [[BBC]], Sarandos said the company also looking to expand investments in non-traditional foreign markets due to the growth of viewers outside of North America. At the time, this included programs such as [[Dark (TV series)|Dark]] from Germany, [[Ingobernable]] from Mexico and [[3%]] from Brazil.<ref>{{Cite news | url= https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/netflix-original-spending-85-percent-1202809623/ | title=Netflix Content Chief Says 85% of New Spending Is on Originals | last=Spangler | first=Todd | website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | date=May 14, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.vulture.com/2018/06/how-netflix-swallowed-tv-industry.html | title=Inside the Binge Factory | first=Josef | last=Adalian | date=June 11, 2018 | work=[[Vulture (magazine)|Vulture]] }}</ref><ref name="vulture squid game">{{cite web | url= https://www.vulture.com/article/planet-squid-game-netflix-biggest-show.html | title=Planet Squid Game | first=Josef | last=Adalain | date=September 30, 2021 | archive-date=October 3, 2021 | work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]] | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211003193656/https://www.vulture.com/article/planet-squid-game-netflix-biggest-show.html | url-status=live }}</ref> | In April 2018, Netflix pulled out of the [[Cannes Film Festival]], in response to new rules requiring competition films to have been released in French theaters. The Cannes premiere of [[Okja]] in 2017 was controversial, and led to discussions over the appropriateness of films with simultaneous digital releases being screened at an event showcasing theatrical film; audience members also booed the Netflix [[production logo]] at the screening. Netflix's attempts to negotiate to allow a limited release in France were curtailed by organizers, as well as French [[cultural exception]] law—where theatrically screened films are legally forbidden from being made available via video-on-demand services until at least 36 months after their release.<ref name="Statt">{{Cite news |last=Statt |first=Nick |date=April 11, 2018 |title=Netflix pulls out of Cannes Film Festival following competition ban |website=[[The Verge]] |url= https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/11/17225898/netflix-cannes-film-festival-competition-ban-streaming-services}}</ref><ref name="Tiffany">{{Cite news |last=Tiffany |first=Kaitlyn |date=May 19, 2017 |title=Netflix booed at Okja's Cannes premiere |website=[[The Verge]] |url= https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/19/15662542/netflix-cannes-film-festival-booed-okja-premiere}}</ref><ref name="theverge.com">{{Cite news |last=Tiffany |first=Kaitlyn |date=May 10, 2017 |title=Netflix's first two films at Cannes could be its last |website=[[The Verge]] |url= https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/10/15608978/netflix-cannes-film-festival-new-rule-theater-release-france}}</ref> Besides traditional Hollywood markets as well as from partners like the [[BBC]], Sarandos said the company also looking to expand investments in non-traditional foreign markets due to the growth of viewers outside of North America. At the time, this included programs such as [[Dark (TV series)|Dark]] from Germany, [[Ingobernable]] from Mexico and [[3%]] from Brazil.<ref>{{Cite news | url= https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/netflix-original-spending-85-percent-1202809623/ | title=Netflix Content Chief Says 85% of New Spending Is on Originals | last=Spangler | first=Todd | website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | date=May 14, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.vulture.com/2018/06/how-netflix-swallowed-tv-industry.html | title=Inside the Binge Factory | first=Josef | last=Adalian | date=June 11, 2018 | work=[[Vulture (magazine)|Vulture]] }}</ref><ref name="vulture squid game">{{cite web | url= https://www.vulture.com/article/planet-squid-game-netflix-biggest-show.html | title=Planet Squid Game | first=Josef | last=Adalain | date=September 30, 2021 | archive-date=October 3, 2021 | work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]] | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211003193656/https://www.vulture.com/article/planet-squid-game-netflix-biggest-show.html | url-status=live }}</ref> |
|
| | On May 22, 2018, former [[President of the United States|president]] , [[Barack Obama]] , and his wife , [[Michelle Obama]] , signed a deal to produce docu-series, documentaries and features for Netflix under the Obamas' newly formed production company, [[Higher Ground Productions]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Obamas Sign Deal With Netflix, Form 'Higher Ground Productions' |first=Scott |last=Neuman |url= https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/05/22/613246456/obamas-sign-content-deal-with-netlfix-form-higher-ground-productions | work=[[NPR]] |date=May 22, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=The Obamas Will Produce Movies and Shows for Netflix | url= https://www.vulture.com/2018/05/the-obamas-will-produce-movies-and-shows-for-netflix.html |last=Harris |first=Hunter |website=[[Vulture.com]] |date=May 21, 2018}}</ref> |
|
| In June 2018, Netflix announced a partnership with [[Telltale Games]] to port its [[adventure game]]s to the service in a streaming video format, allowing simple controls through a television remote.<ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.techradar.com/news/netflix-to-add-games-to-its-service-including-stranger-things-and-minecraft | title=Exclusive: Netflix to add games to its service, including Minecraft: Story Mode | first=Nick | last=Pino | work=[[TechRadar]] | date=June 13, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.cnet.com/news/netflix-partners-with-telltale-games-for-interactive-adventures/ | title=No, Netflix isn't going to stream Minecraft video games | first1=Joan | last1=Solsman | first2=Lori | last2=Grunin | work=[[CNET]] | date=June 13, 2018}}</ref> The first game, [[Minecraft: Story Mode]], was released in November 2018.<ref>{{Cite news | url= https://www.ign.com/articles/2018/11/27/telltales-minecraft-story-mode-launches-on-netflix | title=Telltale's Minecraft: Story Mode Launches on Netflix | first=Colin | last=Stevens | work=[[IGN]] | date=November 27, 2018}}</ref> In July 2018, Netflix earned the most Emmy nominations of any network for the first time with 112 nods. On August 27, 2018, the company signed a five-year exclusive overall deal with international best–selling author [[Harlan Coben]].<ref>{{Cite news| url= https://deadline.com/2018/08/harlan-coben-overall-deal-with-netflix-tv-series-movie-adaptations-books-1202452628/ |title=Harlan Coben Inks Overall Deal With Netflix For TV Series & Movie Adaptations Of His Books |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |publisher=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=August 27, 2018}}</ref> On the same day, the company inked an overall deal with [[Gravity Falls]] creator [[Alex Hirsch]].<ref>{{Cite news | url= https://deadline.com/2018/08/gravity-falls-creator-alex-hirsch-netflix-overall-deal-1202453142/ | title='Gravity Falls' Creator Alex Hirsch Inks Overall Deal With Netflix | last=Andreeva | first=Nellie | work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] | date=August 27, 2018}}</ref> In October 2018, Netflix paid under $30 million to acquire [[Albuquerque Studios]] (ABQ Studios), a $91 million film and TV production facility with eight sound stages in [[Albuquerque]], [[New Mexico]], for its first U.S. production hub, pledging to spend over $1 billion over the next decade to create one of the largest film studios in North America.<ref>{{cite web|title=Netflix to expand production hub in New Mexico|url= https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/netflix-expand-production-hub-mexico-74370484%7Caccess-date=August 8, 2021|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url= https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/netflix-albuquerque-studios-deal-terms-30-million-1202981274/ |title=Netflix Is Paying Less Than $30 Million for Albuquerque Studios, Which Cost $91 Million to Build |last=Spangler |first=Todd | work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=October 16, 2018}}</ref> In November 2018, [[Paramount Pictures]] signed a multi-picture film deal with Netflix, making Paramount the first major film studio to sign a deal with Netflix.<ref>{{cite news | title=Paramount and Netflix Set Multi-Picture Film Deal | url= https://www.deadline.com/2018/11/paramount-and-netflix-multi-picture-film-deal-1202503315 |last=Hayes |first=Dade |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=November 16, 2018}}</ref> A sequel to [[AwesomenessTV]]'s [[To All the Boys I've Loved Before (film)|To All the Boys I've Loved Before]] was released on Netflix under the title [[To All the Boys: P.S. I Still Love You]] as part of the agreement.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hagey |first1=Keach |last2=Flint| first2=Joe| title=Viacom Plans 'To All the Boys' Sequel for Netflix in Push to Create More Content for Rivals |url= https://www.wsj.com/articles/mtv-owners-streaming-strategy-if-you-cant-beat-them-feed-them-1540044000 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=October 20, 2018| url-access=subscription}}</ref> In December 2018, the company announced a partnership with [[ESPN Films]] on a [[television documentary]] chronicling Michael Jordan and the [[1997–98 Chicago Bulls season]] titled [[The Last Dance (miniseries)|The Last Dance]]. It was released internationally on Netflix and became available for streaming in the United States three months after a broadcast airing on [[ESPN]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Here's the Thrilling New Trailer for ESPN's Michael Jordan Documentary 'The Last Dance' |url= https://www.complex.com/sports/2018/12/michael-jordan-last-dance-documentary-trailer | first=JOSHUA | last=ESPINOZA | work=[[Complex Networks]] | date=December 25, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Spangler |first=Todd |title=Netflix to Premiere ESPN's 'The Last Dance' for U.S. Subscribers in July |url= https://variety.com/2020/digital/news/netflix-premiere-last-dance-us-1234586940/ | work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 22, 2020}}</ref> | In June 2018, Netflix announced a partnership with [[Telltale Games]] to port its [[adventure game]]s to the service in a streaming video format, allowing simple controls through a television remote.<ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.techradar.com/news/netflix-to-add-games-to-its-service-including-stranger-things-and-minecraft | title=Exclusive: Netflix to add games to its service, including Minecraft: Story Mode | first=Nick | last=Pino | work=[[TechRadar]] | date=June 13, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.cnet.com/news/netflix-partners-with-telltale-games-for-interactive-adventures/ | title=No, Netflix isn't going to stream Minecraft video games | first1=Joan | last1=Solsman | first2=Lori | last2=Grunin | work=[[CNET]] | date=June 13, 2018}}</ref> The first game, [[Minecraft: Story Mode]], was released in November 2018.<ref>{{Cite news | url= https://www.ign.com/articles/2018/11/27/telltales-minecraft-story-mode-launches-on-netflix | title=Telltale's Minecraft: Story Mode Launches on Netflix | first=Colin | last=Stevens | work=[[IGN]] | date=November 27, 2018}}</ref> In July 2018, Netflix earned the most Emmy nominations of any network for the first time with 112 nods. On August 27, 2018, the company signed a five-year exclusive overall deal with international best–selling author [[Harlan Coben]].<ref>{{Cite news| url= https://deadline.com/2018/08/harlan-coben-overall-deal-with-netflix-tv-series-movie-adaptations-books-1202452628/ |title=Harlan Coben Inks Overall Deal With Netflix For TV Series & Movie Adaptations Of His Books |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |publisher=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=August 27, 2018}}</ref> On the same day, the company inked an overall deal with [[Gravity Falls]] creator [[Alex Hirsch]].<ref>{{Cite news | url= https://deadline.com/2018/08/gravity-falls-creator-alex-hirsch-netflix-overall-deal-1202453142/ | title='Gravity Falls' Creator Alex Hirsch Inks Overall Deal With Netflix | last=Andreeva | first=Nellie | work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] | date=August 27, 2018}}</ref> In October 2018, Netflix paid under $30 million to acquire [[Albuquerque Studios]] (ABQ Studios), a $91 million film and TV production facility with eight sound stages in [[Albuquerque]], [[New Mexico]], for its first U.S. production hub, pledging to spend over $1 billion over the next decade to create one of the largest film studios in North America.<ref>{{cite web|title=Netflix to expand production hub in New Mexico|url= https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/netflix-expand-production-hub-mexico-74370484%7Caccess-date=August 8, 2021|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url= https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/netflix-albuquerque-studios-deal-terms-30-million-1202981274/ |title=Netflix Is Paying Less Than $30 Million for Albuquerque Studios, Which Cost $91 Million to Build |last=Spangler |first=Todd | work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=October 16, 2018}}</ref> In November 2018, [[Paramount Pictures]] signed a multi-picture film deal with Netflix, making Paramount the first major film studio to sign a deal with Netflix.<ref>{{cite news | title=Paramount and Netflix Set Multi-Picture Film Deal | url= https://www.deadline.com/2018/11/paramount-and-netflix-multi-picture-film-deal-1202503315 |last=Hayes |first=Dade |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=November 16, 2018}}</ref> A sequel to [[AwesomenessTV]]'s [[To All the Boys I've Loved Before (film)|To All the Boys I've Loved Before]] was released on Netflix under the title [[To All the Boys: P.S. I Still Love You]] as part of the agreement.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hagey |first1=Keach |last2=Flint| first2=Joe| title=Viacom Plans 'To All the Boys' Sequel for Netflix in Push to Create More Content for Rivals |url= https://www.wsj.com/articles/mtv-owners-streaming-strategy-if-you-cant-beat-them-feed-them-1540044000 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=October 20, 2018| url-access=subscription}}</ref> In December 2018, the company announced a partnership with [[ESPN Films]] on a [[television documentary]] chronicling Michael Jordan and the [[1997–98 Chicago Bulls season]] titled [[The Last Dance (miniseries)|The Last Dance]]. It was released internationally on Netflix and became available for streaming in the United States three months after a broadcast airing on [[ESPN]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Here's the Thrilling New Trailer for ESPN's Michael Jordan Documentary 'The Last Dance' |url= https://www.complex.com/sports/2018/12/michael-jordan-last-dance-documentary-trailer | first=JOSHUA | last=ESPINOZA | work=[[Complex Networks]] | date=December 25, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Spangler |first=Todd |title=Netflix to Premiere ESPN's 'The Last Dance' for U.S. Subscribers in July |url= https://variety.com/2020/digital/news/netflix-premiere-last-dance-us-1234586940/ | work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 22, 2020}}</ref> |
|
| In January 2019, [[Sex Education (TV series)|Sex Education]] made its debut as a Netflix original series with much critical acclaim.<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2019/01/netflix-sex-education-review/579487/ |title=The Thoughtful Raunch of Sex Education | work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=January 9, 2019}}</ref> On January 22, 2019, Netflix sought and was approved for membership into the [[Motion Picture Association of America]] (MPAA), as the first streaming service to become a member of the association.<ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/netflix-advanced-talks-join-mpaa-1177926 | title=Netflix Becomes First Streamer to Join the Motion Picture Association of America | first=Pamela | last=McClintock | work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] | date=January 22, 2019 }}</ref> In February 2019, [[The Haunting (TV series)|The Haunting]] creator [[Mike Flanagan (filmmaker)|Mike Flanagan]] joined frequent collaborator Trevor Macy as a partner in [[Intrepid Pictures]] and the duo signed an exclusive overall deal with Netflix to produce television content.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://deadline.com/2019/02/the-haunting-renewed-season-2-mike-flanagan-trevor-macy-partner-intrepid-pictures-netflix-overall-deal-the-haunting-of-hill-house-1202561592/ |title='The Haunting' Renewed For Season 2 as Mike Flanagan & Trevor Macy Partner in Intrepid Pictures & Ink Netflix Overall Deal |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie | work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=February 21, 2019}}</ref> On May 9, 2019, Netflix contracted with [[Dark Horse Entertainment]] to make television series and films based on comics from [[Dark Horse Comics]].<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.thewrap.com/netflix-signs-umbrella-academy-publisher-dark-horse-comics-to-first-look-deal/ |title=Netflix Signs 'Umbrella Academy' Producer Dark Horse Entertainment to First-Look Deal | first=Tim | last=Baysinger |work=[[The Wrap]] | date=May 9, 2019}}</ref> In July 2019, Netflix announced that it would be opening a hub at [[Shepperton Studios]] as part of a deal with [[Pinewood Group]].<ref>{{Cite news | url= https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/jul/03/netflix-strikes-production-deal-with-shepperton-studios |title=Netflix strikes production deal with Shepperton Studios | last=Sweney |first=Mark |work=[[The Guardian]] | date=July 3, 2019 | issn=0261-3077}}</ref> In early August 2019, Netflix negotiated an exclusive multi-year film and television deal with [[Game of Thrones]] creators and showrunners [[David Benioff]] and [[D.B. Weiss]].<ref>{{cite news |title=What Will David Benioff and D.B. Weiss Bring to Netflix For $200 Million? |url= https://www.wmagazine.com/story/david-benioff-db-weiss-netflix-deal |last=Munzenrieder |first=Kyle |work=[[W (magazine)|W]] |date=August 8, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Game of Thrones creators sign $200 million Netflix deal to make exclusive shows and films |url= https://www.theverge.com/2019/8/7/20761099/game-of-thrones-david-benioff-db-weiss-netflix-deal-200-million-disney-stars |last=Statt |first=Nick |work=[[The Verge]] |date=August 7, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://deadline.com/2019/10/star-wars-setback-game-of-thrones-duo-david-benioff-d-b-weiss-exit-trilogy-1202771184/ |title='Star Wars' Setback: 'Game Of Thrones' Duo David Benioff & D.B. Weiss Exit Trilogy |last=Boucher |first=Geoff |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=October 29, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/oct/29/game-of-thrones-creators-benioff-and-weiss-drop-star-wars-movies-for-netflix | title=Game of Thrones creators Benioff and Weiss drop Star Wars movies for Netflix | work=[[The Guardian]] |date=October 29, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Game of Thrones showrunners quit Star Wars trilogy to work on Netflix projects |url= https://www.theverge.com/2019/10/29/20937689/benioff-weiss-star-wars-trilogy-cancelled-netflix |last=Byford |first=Sam |work=[[The Verge]] |date=October 29, 2019}}</ref> The first Netflix production created by Benioff and Weiss was planned as an adaptation of [[Liu Cixin]]'s science fiction novel [[The Three-Body Problem (novel)|The Three-Body Problem]], part of the [[Remembrance of Earth's Past]] trilogy.<ref>{{Cite news | url= https://www.theverge.com/2020/9/1/21410210/netflix-the-three-body-problem-benioff-weiss-adapation | title=Game of Thrones showrunners are adapting The Three-Body Problem as first major Netflix project | first=Nick | last=Statt | work=[[The Verge]] | date=September 1, 2020}}</ref> On September 30, 2019, in addition to renewing Stranger Things for a [[Stranger Things (season 4)|fourth season]], Netflix signed [[The Duffer Brothers]] to an [[overall deal]] covering future film and television projects for the service.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/stranger-things-renewed-season-4-at-netflix-duffer-brothers-ink-rich-netflix-deal-1222143 |title= Stranger Things Renewed for Season 4 as Creators Ink Nine-Figure Netflix Deal |first=Leslie |last=Goldberg |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=September 30, 2019}}</ref> | In January 2019, [[Sex Education (TV series)|Sex Education]] made its debut as a Netflix original series with much critical acclaim.<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2019/01/netflix-sex-education-review/579487/ |title=The Thoughtful Raunch of Sex Education | work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=January 9, 2019}}</ref> On January 22, 2019, Netflix sought and was approved for membership into the [[Motion Picture Association of America]] (MPAA), as the first streaming service to become a member of the association.<ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/netflix-advanced-talks-join-mpaa-1177926 | title=Netflix Becomes First Streamer to Join the Motion Picture Association of America | first=Pamela | last=McClintock | work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] | date=January 22, 2019 }}</ref> In February 2019, [[The Haunting (TV series)|The Haunting]] creator [[Mike Flanagan (filmmaker)|Mike Flanagan]] joined frequent collaborator Trevor Macy as a partner in [[Intrepid Pictures]] and the duo signed an exclusive overall deal with Netflix to produce television content.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://deadline.com/2019/02/the-haunting-renewed-season-2-mike-flanagan-trevor-macy-partner-intrepid-pictures-netflix-overall-deal-the-haunting-of-hill-house-1202561592/ |title='The Haunting' Renewed For Season 2 as Mike Flanagan & Trevor Macy Partner in Intrepid Pictures & Ink Netflix Overall Deal |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie | work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=February 21, 2019}}</ref> On May 9, 2019, Netflix contracted with [[Dark Horse Entertainment]] to make television series and films based on comics from [[Dark Horse Comics]].<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.thewrap.com/netflix-signs-umbrella-academy-publisher-dark-horse-comics-to-first-look-deal/ |title=Netflix Signs 'Umbrella Academy' Producer Dark Horse Entertainment to First-Look Deal | first=Tim | last=Baysinger |work=[[The Wrap]] | date=May 9, 2019}}</ref> In July 2019, Netflix announced that it would be opening a hub at [[Shepperton Studios]] as part of a deal with [[Pinewood Group]].<ref>{{Cite news | url= https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/jul/03/netflix-strikes-production-deal-with-shepperton-studios |title=Netflix strikes production deal with Shepperton Studios | last=Sweney |first=Mark |work=[[The Guardian]] | date=July 3, 2019 | issn=0261-3077}}</ref> In early -August 2019, Netflix negotiated an exclusive multi-year film and television deal with [[Game of Thrones]] creators and showrunners [[David Benioff]] and [[D.B. Weiss]].<ref>{{cite news |title=What Will David Benioff and D.B. Weiss Bring to Netflix For $200 Million? |url= https://www.wmagazine.com/story/david-benioff-db-weiss-netflix-deal |last=Munzenrieder |first=Kyle |work=[[W (magazine)|W]] |date=August 8, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Game of Thrones creators sign $200 million Netflix deal to make exclusive shows and films |url= https://www.theverge.com/2019/8/7/20761099/game-of-thrones-david-benioff-db-weiss-netflix-deal-200-million-disney-stars |last=Statt |first=Nick |work=[[The Verge]] |date=August 7, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://deadline.com/2019/10/star-wars-setback-game-of-thrones-duo-david-benioff-d-b-weiss-exit-trilogy-1202771184/ |title='Star Wars' Setback: 'Game Of Thrones' Duo David Benioff & D.B. Weiss Exit Trilogy |last=Boucher |first=Geoff |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=October 29, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/oct/29/game-of-thrones-creators-benioff-and-weiss-drop-star-wars-movies-for-netflix | title=Game of Thrones creators Benioff and Weiss drop Star Wars movies for Netflix | work=[[The Guardian]] |date=October 29, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Game of Thrones showrunners quit Star Wars trilogy to work on Netflix projects |url= https://www.theverge.com/2019/10/29/20937689/benioff-weiss-star-wars-trilogy-cancelled-netflix |last=Byford |first=Sam |work=[[The Verge]] |date=October 29, 2019}}</ref> The first Netflix production created by Benioff and Weiss was planned as an adaptation of [[Liu Cixin]]'s science fiction novel [[The Three-Body Problem (novel)|The Three-Body Problem]], part of the [[Remembrance of Earth's Past]] trilogy.<ref>{{Cite news | url= https://www.theverge.com/2020/9/1/21410210/netflix-the-three-body-problem-benioff-weiss-adapation | title=Game of Thrones showrunners are adapting The Three-Body Problem as first major Netflix project | first=Nick | last=Statt | work=[[The Verge]] | date=September 1, 2020}}</ref> On September 30, 2019, in addition to renewing Stranger Things for a [[Stranger Things (season 4)|fourth season]], Netflix signed [[The Duffer Brothers]] to an [[overall deal]] covering future film and television projects for the service.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/stranger-things-renewed-season-4-at-netflix-duffer-brothers-ink-rich-netflix-deal-1222143 |title= Stranger Things Renewed for Season 4 as Creators Ink Nine-Figure Netflix Deal |first=Leslie |last=Goldberg |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=September 30, 2019}}</ref> |
|
| On November 13, 2019, Netflix and [[Nickelodeon]] entered into a multi-year agreement to produce several original animated feature films and television series based on Nickelodeon's library of characters. This agreement expanded on their existing relationship, in which new specials based on the past Nickelodeon series [[Invader Zim]] and [[Rocko's Modern Life]] ( [[Invader Zim: Enter the Florpus]] and [[Rocko's Modern Life: Static Cling]] respectively) were released by Netflix. Other new projects planned under the team-up include a music project featuring [[Squidward Tentacles]] from the animated television series [[SpongeBob SquarePants]], and films based on [[The Loud House]] and [[Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]].<ref>{{cite press release |title=Netflix and Nickelodeon form multi-year output deal to produce original animated films and series for kids & families around the world |url= https://media.netflix.com/en/press-releases/netflix-and-nickelodeon-form-multi-year-output-deal-to-produce-original-animated-films-and-series-for-kids-families-around-the-world |publisher=Netflix |date=November 13, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Barnes |first=Brookes |title='SpongeBob' Spinoff Highlights Netflix-Nickelodeon Deal |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/13/business/media/netflix-nickelodeon-spongebob-squarepants.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191113184007/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/13/business/media/netflix-nickelodeon-spongebob-squarepants.html |archive-date=November 13, 2019 |url-status=live |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 13, 2019 | url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Slater |first=Georgina |title=Netflix and Nickelodeon Team Up as Disney+ Lands 10 Million Subscribers One Day After Launch |url= https://people.com/movies/netflix-nickelodeon-team-disney-lands-10-million-subscribers/ |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |date=November 15, 2019}}</ref> The agreement with Disney ended in 2019 due to the launch of [[Disney+]], with its Marvel productions moving exclusively to the service in 2022.<ref name="ditch">{{Cite news |last=Gebhart |first=Andrew |title=Marvel and Star Wars films will ditch Netflix for Disney's own service |work=[[CNET]] |url= https://www.cnet.com/news/marvel-and-star-wars-films-will-ditch-netflix-for-disney/ |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170907190259/https://www.cnet.com/news/marvel-and-star-wars-films-will-ditch-netflix-for-disney/ |archive-date=September 7, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Disney+ConfirmDeadline">{{Cite web |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |date=March 1, 2022 |title=Disney+ Expands Into TV-MA Fare As It Adds Marvel's 'Defenders' Franchise & 'Agents Of S.H.I.E.L.D.' From Netflix |url= https://deadline.com/2022/03/disney-plus-tvma-rating-marvel-the-defenders-franchise-jessica-jones-daredevil-luke-cage-agents-of-shield-netflix-1234962137/ |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220301211328/https://deadline.com/2022/03/disney-plus-tvma-rating-marvel-the-defenders-franchise-jessica-jones-daredevil-luke-cage-agents-of-shield-netflix-1234962137/ |archive-date=March 1, 2022 |access-date=March 1, 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> | On November 13, 2019, Netflix and [[Nickelodeon]] entered into a multi-year agreement to produce several original animated feature films and television series based on Nickelodeon's library of characters. This agreement expanded on their existing relationship, in which new specials based on the past Nickelodeon series [[Invader Zim]] and [[Rocko's Modern Life]] ( [[Invader Zim: Enter the Florpus]] and [[Rocko's Modern Life: Static Cling]] respectively) were released by Netflix. Other new projects planned under the team-up include a music project featuring [[Squidward Tentacles]] from the animated television series [[SpongeBob SquarePants]], and films based on [[The Loud House]] and [[Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]].<ref>{{cite press release |title=Netflix and Nickelodeon form multi-year output deal to produce original animated films and series for kids & families around the world |url= https://media.netflix.com/en/press-releases/netflix-and-nickelodeon-form-multi-year-output-deal-to-produce-original-animated-films-and-series-for-kids-families-around-the-world |publisher=Netflix |date=November 13, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Barnes |first=Brookes |title='SpongeBob' Spinoff Highlights Netflix-Nickelodeon Deal |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/13/business/media/netflix-nickelodeon-spongebob-squarepants.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191113184007/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/13/business/media/netflix-nickelodeon-spongebob-squarepants.html |archive-date=November 13, 2019 |url-status=live |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 13, 2019 | url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Slater |first=Georgina |title=Netflix and Nickelodeon Team Up as Disney+ Lands 10 Million Subscribers One Day After Launch |url= https://people.com/movies/netflix-nickelodeon-team-disney-lands-10-million-subscribers/ |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |date=November 15, 2019}}</ref> The agreement with Disney ended in 2019 due to the launch of [[Disney+]], with its Marvel productions moving exclusively to the service in 2022.<ref name="ditch">{{Cite news |last=Gebhart |first=Andrew |title=Marvel and Star Wars films will ditch Netflix for Disney's own service |work=[[CNET]] |url= https://www.cnet.com/news/marvel-and-star-wars-films-will-ditch-netflix-for-disney/ |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170907190259/https://www.cnet.com/news/marvel-and-star-wars-films-will-ditch-netflix-for-disney/ |archive-date=September 7, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Disney+ConfirmDeadline">{{Cite web |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |date=March 1, 2022 |title=Disney+ Expands Into TV-MA Fare As It Adds Marvel's 'Defenders' Franchise & 'Agents Of S.H.I.E.L.D.' From Netflix |url= https://deadline.com/2022/03/disney-plus-tvma-rating-marvel-the-defenders-franchise-jessica-jones-daredevil-luke-cage-agents-of-shield-netflix-1234962137/ |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220301211328/https://deadline.com/2022/03/disney-plus-tvma-rating-marvel-the-defenders-franchise-jessica-jones-daredevil-luke-cage-agents-of-shield-netflix-1234962137/ |archive-date=March 1, 2022 |access-date=March 1, 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |
|
| | |
|
| [[File:SXSW 2016 - Ted Sarandos (25752599662).jpg|right|thumb|Ted Sarandos, longtime CCO and named co-CEO in 2020]] | [[File:SXSW 2016 - Ted Sarandos (25752599662).jpg|right|thumb|Ted Sarandos, longtime CCO and named co-CEO in 2020]] | | Line 217: | Line 217: | In March 2021, Netflix earned the most Academy Award nominations of any studio, with 36. Netflix won seven Academy Awards, which was the most by any studio. Later that year, Netflix also won more Emmys than any other network or studio with 44 wins, tying the record for most Emmys won in a single year set by CBS in 1974. On April 8, 2021, [[Sony Pictures Entertainment]] announced an agreement for Netflix to hold the U.S. pay television window rights to its releases beginning in 2022, replacing [[Starz]] and expanding upon an existing agreement with [[Sony Pictures Animation]]. The agreement also includes a first-look deal for any future direct-to-streaming films being produced by [[Sony Pictures]], with Netflix required to commit to a minimum number of them.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hayes |first=Dade |title=Netflix And Sony Break Ground With Film Licensing Deal Replacing Starz Pact, Including First Look At New Direct-To-Streaming Titles |url= https://deadline.com/2021/04/netflix-sony-pictures-licensing-deal-streaming-starz-spider-man-1234730124/ | work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=April 8, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first1=Matt| last1=Donnelly |first2=Cynthia |last2=Littleton |title=Sony Pictures Moves Movie Output Deal From Starz to Netflix in Rich Pact|url= https://variety.com/2021/film/news/netflix-sony-pictures-pay-1-starz-output-1234946413/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 8, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Lindahl | first=Chris |title=Netflix Will Become the Post-Theatrical Streaming Home for Sony Pictures| url= https://www.indiewire.com/2021/04/netflix-sony-deal-spider-man-1234628923/ |work=[[IndieWire]] |date=April 8, 2021}}</ref> On April 27, 2021, Netflix announced that it was opening its first Canadian headquarters in [[Toronto]].<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://dailyhive.com/vancouver/netflix-canada-toronto-headquarters | title=Netflix Canada to officially open new headquarters in Toronto | first=Karen | last=Doradea | work=[[Daily Hive]] | date=April 27, 2021}}</ref> The company also announced that it would open an office in Sweden as well as [[Rome]] and [[Istanbul]] to increase its original content in those regions.<ref>{{Cite news | url= https://variety.com/2021/digital/global/netflix-nordic-office-sweden-1234962502/ | title=Netflix Launches Nordic Office in Sweden | first=Elsa | last=Keslassy | work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | date=April 28, 2021}}</ref> | In March 2021, Netflix earned the most Academy Award nominations of any studio, with 36. Netflix won seven Academy Awards, which was the most by any studio. Later that year, Netflix also won more Emmys than any other network or studio with 44 wins, tying the record for most Emmys won in a single year set by CBS in 1974. On April 8, 2021, [[Sony Pictures Entertainment]] announced an agreement for Netflix to hold the U.S. pay television window rights to its releases beginning in 2022, replacing [[Starz]] and expanding upon an existing agreement with [[Sony Pictures Animation]]. The agreement also includes a first-look deal for any future direct-to-streaming films being produced by [[Sony Pictures]], with Netflix required to commit to a minimum number of them.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hayes |first=Dade |title=Netflix And Sony Break Ground With Film Licensing Deal Replacing Starz Pact, Including First Look At New Direct-To-Streaming Titles |url= https://deadline.com/2021/04/netflix-sony-pictures-licensing-deal-streaming-starz-spider-man-1234730124/ | work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=April 8, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first1=Matt| last1=Donnelly |first2=Cynthia |last2=Littleton |title=Sony Pictures Moves Movie Output Deal From Starz to Netflix in Rich Pact|url= https://variety.com/2021/film/news/netflix-sony-pictures-pay-1-starz-output-1234946413/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 8, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Lindahl | first=Chris |title=Netflix Will Become the Post-Theatrical Streaming Home for Sony Pictures| url= https://www.indiewire.com/2021/04/netflix-sony-deal-spider-man-1234628923/ |work=[[IndieWire]] |date=April 8, 2021}}</ref> On April 27, 2021, Netflix announced that it was opening its first Canadian headquarters in [[Toronto]].<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://dailyhive.com/vancouver/netflix-canada-toronto-headquarters | title=Netflix Canada to officially open new headquarters in Toronto | first=Karen | last=Doradea | work=[[Daily Hive]] | date=April 27, 2021}}</ref> The company also announced that it would open an office in Sweden as well as [[Rome]] and [[Istanbul]] to increase its original content in those regions.<ref>{{Cite news | url= https://variety.com/2021/digital/global/netflix-nordic-office-sweden-1234962502/ | title=Netflix Launches Nordic Office in Sweden | first=Elsa | last=Keslassy | work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | date=April 28, 2021}}</ref> |
|
| In early June, Netflix hosted a first-ever week-long virtual event called “Geeked Week,” where it shared exclusive news, new trailers, cast appearances and more about upcoming genre titles like The Witcher, [[The Cuphead Show!]], and [[The Sandman (TV series)|The Sandman]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.theverge.com/2021/5/24/22448313/netflix-geeked-week-event-the-witcher-sandman-cuphead-resident-evil%7Ctitle=Netflix is holding a week-long 'geek' event in June about The Witcher, The Sandman, and more|website=Verge|date=May 24, 2021|author=Jay Peters|access-date=December 9, 2022}}</ref> | In early -June, Netflix hosted a first-ever week-long virtual event called “Geeked Week,” where it shared exclusive news, new trailers, cast appearances and more about upcoming genre titles like The Witcher, [[The Cuphead Show!]], and [[The Sandman (TV series)|The Sandman]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.theverge.com/2021/5/24/22448313/netflix-geeked-week-event-the-witcher-sandman-cuphead-resident-evil%7Ctitle=Netflix is holding a week-long 'geek' event in June about The Witcher, The Sandman, and more|website=Verge|date=May 24, 2021|author=Jay Peters|access-date=December 9, 2022}}</ref> |
|
| On June 7, 2021, [[Jennifer Lopez]]'s [[Nuyorican Productions]] signed a multi-year first-look deal with Netflix spanning feature films, TV series, and unscripted content, with an emphasis on projects that support diverse female actors, writers, and filmmakers.<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://deadline.com/2021/06/jennifer-lopez-nuyorican-netflix-production-deal-1234770575/ |title=Jennifer Lopez Inks Multi-Year First-Look Production Deal With Netflix |first=Anthony| last=D'Alessandro |date=June 7, 2021}}</ref> On June 10, 2021, Netflix announced it was launching an online store for curated products tied to the Netflix brand and shows such as Stranger Things and [[The Witcher (TV series)|The Witcher]].<ref>{{Cite news | url= https://deadline.com/2021/06/netflix-shop-branded-merchandise-lupin-bridgerton-stranger-things-1234773042/ |title=Netflix Launches Branded Merchandise Site, Exploring New Revenue Frontier |first1=Dade |last1=Hayes | work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] | date=June 10, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url= https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/10/business/media/netflix-shop.html |archive-url= https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/10/business/media/netflix-shop.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 | title=Netflix: The Store! |last1=Koblin |first1=John | last2=Maheshwari | first2=Sapna | work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 10, 2021 | url-access=limited}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On June 21, 2021, [[Steven Spielberg]]'s [[Amblin Partners]] signed a deal with Netflix to release multiple new feature films for the streaming service.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Lang | first=Brent | title=Steven Spielberg's Amblin Partners, Netflix Forge Film Deal in Sign of Changing Hollywood | url= https://variety.com/2021/film/news/steven-spielberg-netflix-amblin-deal-1235001513/ | work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=June 21, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | title=Spielberg's Amblin inks multiyear feature film deal with Netflix | url= https://techcrunch.com/2021/06/21/spielbergs-amblin-inks-multi-year-feature-film-deal-with-netflix/ | first=Devin | last=Coldewey | work=[[TechCrunch]]| date=June 21, 2021}}</ref> On June 30, 2021, [[Powerhouse Animation Studios]] (the studio behind Netflix's [[Castlevania (TV series)|Castlevania]]) announced signing a first-look deal with the streamer to produce more animated series.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://deadline.com/2021/06/powerhouse-animation-first-look-deal-netflix-castlevania-masters-of-the-universe-1234784152/%7Ctitle='Castlevania' Animation Studio Powerhouse Inks First-Look Deal With Netflix |first=Nellie |last=Andreeva |date=June 30, 2021}}</ref> | On June 7, 2021, [[Jennifer Lopez]]'s [[Nuyorican Productions]] signed a multi-year first-look deal with Netflix spanning feature films, TV series, and unscripted content, with an emphasis on projects that support diverse female actors, writers, and filmmakers.<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://deadline.com/2021/06/jennifer-lopez-nuyorican-netflix-production-deal-1234770575/ |title=Jennifer Lopez Inks Multi-Year First-Look Production Deal With Netflix |first=Anthony| last=D'Alessandro |date=June 7, 2021}}</ref> On June 10, 2021, Netflix announced it was launching an online store for curated products tied to the Netflix brand and shows such as Stranger Things and [[The Witcher (TV series)|The Witcher]].<ref>{{Cite news | url= https://deadline.com/2021/06/netflix-shop-branded-merchandise-lupin-bridgerton-stranger-things-1234773042/ |title=Netflix Launches Branded Merchandise Site, Exploring New Revenue Frontier |first1=Dade |last1=Hayes | work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] | date=June 10, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url= https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/10/business/media/netflix-shop.html |archive-url= https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/10/business/media/netflix-shop.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 | title=Netflix: The Store! |last1=Koblin |first1=John | last2=Maheshwari | first2=Sapna | work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 10, 2021 | url-access=limited}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On June 21, 2021, [[Steven Spielberg]]'s [[Amblin Partners]] signed a deal with Netflix to release multiple new feature films for the streaming service.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Lang | first=Brent | title=Steven Spielberg's Amblin Partners, Netflix Forge Film Deal in Sign of Changing Hollywood | url= https://variety.com/2021/film/news/steven-spielberg-netflix-amblin-deal-1235001513/ | work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=June 21, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | title=Spielberg's Amblin inks multiyear feature film deal with Netflix | url= https://techcrunch.com/2021/06/21/spielbergs-amblin-inks-multi-year-feature-film-deal-with-netflix/ | first=Devin | last=Coldewey | work=[[TechCrunch]]| date=June 21, 2021}}</ref> On June 30, 2021, [[Powerhouse Animation Studios]] (the studio behind Netflix's [[Castlevania (TV series)|Castlevania]]) announced signing a first-look deal with the streamer to produce more animated series.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://deadline.com/2021/06/powerhouse-animation-first-look-deal-netflix-castlevania-masters-of-the-universe-1234784152/%7Ctitle='Castlevania' Animation Studio Powerhouse Inks First-Look Deal With Netflix |first=Nellie |last=Andreeva |date=June 30, 2021}}</ref> | | Line 487: | Line 487: | On July 10, 2014, Netflix received 31 Emmy nominations. Among other nominations, House of Cards received nominations for [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series|Outstanding Drama Series]], Outstanding Directing in a Drama Series and Outstanding Writing in a Drama Series. Kevin Spacey and Robin Wright were nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor and Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series. Orange is the New Black was nominated in the comedy categories, earning nominations for Outstanding Comedy Series, Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series and Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series. Taylor Schilling, Kate Mulgrew, and Uzo Aduba were respectively nominated for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series, Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series and Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series (the latter was for Aduba's recurring role in season one, as she was promoted to series regular for the show's second season).<ref>{{cite news | url= https://bgr.com/general/netflix-2014-emmy-nominations/ |title=Netflix just scored a remarkable 31 Emmy nominations | first=Brad | last=Reed | work=[[Boy Genius Report]] | date=July 10, 2014 | url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140713020309/http://bgr.com/2014/07/10/netflix-2014-emmy-nominations/ |archive-date=July 13, 2014}}</ref> | On July 10, 2014, Netflix received 31 Emmy nominations. Among other nominations, House of Cards received nominations for [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series|Outstanding Drama Series]], Outstanding Directing in a Drama Series and Outstanding Writing in a Drama Series. Kevin Spacey and Robin Wright were nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor and Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series. Orange is the New Black was nominated in the comedy categories, earning nominations for Outstanding Comedy Series, Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series and Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series. Taylor Schilling, Kate Mulgrew, and Uzo Aduba were respectively nominated for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series, Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series and Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series (the latter was for Aduba's recurring role in season one, as she was promoted to series regular for the show's second season).<ref>{{cite news | url= https://bgr.com/general/netflix-2014-emmy-nominations/ |title=Netflix just scored a remarkable 31 Emmy nominations | first=Brad | last=Reed | work=[[Boy Genius Report]] | date=July 10, 2014 | url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140713020309/http://bgr.com/2014/07/10/netflix-2014-emmy-nominations/ |archive-date=July 13, 2014}}</ref> |
|
| Netflix got the largest share of 2016 Emmy award nominations, with 16 major nominations. However, streaming shows only got 24 nominations out of a total of 139, falling significantly behind cable. The 16 Netflix nominees were: House of Cards with Kevin Spacey, A Very Murray Christmas with Bill Murray, Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, Master of None, and Bloodline.<ref>{{Cite news | url= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/emmys-2016-netflix-leads-streaming-911095/ | title=Emmys: Netflix Leads Streaming Nominations as Crackle Breaks Through With Jerry Seinfeld Coup | first=NATALIE | last=JARVEY | work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] | date=July 14, 2016}}</ref> | Netflix got the largest share of 2016 Emmy Award nominations, with 16 major nominations. However, streaming shows only got 24 nominations out of a total of 139, falling significantly behind cable. The 16 Netflix nominees were: House of Cards with Kevin Spacey, A Very Murray Christmas with Bill Murray, Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, Master of None, and Bloodline.<ref>{{Cite news | url= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/emmys-2016-netflix-leads-streaming-911095/ | title=Emmys: Netflix Leads Streaming Nominations as Crackle Breaks Through With Jerry Seinfeld Coup | first=NATALIE | last=JARVEY | work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] | date=July 14, 2016}}</ref> |
|
| | |
|
| 2023-02-15T15:00:52Z |
Peugeot |
diff |
| | | Line 332: | Line 332: | [[Peugeot Sport]] is one of the most successful winners in rallying, along with [[Citroën World Rally Team|Citroën Racing]] (eight-time WRC winner), by winning five times the [[List of World Rally Championship Constructors' Champions|World Rally Championship Manufacturer's Title]] (1985–1986, 2000-2002), seven times the [[Dakar Rally]] (1987–1990, 2016–2018), three times the [[European Rally Championship]] (2002–2003, 2008), three times the [[Intercontinental Rally Challenge]] (2007–2009). | [[Peugeot Sport]] is one of the most successful winners in rallying, along with [[Citroën World Rally Team|Citroën Racing]] (eight-time WRC winner), by winning five times the [[List of World Rally Championship Constructors' Champions|World Rally Championship Manufacturer's Title]] (1985–1986, 2000-2002), seven times the [[Dakar Rally]] (1987–1990, 2016–2018), three times the [[European Rally Championship]] (2002–2003, 2008), three times the [[Intercontinental Rally Challenge]] (2007–2009). |
|
| Peugeot's [[East Africa]]<nowiki/>n importers had a very impressive record in rallying in the 1960s; Nick Nowicki and Paddy Cliff won the East African Safari in 1963 with a Marshall's-entered 404 sedan. In 1966 and 1967, [[Tanzania]]'s Tanganyika Motors entered the winning 404 Injection sedan, piloted by the late [[Bert Shankland]] and Chris Rothwell. They might have won again in 1968, but while in second place, their engine blew and ultimately Nick Nowicki and Paddy Cliff upheld Peugeot's honour by winning the rally. Peugeot also won the [[Safari Rally]] in 1975 (Andersson in a 504 Injection sedan) and in 1978 (Nicolas in a 504 Coupé V6), both cars being factory team entries. | Peugeot's [[East Africa]]<nowiki/>n importers had a very impressive record in rallying in the 1960s; Nick Nowicki and Paddy Cliff won the East African Safari in 1963 with a Marshall's-entered 404 sedan. In 1966 and 1967, [[Tanzania]]'s Tanganyika Motors entered the winning 404 Injection sedan, piloted by the late [[Bert Shankland]] and Chris Rothwell. They might have won again in 1968, but while in second place, their engine blew and ultimately Nick Nowicki and Paddy Cliff upheld Peugeot's honour by winning the rally. Peugeot also won the [[Safari Rally]] in 1975 (Andersson in a 504 Injection sedan), then, in 1978 (Nicolas in a 504 Coupé V6), both cars being factory team entries. |
|
| [[File:Peugeot 205 Turbo 16 - Race Retro 2008 01.jpg|thumb|left|Peugeot 205 Turbo 16, 1985 and 1986 winner of the World Rally Championship]] | [[File:Peugeot 205 Turbo 16 - Race Retro 2008 01.jpg|thumb|left|Peugeot 205 Turbo 16, 1985 and 1986 winner of the World Rally Championship]] | Peugeot also had further success in international [[rallying]], most notably in the [[World Rally Championship]] with the four-wheel-drive turbo-charged versions of the [[Peugeot 205]], and more recently the [[Peugeot 206]]. In 1981, [[Jean Todt]], former co-driver for [[Hannu Mikkola]], [[Timo Mäkinen]], and [[Guy Fréquelin]], among others, was asked by Jean Boillot, the head of Automobiles Peugeot, to create a competition department for PSA Peugeot Citroën.<ref name="Todt">{{cite web| title=Who is... Jean Todt?| work=Grandprix.com| url= http://www.grandprix.com/ft/ftjs043.html%7C access-date=22 September 2008| url-status=live| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120211020200/http://www.grandprix.com/ft/ftjs043.html%7C archive-date=11 February 2012 }}</ref> The resulting [[Peugeot Sport|Peugeot Talbot Sport]], established at [[Bois de Boulogne]] near [[Paris]],<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.juwra.com/peugeot_season_1984.html%7Ctitle=Peugeot - Season 1984|publisher=Juwra.com|access-date=7 November 2012|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121016172946/http://www.juwra.com/peugeot_season_1984.html%7Carchive-date=16 October 2012}}</ref> debuted its [[Group B]] 205 Turbo 16 at the 1984 [[Tour de Corse]] in May, and took its first world rally win that same year at the [[1000 Lakes Rally]] in August, in the hands of [[Ari Vatanen]].<ref>{{cite web| title=Peugeot 205 Turbo 16| work=World Rally Archive| url= http://www.juwra.com/peugeot_205t16.html%7C access-date=22 September 2008| url-status=live| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120106120723/http://www.juwra.com/peugeot_205t16.html%7C archive-date=6 January 2012 }}</ref> Excluding an endurance rally where Peugeot were not participating, Vatanen went on win five world rallies in a row. | Peugeot also had further success in international [[rallying]], most notably in the [[World Rally Championship]] , with the four-wheel-drive turbo-charged versions of the [[Peugeot 205]], and , more recently , the [[Peugeot 206]]. In 1981, [[Jean Todt]], former co-driver for [[Hannu Mikkola]], [[Timo Mäkinen]], and [[Guy Fréquelin]], among others, was asked by Jean Boillot, the head of Automobiles Peugeot, to create a competition department for PSA Peugeot Citroën.<ref name="Todt">{{cite web| title=Who is... Jean Todt?| work=Grandprix.com| url= http://www.grandprix.com/ft/ftjs043.html%7C access-date=22 September 2008| url-status=live| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120211020200/http://www.grandprix.com/ft/ftjs043.html%7C archive-date=11 February 2012 }}</ref> The resulting [[Peugeot Sport|Peugeot Talbot Sport]], established at [[Bois de Boulogne]] near [[Paris]],<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.juwra.com/peugeot_season_1984.html%7Ctitle=Peugeot - Season 1984|publisher=Juwra.com|access-date=7 November 2012|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121016172946/http://www.juwra.com/peugeot_season_1984.html%7Carchive-date=16 October 2012}}</ref> debuted its [[Group B]] 205 Turbo 16 at the 1984 [[Tour de Corse]] in May, and took its first world rally win that same year at the [[1000 Lakes Rally]] in August, in the hands of [[Ari Vatanen]].<ref>{{cite web| title=Peugeot 205 Turbo 16| work=World Rally Archive| url= http://www.juwra.com/peugeot_205t16.html%7C access-date=22 September 2008| url-status=live| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120106120723/http://www.juwra.com/peugeot_205t16.html%7C archive-date=6 January 2012 }}</ref> Excluding an endurance rally where Peugeot were not participating, Vatanen went on win five world rallies in a row. |
|
| [[File:Mg2 peugeot.jpg|thumb|[[Peugeot 206|Peugeot 206 WRC]], winner of the World Rally Championship from 2000 to 2002]] | [[File:Mg2 peugeot.jpg|thumb|[[Peugeot 206|Peugeot 206 WRC]], winner of the World Rally Championship from 2000 to 2002]] | | Line 372: | Line 372: | ===Sports car racing=== | ===Sports car racing=== | [[File:Paris - Bonhams 2013 - Peugeot 905 - 1993 - 002.jpg|thumb|right|Peugeot 905, 1992 and 1993 winner of [[24 Hours of Le Mans]]]] | [[File:Paris - Bonhams 2013 - Peugeot 905 - 1993 - 002.jpg|thumb|right|Peugeot 905, 1992 and 1993 winner of [[24 Hours of Le Mans]]]] | | | [[File:2009Peugeot908HDIFAP.jpg|thumb|left|Peugeot 908, 2009 winner of [[24 Hours of Le Mans]]]] | [[File:2009Peugeot908HDIFAP.jpg|thumb|left|Peugeot 908, 2009 winner of [[24 Hours of Le Mans]]]] | Peugeot returned to sportscar racing and Le Mans in 2007 with the diesel-powered [[Peugeot 908 HDi FAP]]. At the [[2007 24 Hours of Le Mans]], [[Stéphane Sarrazin]] secured [[pole position]] but the 908s proved unreliable and ceded victory to [[Audi]]. In {{24hLM|2008}}, Sarrazin earned a pole position but Audi prevailed once again. For the [[2009 24 Hours of Le Mans]], the Peugeot 908 HDi FAPs finished first and second overall, led by drivers [[Marc Gené]], [[David Brabham]], and [[Alexander Wurz]]. | Peugeot returned to sportscar racing and Le Mans in 2007 with the diesel-powered [[Peugeot 908 HDi FAP]]. At the [[2007 24 Hours of Le Mans]], [[Stéphane Sarrazin]] secured [[pole position]] but the 908s proved unreliable and ceded victory to [[Audi]]. In {{24hLM|2008}}, Sarrazin earned a pole position but Audi prevailed once again. For the [[2009 24 Hours of Le Mans]], the Peugeot 908 HDi FAPs finished first and second overall, led by drivers [[Marc Gené]], [[David Brabham]], and [[Alexander Wurz]]. |
|
| 2023-02-15T14:50:55Z |
Peugeot |
diff |
| | | Line 319: | Line 319: | [[Peugeot VELV]] electric concept car was presented on 26 September 2011. | [[Peugeot VELV]] electric concept car was presented on 26 September 2011. |
|
| By 2025, it is expected that 100% of Peugoet models would introduce an electrified variant.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2022 |title=PEUGEOT estimates it will assemble up to 10,000 batteries per month for cars, 7,000 for LCVs by next year |url= https://www.greencarcongress.com/2022/08/20220829-peugeot.html |access-date=15 February 2023 |website=Green Car Congress}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=30 January 2023 |title=Peugeot négocie le virage électrique |url= https://www.lefigaro.fr/automobile/peugeot-negocie-le-virage-electrique-20230130 |access-date=15 February 2023 |website=Le Figaro}}</ref> Along with adopting an all-electricity approach, Peugeot also aims to reduce its CO2 emissions.<ref name=":0" /> | |
|
| ==Motorsport== | ==Motorsport== |
|
| 2023-02-15T14:39:02Z |
Peugeot |
diff |
| | | Line 319: | Line 319: | [[Peugeot VELV]] electric concept car was presented on 26 September 2011. | [[Peugeot VELV]] electric concept car was presented on 26 September 2011. |
|
| | By 2025, it is expected that 100% of Peugoet models would introduce an electrified variant.<ref >{{Cite web |date=22 August 2022 |title=PEUGEOT estimates it will assemble up to 10,000 batteries per month for cars, 7,000 for LCVs by next year |url=https://www.greencarcongress.com/2022/08/20220829-peugeot.html |access-date=15 February 2023 |website=Green Car Congress}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=30 January 2023 |title=Peugeot négocie le virage électrique |url= https://www.lefigaro.fr/automobile/peugeot-negocie-le-virage-electrique-20230130 |access-date=15 February 2023 |website=Le Figaro}}</ref > Along with adopting an all-electricity approach, Peugeot also aims to reduce its CO2 emissions.<ref name=":0" /> |
|
| ==Motorsport== | ==Motorsport== |
|
| 2023-02-15T14:30:54Z |
Peugeot |
diff |
| | | Line 162: | Line 162: | | |
|
| | In 2020 , it was announced that a merger of [[Fiat Chrysler Automobiles]] (FCA) and PSA is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2021. The combined company will be called [[Stellantis]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Naughton|first=Nora|date=2020-07-15|title=Fiat Chrysler to Be Renamed Stellantis After Merger With PSA|language=en-US|work=The Wall Street Journal|url= https://www.wsj.com/articles/merged-fiat-chrysler-psa-company-to-be-named-stellantis-11594837979%7Caccess-date=2020-07-22%7Cissn=0099-9660}}</ref> The merger was confirmed on 4 January 2021, after an overwhelming vote of shareholders from both companies and the deal officially closed on 16 January 2021. Stellantis now owns various well-known brands such as Peugeot, Citroën, [[Jeep]], Maserati (previously owned by Citroën from 1968 through 1975), Chrysler, [[Fiat]], [[Lancia]] and [[Alfa Romeo]], among others.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fiat Chrysler and Peugeot shareholders vote to merge, creating world's fourth-largest car maker|url= https://www.nbcnews.com/business/autos/peugeot-shareholders-vote-merge-fiat-chrysler-creating-world-s-fourth-n1252712%7Caccess-date=2021-01-04%7Cwebsite=NBC News|language=en}}</ref> |
|
| ==Factories== | ==Factories== | | Line 318: | Line 318: |
|
| [[Peugeot VELV]] electric concept car was presented on 26 September 2011. | [[Peugeot VELV]] electric concept car was presented on 26 September 2011. | |
| | |
|
| ==Motorsport== | ==Motorsport== |
|
| 2023-02-15T14:21:05Z |
Peugeot |
diff |
| | | Line 233: | Line 233: | * 2002 – [[Peugeot 307]] | * 2002 – [[Peugeot 307]] | * 2014 – [[Peugeot 308]] | * 2014 – [[Peugeot 308]] | * 2017 – [[Peugeot 3008#Second generation (2016–present)|Peugeot 3008]] | | | | Four other Peugeot models got either second or third in the contest. | Four other Peugeot models got either second or third in the contest. |
|
| 2023-02-14T16:40:09Z |
Schneider Electric |
diff |
| | | Line 62: | Line 62: |
|
| | | |
| | In April 2021, Schneider introduced 'The Zero Carbon Project'. Since then, it has shown its commitment to minimize 'operational carbon emissions' by 2025.<ref name=":1" /> |
|
| | | | Line 423: | Line 425: |
|
| ==EcoStruxure== | ==EcoStruxure== | | |
|
| | |
|
| 2023-02-14T16:28:06Z |
Schneider Electric |
diff |
| | | Line 423: | Line 423: |
|
| ==EcoStruxure== | ==EcoStruxure== | In 2016 Schneider Electric launched the next generation of EcoStruxure – an [[Internet of things|IoT]]-enabled architecture.<ref>{{cite web |title=Schneider Electric Rolls Out a Series of EcoStruxure Platforms {{!}} ARC Advisory Group |url= https://www.arcweb.com/blog/schneider-electric-rolls-out-series-ecostruxure-platforms |access-date=2019-05-17 |website=arcweb.com}}</ref> The EcoStruxure platform uses [[Microsoft Azure]]. | |
|
| | |
|
| 2023-02-14T16:15:16Z |
Schneider Electric |
diff |
| | | Line 62: | Line 62: |
|
| | | |
| | |
|
| <gallery class="center" widths="300"> | <gallery class="center" widths="300"> |
|
| 2023-02-14T15:58:42Z |
Legrand (company) |
diff |
| | | Line 1: | Line 1: | {{Short description|French company}} | {{Short description|French company}} | {{advert|date=February 2017}} | | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}} | {{Infobox company | {{Infobox company | | Line 36: | Line 35: | Manufacturing subsequently gradually diversified into [[electrical equipment]]. At that time, before the appearance of plastic, porcelain was the best available insulating material. In 1949, following a factory fire, the decision was made to exclusively concentrate on electrical wiring devices (switches and sockets). The company very quickly extended its range to cover protection products (fuse-holders and circuit breakers, etc.), cable management products (trunking and mini-trunking), emergency lighting, etc. | Manufacturing subsequently gradually diversified into [[electrical equipment]]. At that time, before the appearance of plastic, porcelain was the best available insulating material. In 1949, following a factory fire, the decision was made to exclusively concentrate on electrical wiring devices (switches and sockets). The company very quickly extended its range to cover protection products (fuse-holders and circuit breakers, etc.), cable management products (trunking and mini-trunking), emergency lighting, etc. |
|
| Since then, Legrand has made more than 100<ref>{{cite web |title=LEGRAND |url= https://www.neobusiness-na.fr/partner/ece832ec-7326-ec11-ae72-c896658c7478 |website=Neo Business}}</ref> targeted acquisitions becoming a large and diversified maker of electrical and digital building infrastructures and connectes devices with more than 300,000 product items. As of 2021, it has bases in 90 countries<ref>{{Cite web |title=Legrand scholarship program is designed for Indian students aspiring to pursue a Master’s programme at one of the French higher education institutions. The students with an annual family income that is below 8 lakhs are eligible to apply for the scholarship. |url= https://www.inde.campusfrance.org/legrand-scholarship-program |access-date=9 January 2023 |website=Campus France India}}</ref> and sales in 180 countries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Molina |first=Denise |date=4 June 2022 |title=Legrand s’inscrit dans le long terme |url= https://www.morningstar.fr/fr/news/224463/legrand-sinscrit-dans-le-long-terme.aspx |access-date=9 January 2023 |website=Morningstar}}</ref> | Since then, Legrand has made more than 100<ref>{{cite web |title=LEGRAND |url= https://www.neobusiness-na.fr/partner/ece832ec-7326-ec11-ae72-c896658c7478 |website=Neo Business}}</ref> targeted acquisitions becoming a large and diversified maker of electrical and digital building infrastructures and connected devices with more than 300,000 product items. As of 2021, it has bases in 90 countries<ref>{{Cite web |title=Legrand scholarship program is designed for Indian students aspiring to pursue a Master’s programme at one of the French higher education institutions. The students with an annual family income that is below 8 lakhs are eligible to apply for the scholarship. |url= https://www.inde.campusfrance.org/legrand-scholarship-program |access-date=9 January 2023 |website=Campus France India}}</ref> and sales in 180 countries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Molina |first=Denise |date=4 June 2022 |title=Legrand s’inscrit dans le long terme |url= https://www.morningstar.fr/fr/news/224463/legrand-sinscrit-dans-le-long-terme.aspx |access-date=9 January 2023 |website=Morningstar}}</ref> |
|
| | | | Line 96: | Line 95: | | |
|
| | |
|
| 2020: | 2020: | | Line 104: | Line 103: | Acquisition of Ensto Building systems division of [[Ensto]], a private electrification, lighting and EV charging manufacturer based in [[Finland]], optical networking components provider Champion One, passive data communication solution specialist Compose, and Borri, a global provider of power solutions and single phase and three phase UPS systems.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2021 |title=L'électricien de Limoges, Legrand, fait deux nouvelles acquisitions pour renforcer sa présence en Europe du Nord |url= https://www.lepopulaire.fr/limoges-87000/economie/l-electricien-de-limoges-legrand-fait-deux-nouvelles-acquisitions-pour-renforcer-sa-presence-en-europe-du-nord_13992608/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Populaire du Centre}}</ref> Legrand faced the risk of raw material shortages.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2021 |title=Challenges in raw material and component supply, Legrand CEO says |url= https://www.cnbc.com/video/2021/07/30/challenges-in-raw-material-and-component-supply-legrand-ceo-says.html |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=CNBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2022 |title=Legrand : Au premier semestre, le résultat opérationnel ajusté grimpe à 838 ME |url= https://www.boursedirect.fr/fr/actualites/categorie/resultats/legrand-au-premier-semestre-le-resultat-operationnel-ajuste-grimpe-a-838-me-boursier-9c4807d82e82eb140a829012f028745c18c31241 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Bourse Direct}}</ref> Simultaneously, in a post-pandemic context, Legrand established record results, notably in the Data Center, Connected Products and Energy Efficiency sectors.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2022 |title=Résultats record pour Legrand après la pandémie |url= https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/resultats-record-pour-legrand-apres-la-pandemie-20220210 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Figaro}}</ref> Legrand launched a new brand "Legrand Care", a new structure that gathers Assisted Living and Healthcare brands.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2021 |title=Legrand : Lancement de la marque mondiale 'Legrand Care' |url= https://www.tradingsat.com/actualites/informations-societes/legrand-lancement-de-la-marque-mondiale-legrand-care--995051.html |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=BFM Bourse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2021 |title=Legrand Care : assistance à l'autonomie et santé connectée |url= https://www.senioractu.com/Legrand-Care-assistance-a-l-autonomie-et-sante-connectee_a24143.html |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Senioractu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Legrand lance " Legrand Care ", sa nouvelle marque mondiale spécialisée dans le secteur de l’assistance à l’autonomie et de la santé connectée |url= https://www.silvereco.fr/legrand-lance-legrand-care-sa-nouvelle-marque-mondiale-specialisee-dans-le-secteur-de-lassistance-a-lautonomie-et-de-la-sante-connectee/311521503 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=SilverEco}}</ref> Legrand and the CEA Center in Grenoble unveiled a wireless and battery-free connected switch.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2021 |title=Legrand et le CEA unissent leurs expertises et développent une nouvelle génération d'interrupteur sans fil et sans pile |url= https://www.cea.fr/presse/Pages/actualites-communiques/ntic/legrand-cea-commande-sans-pile-sans-fil.aspx |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=CEA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chardenon |first=Aude |date=11 February 2021 |title=Legrand lance une nouvelle génération d'interrupteurs sans fil et sans pile, conçue avec le CEA |url= https://www.usine-digitale.fr/article/legrand-lance-une-nouvelle-generation-d-interrupteurs-sans-fil-et-sans-pile-concue-avec-le-cea.N1060129 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=L'Usine Digitale}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2021 |title=Legrand et le CEA de Grenoble ont créé un interrupteur connecté sans fil |url= https://www.ledauphine.com/economie/2021/02/15/isere-legrand-et-le-cea-de-grenoble-ont-cree-un-interrupteur-connecte-sans-fil |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Dauphiné libéré}}</ref> Legrand announced that it would buy 450,000 of its own shares.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2022 |title=Legrand : va racheter 450 000 de ses propres actions |url= https://www.zonebourse.com/cours/action/LEGRAND-16719/actualite/Legrand-va-racheter-450-000-de-ses-propres-actions-39865853/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Zonebourse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2022 |title=Legrand va racheter 450 000 de ses propres actions |url= https://bourse.lefigaro.fr/actu-conseils/legrand-va-racheter-450-000-de-ses-propres-actions-20220325 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Figaro}}</ref> Legrand acquired Emos, a company based in the Czech Republic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2022 |title=Legrand vise une marge ajustée autour de 20% en 2022 après des résultats records en 2021 |url= https://investir.lesechos.fr/actu-des-valeurs/la-vie-des-actions/legrand-vise-une-marge-ajustee-autour-de-20-en-2022-apres-des-resultats-records-en-2021-1856778 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Investir - Les Echos}}</ref> Legrand announced two acquisitions: Ensto Building Systems based in Provoo in Finland, and Ecotap based in Boxtel, the Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2021 |title=L'électricien de Limoges, Legrand, fait deux nouvelles acquisitions pour renforcer sa présence en Europe du Nord |url= https://www.lepopulaire.fr/limoges-87000/economie/l-electricien-de-limoges-legrand-fait-deux-nouvelles-acquisitions-pour-renforcer-sa-presence-en-europe-du-nord_13992608/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Populaire du Centre}}</ref> | Acquisition of Ensto Building systems division of [[Ensto]], a private electrification, lighting and EV charging manufacturer based in [[Finland]], optical networking components provider Champion One, passive data communication solution specialist Compose, and Borri, a global provider of power solutions and single phase and three phase UPS systems.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2021 |title=L'électricien de Limoges, Legrand, fait deux nouvelles acquisitions pour renforcer sa présence en Europe du Nord |url= https://www.lepopulaire.fr/limoges-87000/economie/l-electricien-de-limoges-legrand-fait-deux-nouvelles-acquisitions-pour-renforcer-sa-presence-en-europe-du-nord_13992608/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Populaire du Centre}}</ref> Legrand faced the risk of raw material shortages.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2021 |title=Challenges in raw material and component supply, Legrand CEO says |url= https://www.cnbc.com/video/2021/07/30/challenges-in-raw-material-and-component-supply-legrand-ceo-says.html |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=CNBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2022 |title=Legrand : Au premier semestre, le résultat opérationnel ajusté grimpe à 838 ME |url= https://www.boursedirect.fr/fr/actualites/categorie/resultats/legrand-au-premier-semestre-le-resultat-operationnel-ajuste-grimpe-a-838-me-boursier-9c4807d82e82eb140a829012f028745c18c31241 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Bourse Direct}}</ref> Simultaneously, in a post-pandemic context, Legrand established record results, notably in the Data Center, Connected Products and Energy Efficiency sectors.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2022 |title=Résultats record pour Legrand après la pandémie |url= https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/resultats-record-pour-legrand-apres-la-pandemie-20220210 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Figaro}}</ref> Legrand launched a new brand "Legrand Care", a new structure that gathers Assisted Living and Healthcare brands.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2021 |title=Legrand : Lancement de la marque mondiale 'Legrand Care' |url= https://www.tradingsat.com/actualites/informations-societes/legrand-lancement-de-la-marque-mondiale-legrand-care--995051.html |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=BFM Bourse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2021 |title=Legrand Care : assistance à l'autonomie et santé connectée |url= https://www.senioractu.com/Legrand-Care-assistance-a-l-autonomie-et-sante-connectee_a24143.html |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Senioractu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Legrand lance " Legrand Care ", sa nouvelle marque mondiale spécialisée dans le secteur de l’assistance à l’autonomie et de la santé connectée |url= https://www.silvereco.fr/legrand-lance-legrand-care-sa-nouvelle-marque-mondiale-specialisee-dans-le-secteur-de-lassistance-a-lautonomie-et-de-la-sante-connectee/311521503 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=SilverEco}}</ref> Legrand and the CEA Center in Grenoble unveiled a wireless and battery-free connected switch.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2021 |title=Legrand et le CEA unissent leurs expertises et développent une nouvelle génération d'interrupteur sans fil et sans pile |url= https://www.cea.fr/presse/Pages/actualites-communiques/ntic/legrand-cea-commande-sans-pile-sans-fil.aspx |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=CEA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chardenon |first=Aude |date=11 February 2021 |title=Legrand lance une nouvelle génération d'interrupteurs sans fil et sans pile, conçue avec le CEA |url= https://www.usine-digitale.fr/article/legrand-lance-une-nouvelle-generation-d-interrupteurs-sans-fil-et-sans-pile-concue-avec-le-cea.N1060129 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=L'Usine Digitale}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2021 |title=Legrand et le CEA de Grenoble ont créé un interrupteur connecté sans fil |url= https://www.ledauphine.com/economie/2021/02/15/isere-legrand-et-le-cea-de-grenoble-ont-cree-un-interrupteur-connecte-sans-fil |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Dauphiné libéré}}</ref> Legrand announced that it would buy 450,000 of its own shares.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2022 |title=Legrand : va racheter 450 000 de ses propres actions |url= https://www.zonebourse.com/cours/action/LEGRAND-16719/actualite/Legrand-va-racheter-450-000-de-ses-propres-actions-39865853/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Zonebourse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2022 |title=Legrand va racheter 450 000 de ses propres actions |url= https://bourse.lefigaro.fr/actu-conseils/legrand-va-racheter-450-000-de-ses-propres-actions-20220325 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Figaro}}</ref> Legrand acquired Emos, a company based in the Czech Republic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2022 |title=Legrand vise une marge ajustée autour de 20% en 2022 après des résultats records en 2021 |url= https://investir.lesechos.fr/actu-des-valeurs/la-vie-des-actions/legrand-vise-une-marge-ajustee-autour-de-20-en-2022-apres-des-resultats-records-en-2021-1856778 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Investir - Les Echos}}</ref> Legrand announced two acquisitions: Ensto Building Systems based in Provoo in Finland, and Ecotap based in Boxtel, the Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2021 |title=L'électricien de Limoges, Legrand, fait deux nouvelles acquisitions pour renforcer sa présence en Europe du Nord |url= https://www.lepopulaire.fr/limoges-87000/economie/l-electricien-de-limoges-legrand-fait-deux-nouvelles-acquisitions-pour-renforcer-sa-presence-en-europe-du-nord_13992608/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Populaire du Centre}}</ref> |
|
| In 2022, Legrand announced record results due to segments reinforced after the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2022 |title=Résultats record pour Legrand après la pandémie |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/resultats-record-pour-legrand-apres-la-pandemie-20220210 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Figaro}}</ref> Organic growth reached 13.6% year on year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2022 |title=Electric Maker Legrand on Earnings, Energy and Outlook |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2022-02-10/electric-maker-legrand-on-earnings-energy-and-outlook-video |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref> The company acquired UK cooling firms USystems, and French electrical power force company Voltadis. These acquisitions would be used to strengthen Legrand's position in the data centers sector.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Swinhoe |first=Dan |date=29 July 2022 |title=Legrand acquires USystems and Voltadis |url= https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/legrand-acquires-usystems-and-voltadis/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=DatacenterDynamics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 January 2023 |title=Voltadis, entreprise du Puy-de-Dôme, rachetée par le géant Legrand pour grandir |url= https://www.lamontagne.fr/cournon-d-auvergne-63800/actualites/voltadis-entreprise-du-puy-de-dome-rachetee-par-le-geant-legrand-pour-grandir_14243492/ |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=La Montagne}}</ref> The same year, Legrand signed the EcoWatt charter of [[Réseau de Transport d'Électricité]] (the French Electricity Transmission Network), through which it committed to reduce its energy consumption and promote the reduction of energy consumption for individuals.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2022 |title=Comment les industriels signataires de la charte EcoWatt comptent donner l’exemple |url= https://www.usinenouvelle.com/editorial/comment-les-industriels-signataires-de-la-charte-ecowatt-comptent-donner-l-exemple.N2054482 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=L’Usine Nouvelle}}</ref> In November, Legrand confirms the takeover of the German company A & H Meyer (specialist in connectors for commercial furniture), and the British company Power Control <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2022 |title=Deux nouveaux rachats pour Legrand |url= https://www.lejournaldesentreprises.com/nouvelle-aquitaine/breve/deux-nouveaux-rachats-pour-legrand-2048562 |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Le Journal des Entreprises}}</ref> and also announced an increase in net income of 16.1% over the first 9 months of the year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2022 |title=Bénéfice en hausse pour Legrand |url= https://www.lemoniteur.fr/article/benefice-en-hausse-pour-legrand.2233617 |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Le Moniteur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2022 |title=Legrand : Hausse de 16% du résultat net à neuf mois |url= https://www.tradingsat.com/legrand-FR0010307819/actualites/legrand-legrand-hausse-de-16-du-resultat-net-a-neuf-mois-1042565.html |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=BFM Bourse}}</ref> In December, Legrand announced its acquisition of the Canadian company Encelium.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2022 |title=Legrand s'offre l'entreprise canadienne Encelium |url= https://www.optionfinance.fr/info-financiere-en-continu/d/2022-12-09-legrand-soffre-lentreprise-canadienne-encelium.html |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Option France}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2022 |title=Legrand s'offre l'entreprise canadienne Encelium |url= https://bourse.lefigaro.fr/actu-conseils/legrand-s-offre-l-entreprise-canadienne-encelium-20221209 |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Le Figaro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2022 |title=Legrand acquiert la société canadienne Encelium |url= https://investir.lesechos.fr/actu-des-valeurs/la-vie-des-actions/legrand-acquiert-la-societe-canadienne-encelium-1886896 |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Investir Les Echos}}</ref> | |
|
| === Failed takeover by Schneider Electric === | === Failed takeover by Schneider Electric === | | Line 130: | Line 129: | | | | | | | |- | |- | |Turnover | |Turnover | | Line 135: | Line 135: | |/// | |/// | |6 990 | |6 990 | | |8 340 | |- | |- | |Net income | |Net income | | Line 140: | Line 141: | |904 | |904 | |1 434 | |1 434 | | |999,5 | |} | |} |
|
| | Line 150: | Line 152: |
|
| === IoT and Home Automation === | === IoT and Home Automation === | | |
|
| === Computing and Data Center === | === Computing and Data Center === |
|
| 2023-02-14T15:17:00Z |
Toyota |
diff |
| | | Line 229: | Line 229: | In 2021, Toyota told some of its suppliers to increase their semiconductor inventory levels from the conventional three months to five months in response to the [[2020-2021 global chip shortage|COVID-19 chip shortage]].<ref name=Nikkei/> The [[Lean manufacturing|"just-in-time" supply chain]] in which parts are only delivered when necessary, had already been revised after the [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|March 11, 2011, earthquake and tsunami]] in Japan, lifting inventories across the entire procurement network.<ref name=Nikkei>{{cite news |url= https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Automobiles/Toyota-ditches-signature-just-in-time-to-fight-chip-crunch |title=Toyota ditches signature 'just-in-time' to fight chip crunch |work=[[Nikkei Asia]] |date=September 15, 2021 |access-date=September 16, 2021}}</ref> The time it takes Toyota to turn over its inventory increased by around 40% during the past ten years, to 36.36 days {{as of|2021|March|lc=y}}.<ref name=Nikkei/> | In 2021, Toyota told some of its suppliers to increase their semiconductor inventory levels from the conventional three months to five months in response to the [[2020-2021 global chip shortage|COVID-19 chip shortage]].<ref name=Nikkei/> The [[Lean manufacturing|"just-in-time" supply chain]] in which parts are only delivered when necessary, had already been revised after the [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|March 11, 2011, earthquake and tsunami]] in Japan, lifting inventories across the entire procurement network.<ref name=Nikkei>{{cite news |url= https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Automobiles/Toyota-ditches-signature-just-in-time-to-fight-chip-crunch |title=Toyota ditches signature 'just-in-time' to fight chip crunch |work=[[Nikkei Asia]] |date=September 15, 2021 |access-date=September 16, 2021}}</ref> The time it takes Toyota to turn over its inventory increased by around 40% during the past ten years, to 36.36 days {{as of|2021|March|lc=y}}.<ref name=Nikkei/> |
|
| | |
|
| | |
|
| 2023-02-13T14:18:23Z |
Peugeot |
diff |
| | | Line 234: | Line 234: | * 2014 – [[Peugeot 308]] | * 2014 – [[Peugeot 308]] | * 2017 – [[Peugeot 3008#Second generation (2016–present)|Peugeot 3008]] | * 2017 – [[Peugeot 3008#Second generation (2016–present)|Peugeot 3008]] | * 2020 – [[Peugeot 208#Second generation (2020–present)|Peugeot 208]] | | Four other Peugeot models got either second or third in the contest. | Four other Peugeot models got either second or third in the contest. |
|
|
|
| 2023-02-13T14:13:37Z |
Peugeot |
diff |
| | | Line 269: | Line 269: | * 2012 – [[Peugeot 508]] | * 2012 – [[Peugeot 508]] | * 2013 – [[Peugeot 208]] | * 2013 – [[Peugeot 208]] | |
| | ==== Best-Selling Car in Europe ==== | |
| | |
|
| ===Numbers=== | ===Numbers=== |
|
| 2023-02-08T16:24:44Z |
Netflix |
diff |
| | | Line 505: | Line 505: |
|
| === Environmental impact === | === Environmental impact === | | In March 2021, Netflix announced that it would work to reach [[net zero]] greenhouse gas emissions by the end of 2022, while investing in programs to preserve or restore [[ecosystems]]. The company stated that it would cut emissions from its operations and electricity use by 45 percent by 2030. Due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and lack of content production, Netflix had a 14 percent drop in emissions in 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/netflix-net-zero-emissions-2022-b1824262.html |archive-url= https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/netflix-net-zero-emissions-2022-b1824262.html |archive-date=June 18, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Netflix promises to wipe carbon footprint in under two years|date=March 31, 2021|website=The Independent}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.ourdailyplanet.com/story/netflix-pledges-net-zero-emissions-by-2023/%7Ctitle=Netflix Pledges Net-Zero Emissions by 2023|date=April 1, 2021|website=Our Daily Planet}}</ref> In 2021, Netflix bought 1.5 million [[carbon credit]]s from 17 projects around the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://carboncredits.com/netflix-carbon-credits/%7Ctitle=Netflix Bought 1.5 Million Carbon Credits in 2021|first=Jennifer|last=L|date=April 1, 2022 }}</ref> Besides, Netflix documentaries about climate change are believed to be 'helpful' to increase awareness as they reach an international audience, more importantly, they help catalyze global commitment to and action on environmental change.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TOP CLIMATE CHANGE SHOWS ON NETFLIX |url=https://theogm.com/2023/02/05/top-climate-change-shows-on-netflix/ |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=The OGM}}</ref> |
|
| == Awards == | == Awards == |
|
| 2023-02-08T16:06:12Z |
Netflix |
diff |
| | | Line 346: | Line 346: | | |
|
| Netflix holds exclusive streaming rights to the film library of [[Studio Ghibli]] (with the exception of [[Grave of the Fireflies]]) worldwide except in the U.S., Canada, China and Japan as part of an agreement signed with Ghibli's international sales holder [[Wild Bunch (company)|Wild Bunch]] in 2020. | Netflix holds exclusive streaming rights to the film library of [[Studio Ghibli]] (with the exception of [[Grave of the Fireflies]]) worldwide except in the U.S., Canada, China and Japan as part of an agreement signed with Ghibli's international sales holder [[Wild Bunch (company)|Wild Bunch]] in 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2020 |title=Netflix strikes deal for Studio Ghibli films outside US, Japan |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/netflix-strikes-deal-for-studio-ghibli-films-outside-us-japan/5146314.article |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Screen Daily}}</ref> |
|
| === Gaming === | === Gaming === |
|
| 2023-02-08T15:43:13Z |
Legrand (company) |
diff |
| | | Line 87: | Line 87: |
|
| 2014: | 2014: | In March, Legrand signed an agreement to acquire Lastar, Inc. a Moraine, Ohio cabling and connectivity products supplier which, in 2013, reported more than $140 million in revenue and had nearly 1,000 total employees in nine locations in the U.S., Europe and Asia. Brands falling under the Lastar umbrella are the Quiktron and Cables to Go which became C2G in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cogliano|first=Joe|date=5 February 2014|title=French company to buy Moraine firm|url= https://www.bizjournals.com/dayton/news/2014/02/05/french-company-to-buy-dayton-area-firm.html?page=all%7Caccess-date=4 April 2021|website=www.bizjournals.com}}</ref> | In March, Legrand signs an agreement to acquire Lastar, Inc. a Moraine, Ohio cabling and connectivity products supplier which, in 2013, reported more than $140 million in revenue and had nearly 1,000 total employees in nine locations in the U.S., Europe and Asia. Brands falling under the Lastar umbrella are the Quiktron and Cables to Go which became C2G in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cogliano|first=Joe|date=5 February 2014|title=French company to buy Moraine firm|url= https://www.bizjournals.com/dayton/news/2014/02/05/french-company-to-buy-dayton-area-firm.html?page=all%7Caccess-date=4 April 2021|website=www.bizjournals.com}}</ref> |
|
| 2015: | 2015: | | |
|
| | | | Line 104: | Line 104: | Acquisition of Ensto Building systems division of [[Ensto]], a private electrification, lighting and EV charging manufacturer based in [[Finland]], optical networking components provider Champion One, passive data communication solution specialist Compose, and Borri, a global provider of power solutions and single phase and three phase UPS systems.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2021 |title=L'électricien de Limoges, Legrand, fait deux nouvelles acquisitions pour renforcer sa présence en Europe du Nord |url= https://www.lepopulaire.fr/limoges-87000/economie/l-electricien-de-limoges-legrand-fait-deux-nouvelles-acquisitions-pour-renforcer-sa-presence-en-europe-du-nord_13992608/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Populaire du Centre}}</ref> Legrand faced the risk of raw material shortages.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2021 |title=Challenges in raw material and component supply, Legrand CEO says |url= https://www.cnbc.com/video/2021/07/30/challenges-in-raw-material-and-component-supply-legrand-ceo-says.html |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=CNBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2022 |title=Legrand : Au premier semestre, le résultat opérationnel ajusté grimpe à 838 ME |url= https://www.boursedirect.fr/fr/actualites/categorie/resultats/legrand-au-premier-semestre-le-resultat-operationnel-ajuste-grimpe-a-838-me-boursier-9c4807d82e82eb140a829012f028745c18c31241 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Bourse Direct}}</ref> Simultaneously, in a post-pandemic context, Legrand established record results, notably in the Data Center, Connected Products and Energy Efficiency sectors.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2022 |title=Résultats record pour Legrand après la pandémie |url= https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/resultats-record-pour-legrand-apres-la-pandemie-20220210 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Figaro}}</ref> Legrand launched a new brand "Legrand Care", a new structure that gathers Assisted Living and Healthcare brands.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2021 |title=Legrand : Lancement de la marque mondiale 'Legrand Care' |url= https://www.tradingsat.com/actualites/informations-societes/legrand-lancement-de-la-marque-mondiale-legrand-care--995051.html |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=BFM Bourse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2021 |title=Legrand Care : assistance à l'autonomie et santé connectée |url= https://www.senioractu.com/Legrand-Care-assistance-a-l-autonomie-et-sante-connectee_a24143.html |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Senioractu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Legrand lance " Legrand Care ", sa nouvelle marque mondiale spécialisée dans le secteur de l’assistance à l’autonomie et de la santé connectée |url= https://www.silvereco.fr/legrand-lance-legrand-care-sa-nouvelle-marque-mondiale-specialisee-dans-le-secteur-de-lassistance-a-lautonomie-et-de-la-sante-connectee/311521503 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=SilverEco}}</ref> Legrand and the CEA Center in Grenoble unveiled a wireless and battery-free connected switch.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2021 |title=Legrand et le CEA unissent leurs expertises et développent une nouvelle génération d'interrupteur sans fil et sans pile |url= https://www.cea.fr/presse/Pages/actualites-communiques/ntic/legrand-cea-commande-sans-pile-sans-fil.aspx |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=CEA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chardenon |first=Aude |date=11 February 2021 |title=Legrand lance une nouvelle génération d'interrupteurs sans fil et sans pile, conçue avec le CEA |url= https://www.usine-digitale.fr/article/legrand-lance-une-nouvelle-generation-d-interrupteurs-sans-fil-et-sans-pile-concue-avec-le-cea.N1060129 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=L'Usine Digitale}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2021 |title=Legrand et le CEA de Grenoble ont créé un interrupteur connecté sans fil |url= https://www.ledauphine.com/economie/2021/02/15/isere-legrand-et-le-cea-de-grenoble-ont-cree-un-interrupteur-connecte-sans-fil |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Dauphiné libéré}}</ref> Legrand announced that it would buy 450,000 of its own shares.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2022 |title=Legrand : va racheter 450 000 de ses propres actions |url= https://www.zonebourse.com/cours/action/LEGRAND-16719/actualite/Legrand-va-racheter-450-000-de-ses-propres-actions-39865853/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Zonebourse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2022 |title=Legrand va racheter 450 000 de ses propres actions |url= https://bourse.lefigaro.fr/actu-conseils/legrand-va-racheter-450-000-de-ses-propres-actions-20220325 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Figaro}}</ref> Legrand acquired Emos, a company based in the Czech Republic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2022 |title=Legrand vise une marge ajustée autour de 20% en 2022 après des résultats records en 2021 |url= https://investir.lesechos.fr/actu-des-valeurs/la-vie-des-actions/legrand-vise-une-marge-ajustee-autour-de-20-en-2022-apres-des-resultats-records-en-2021-1856778 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Investir - Les Echos}}</ref> Legrand announced two acquisitions: Ensto Building Systems based in Provoo in Finland, and Ecotap based in Boxtel, the Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2021 |title=L'électricien de Limoges, Legrand, fait deux nouvelles acquisitions pour renforcer sa présence en Europe du Nord |url= https://www.lepopulaire.fr/limoges-87000/economie/l-electricien-de-limoges-legrand-fait-deux-nouvelles-acquisitions-pour-renforcer-sa-presence-en-europe-du-nord_13992608/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Populaire du Centre}}</ref> | Acquisition of Ensto Building systems division of [[Ensto]], a private electrification, lighting and EV charging manufacturer based in [[Finland]], optical networking components provider Champion One, passive data communication solution specialist Compose, and Borri, a global provider of power solutions and single phase and three phase UPS systems.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2021 |title=L'électricien de Limoges, Legrand, fait deux nouvelles acquisitions pour renforcer sa présence en Europe du Nord |url= https://www.lepopulaire.fr/limoges-87000/economie/l-electricien-de-limoges-legrand-fait-deux-nouvelles-acquisitions-pour-renforcer-sa-presence-en-europe-du-nord_13992608/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Populaire du Centre}}</ref> Legrand faced the risk of raw material shortages.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2021 |title=Challenges in raw material and component supply, Legrand CEO says |url= https://www.cnbc.com/video/2021/07/30/challenges-in-raw-material-and-component-supply-legrand-ceo-says.html |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=CNBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2022 |title=Legrand : Au premier semestre, le résultat opérationnel ajusté grimpe à 838 ME |url= https://www.boursedirect.fr/fr/actualites/categorie/resultats/legrand-au-premier-semestre-le-resultat-operationnel-ajuste-grimpe-a-838-me-boursier-9c4807d82e82eb140a829012f028745c18c31241 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Bourse Direct}}</ref> Simultaneously, in a post-pandemic context, Legrand established record results, notably in the Data Center, Connected Products and Energy Efficiency sectors.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2022 |title=Résultats record pour Legrand après la pandémie |url= https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/resultats-record-pour-legrand-apres-la-pandemie-20220210 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Figaro}}</ref> Legrand launched a new brand "Legrand Care", a new structure that gathers Assisted Living and Healthcare brands.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2021 |title=Legrand : Lancement de la marque mondiale 'Legrand Care' |url= https://www.tradingsat.com/actualites/informations-societes/legrand-lancement-de-la-marque-mondiale-legrand-care--995051.html |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=BFM Bourse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2021 |title=Legrand Care : assistance à l'autonomie et santé connectée |url= https://www.senioractu.com/Legrand-Care-assistance-a-l-autonomie-et-sante-connectee_a24143.html |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Senioractu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Legrand lance " Legrand Care ", sa nouvelle marque mondiale spécialisée dans le secteur de l’assistance à l’autonomie et de la santé connectée |url= https://www.silvereco.fr/legrand-lance-legrand-care-sa-nouvelle-marque-mondiale-specialisee-dans-le-secteur-de-lassistance-a-lautonomie-et-de-la-sante-connectee/311521503 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=SilverEco}}</ref> Legrand and the CEA Center in Grenoble unveiled a wireless and battery-free connected switch.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2021 |title=Legrand et le CEA unissent leurs expertises et développent une nouvelle génération d'interrupteur sans fil et sans pile |url= https://www.cea.fr/presse/Pages/actualites-communiques/ntic/legrand-cea-commande-sans-pile-sans-fil.aspx |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=CEA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chardenon |first=Aude |date=11 February 2021 |title=Legrand lance une nouvelle génération d'interrupteurs sans fil et sans pile, conçue avec le CEA |url= https://www.usine-digitale.fr/article/legrand-lance-une-nouvelle-generation-d-interrupteurs-sans-fil-et-sans-pile-concue-avec-le-cea.N1060129 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=L'Usine Digitale}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2021 |title=Legrand et le CEA de Grenoble ont créé un interrupteur connecté sans fil |url= https://www.ledauphine.com/economie/2021/02/15/isere-legrand-et-le-cea-de-grenoble-ont-cree-un-interrupteur-connecte-sans-fil |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Dauphiné libéré}}</ref> Legrand announced that it would buy 450,000 of its own shares.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2022 |title=Legrand : va racheter 450 000 de ses propres actions |url= https://www.zonebourse.com/cours/action/LEGRAND-16719/actualite/Legrand-va-racheter-450-000-de-ses-propres-actions-39865853/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Zonebourse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2022 |title=Legrand va racheter 450 000 de ses propres actions |url= https://bourse.lefigaro.fr/actu-conseils/legrand-va-racheter-450-000-de-ses-propres-actions-20220325 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Figaro}}</ref> Legrand acquired Emos, a company based in the Czech Republic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2022 |title=Legrand vise une marge ajustée autour de 20% en 2022 après des résultats records en 2021 |url= https://investir.lesechos.fr/actu-des-valeurs/la-vie-des-actions/legrand-vise-une-marge-ajustee-autour-de-20-en-2022-apres-des-resultats-records-en-2021-1856778 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Investir - Les Echos}}</ref> Legrand announced two acquisitions: Ensto Building Systems based in Provoo in Finland, and Ecotap based in Boxtel, the Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2021 |title=L'électricien de Limoges, Legrand, fait deux nouvelles acquisitions pour renforcer sa présence en Europe du Nord |url= https://www.lepopulaire.fr/limoges-87000/economie/l-electricien-de-limoges-legrand-fait-deux-nouvelles-acquisitions-pour-renforcer-sa-presence-en-europe-du-nord_13992608/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Populaire du Centre}}</ref> |
|
| In 2022, Legrand announced record results due to segments reinforced after the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2022 |title=Résultats record pour Legrand après la pandémie |url= https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/resultats-record-pour-legrand-apres-la-pandemie-20220210 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Figaro}}</ref> Organic growth reached 13.6% year on year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2022 |title=Electric Maker Legrand on Earnings, Energy and Outlook |url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2022-02-10/electric-maker-legrand-on-earnings-energy-and-outlook-video |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref> The company acquired UK cooling firms USystems, and French electrical power force company Voltadis. These acquisitions would be used to optimize Legrand's energy management <ref>{{Cite web |last=Swinhoe |first=Dan |date=29 July 2022 |title=Legrand acquires USystems and Voltadis |url= https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/legrand-acquires-usystems-and-voltadis/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=DatacenterDynamics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 January 2023 |title=Voltadis, entreprise du Puy-de-Dôme, rachetée par le géant Legrand pour grandir |url= https://www.lamontagne.fr/cournon-d-auvergne-63800/actualites/voltadis-entreprise-du-puy-de-dome-rachetee-par-le-geant-legrand-pour-grandir_14243492/ |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=La Montagne}}</ref>. The same year, Legrand signed the EcoWatt charter of [[Réseau de Transport d'Électricité]] (the French Electricity Transmission Network), through which it committed to reduce its energy consumption and promote the reduction of energy consumption for individuals.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2022 |title=Comment les industriels signataires de la charte EcoWatt comptent donner l’exemple |url= https://www.usinenouvelle.com/editorial/comment-les-industriels-signataires-de-la-charte-ecowatt-comptent-donner-l-exemple.N2054482 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=L’Usine Nouvelle}}</ref> In November, Legrand confirms the takeover of the German company A & H Meyer (specialist in connectors for commercial furniture), and the British company Power Control <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2022 |title=Deux nouveaux rachats pour Legrand |url= https://www.lejournaldesentreprises.com/nouvelle-aquitaine/breve/deux-nouveaux-rachats-pour-legrand-2048562 |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Le Journal des Entreprises}}</ref> and also announced an increase in net income of 16.1% over the first 9 months of the year<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2022 |title=Bénéfice en hausse pour Legrand |url= https://www.lemoniteur.fr/article/benefice-en-hausse-pour-legrand.2233617 |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Le Moniteur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2022 |title=Legrand : Hausse de 16% du résultat net à neuf mois |url= https://www.tradingsat.com/legrand-FR0010307819/actualites/legrand-legrand-hausse-de-16-du-resultat-net-a-neuf-mois-1042565.html |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=BFM Bourse}}</ref>. In December, Legrand announced its acquisition of the Canadian company Encelium<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2022 |title=Legrand s'offre l'entreprise canadienne Encelium |url= https://www.optionfinance.fr/info-financiere-en-continu/d/2022-12-09-legrand-soffre-lentreprise-canadienne-encelium.html |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Option France}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2022 |title=Legrand s'offre l'entreprise canadienne Encelium |url= https://bourse.lefigaro.fr/actu-conseils/legrand-s-offre-l-entreprise-canadienne-encelium-20221209 |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Le Figaro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2022 |title=Legrand acquiert la société canadienne Encelium |url= https://investir.lesechos.fr/actu-des-valeurs/la-vie-des-actions/legrand-acquiert-la-societe-canadienne-encelium-1886896 |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Investir Les Echos}}</ref>. | In 2022, Legrand announced record results due to segments reinforced after the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2022 |title=Résultats record pour Legrand après la pandémie |url= https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/resultats-record-pour-legrand-apres-la-pandemie-20220210 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Figaro}}</ref> Organic growth reached 13.6% year on year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2022 |title=Electric Maker Legrand on Earnings, Energy and Outlook |url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2022-02-10/electric-maker-legrand-on-earnings-energy-and-outlook-video |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref> The company acquired UK cooling firms USystems, and French electrical power force company Voltadis. These acquisitions would be used to strengthen Legrand's position in the data centers sector <ref>{{Cite web |last=Swinhoe |first=Dan |date=29 July 2022 |title=Legrand acquires USystems and Voltadis |url= https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/legrand-acquires-usystems-and-voltadis/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=DatacenterDynamics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 January 2023 |title=Voltadis, entreprise du Puy-de-Dôme, rachetée par le géant Legrand pour grandir |url= https://www.lamontagne.fr/cournon-d-auvergne-63800/actualites/voltadis-entreprise-du-puy-de-dome-rachetee-par-le-geant-legrand-pour-grandir_14243492/ |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=La Montagne}}</ref>. The same year, Legrand signed the EcoWatt charter of [[Réseau de Transport d'Électricité]] (the French Electricity Transmission Network), through which it committed to reduce its energy consumption and promote the reduction of energy consumption for individuals.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2022 |title=Comment les industriels signataires de la charte EcoWatt comptent donner l’exemple |url= https://www.usinenouvelle.com/editorial/comment-les-industriels-signataires-de-la-charte-ecowatt-comptent-donner-l-exemple.N2054482 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=L’Usine Nouvelle}}</ref> In November, Legrand confirms the takeover of the German company A & H Meyer (specialist in connectors for commercial furniture), and the British company Power Control <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2022 |title=Deux nouveaux rachats pour Legrand |url= https://www.lejournaldesentreprises.com/nouvelle-aquitaine/breve/deux-nouveaux-rachats-pour-legrand-2048562 |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Le Journal des Entreprises}}</ref> and also announced an increase in net income of 16.1% over the first 9 months of the year<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2022 |title=Bénéfice en hausse pour Legrand |url= https://www.lemoniteur.fr/article/benefice-en-hausse-pour-legrand.2233617 |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Le Moniteur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2022 |title=Legrand : Hausse de 16% du résultat net à neuf mois |url= https://www.tradingsat.com/legrand-FR0010307819/actualites/legrand-legrand-hausse-de-16-du-resultat-net-a-neuf-mois-1042565.html |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=BFM Bourse}}</ref>. In December, Legrand announced its acquisition of the Canadian company Encelium<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2022 |title=Legrand s'offre l'entreprise canadienne Encelium |url= https://www.optionfinance.fr/info-financiere-en-continu/d/2022-12-09-legrand-soffre-lentreprise-canadienne-encelium.html |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Option France}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2022 |title=Legrand s'offre l'entreprise canadienne Encelium |url= https://bourse.lefigaro.fr/actu-conseils/legrand-s-offre-l-entreprise-canadienne-encelium-20221209 |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Le Figaro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2022 |title=Legrand acquiert la société canadienne Encelium |url= https://investir.lesechos.fr/actu-des-valeurs/la-vie-des-actions/legrand-acquiert-la-societe-canadienne-encelium-1886896 |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Investir Les Echos}}</ref>. |
|
| === Failed takeover by Schneider Electric === | === Failed takeover by Schneider Electric === | | Line 122: | Line 122: |
|
| | | |
| | === Business figures === | | {| class="wikitable" | | |+Financial data in € millions | | !Year | | | | | | | | |- | | |Turnover | | |6 600 | | |/// | | |6 990 | | |- | | |Net income | | |834 | | |904 | | |1 434 | | |} |
|
| == Products and services == | == Products and services == |
|
| 2023-02-08T15:12:57Z |
Legrand (company) |
diff |
| | | Line 87: | Line 87: |
|
| 2014: | 2014: | In March, Legrand signs an agreement to acquire Lastar, Inc. a Moraine, Ohio cabling and connectivity products supplier which, in 2013, reported more than $140 million in revenue and had nearly 1,000 total employees in nine locations in the U.S., Europe and Asia. Brands falling under the Lastar umbrella are the Quiktron and Cables to Go which became C2G in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cogliano|first=Joe|date=5 February 2014|title=French company to buy Moraine firm|url= https://www.bizjournals.com/dayton/news/2014/02/05/french-company-to-buy-dayton-area-firm.html?page=all%7Caccess-date=4 April 2021|website=www.bizjournals.com}}</ref> | In March, Legrand signed an agreement to acquire Lastar, Inc. a Moraine, Ohio cabling and connectivity products supplier which, in 2013, reported more than $140 million in revenue and had nearly 1,000 total employees in nine locations in the U.S., Europe and Asia. Brands falling under the Lastar umbrella are the Quiktron and Cables to Go which became C2G in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cogliano|first=Joe|date=5 February 2014|title=French company to buy Moraine firm|url= https://www.bizjournals.com/dayton/news/2014/02/05/french-company-to-buy-dayton-area-firm.html?page=all%7Caccess-date=4 April 2021|website=www.bizjournals.com}}</ref> |
|
| 2015: | 2015: | | |
|
| | |
|
| 2023-02-08T14:51:32Z |
Legrand (company) |
diff |
| | | Line 87: | Line 87: |
|
| 2014: | 2014: | In March, Legrand signed an agreement to acquire Lastar, Inc. a Moraine, Ohio cabling and connectivity products supplier which, in 2013, reported more than $140 million in revenue and had nearly 1,000 total employees in nine locations in the U.S., Europe and Asia. Brands falling under the Lastar umbrella are the Quiktron and Cables to Go which became C2G in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cogliano|first=Joe|date=5 February 2014|title=French company to buy Moraine firm|url= https://www.bizjournals.com/dayton/news/2014/02/05/french-company-to-buy-dayton-area-firm.html?page=all%7Caccess-date=4 April 2021|website=www.bizjournals.com}}</ref> | In March, Legrand signs an agreement to acquire Lastar, Inc. a Moraine, Ohio cabling and connectivity products supplier which, in 2013, reported more than $140 million in revenue and had nearly 1,000 total employees in nine locations in the U.S., Europe and Asia. Brands falling under the Lastar umbrella are the Quiktron and Cables to Go which became C2G in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cogliano|first=Joe|date=5 February 2014|title=French company to buy Moraine firm|url= https://www.bizjournals.com/dayton/news/2014/02/05/french-company-to-buy-dayton-area-firm.html?page=all%7Caccess-date=4 April 2021|website=www.bizjournals.com}}</ref> |
|
| 2015: | 2015: | | |
|
| 2017: In June, Legrand started procedures to purchase Milestone AV, the manufacturer of AV racks and mounts in the US and overseas. Milestone manufactures products under the brand names Chief, Sanus, Echogear, Da-Lite, Projecta, and Vaddio. In November, Legrand North America acquired [[Server Technology]]. | |
|
| | | | Line 104: | Line 104: | Acquisition of Ensto Building systems division of [[Ensto]], a private electrification, lighting and EV charging manufacturer based in [[Finland]], optical networking components provider Champion One, passive data communication solution specialist Compose, and Borri, a global provider of power solutions and single phase and three phase UPS systems.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2021 |title=L'électricien de Limoges, Legrand, fait deux nouvelles acquisitions pour renforcer sa présence en Europe du Nord |url= https://www.lepopulaire.fr/limoges-87000/economie/l-electricien-de-limoges-legrand-fait-deux-nouvelles-acquisitions-pour-renforcer-sa-presence-en-europe-du-nord_13992608/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Populaire du Centre}}</ref> Legrand faced the risk of raw material shortages.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2021 |title=Challenges in raw material and component supply, Legrand CEO says |url= https://www.cnbc.com/video/2021/07/30/challenges-in-raw-material-and-component-supply-legrand-ceo-says.html |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=CNBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2022 |title=Legrand : Au premier semestre, le résultat opérationnel ajusté grimpe à 838 ME |url= https://www.boursedirect.fr/fr/actualites/categorie/resultats/legrand-au-premier-semestre-le-resultat-operationnel-ajuste-grimpe-a-838-me-boursier-9c4807d82e82eb140a829012f028745c18c31241 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Bourse Direct}}</ref> Simultaneously, in a post-pandemic context, Legrand established record results, notably in the Data Center, Connected Products and Energy Efficiency sectors.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2022 |title=Résultats record pour Legrand après la pandémie |url= https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/resultats-record-pour-legrand-apres-la-pandemie-20220210 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Figaro}}</ref> Legrand launched a new brand "Legrand Care", a new structure that gathers Assisted Living and Healthcare brands.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2021 |title=Legrand : Lancement de la marque mondiale 'Legrand Care' |url= https://www.tradingsat.com/actualites/informations-societes/legrand-lancement-de-la-marque-mondiale-legrand-care--995051.html |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=BFM Bourse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2021 |title=Legrand Care : assistance à l'autonomie et santé connectée |url= https://www.senioractu.com/Legrand-Care-assistance-a-l-autonomie-et-sante-connectee_a24143.html |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Senioractu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Legrand lance " Legrand Care ", sa nouvelle marque mondiale spécialisée dans le secteur de l’assistance à l’autonomie et de la santé connectée |url= https://www.silvereco.fr/legrand-lance-legrand-care-sa-nouvelle-marque-mondiale-specialisee-dans-le-secteur-de-lassistance-a-lautonomie-et-de-la-sante-connectee/311521503 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=SilverEco}}</ref> Legrand and the CEA Center in Grenoble unveiled a wireless and battery-free connected switch.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2021 |title=Legrand et le CEA unissent leurs expertises et développent une nouvelle génération d'interrupteur sans fil et sans pile |url= https://www.cea.fr/presse/Pages/actualites-communiques/ntic/legrand-cea-commande-sans-pile-sans-fil.aspx |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=CEA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chardenon |first=Aude |date=11 February 2021 |title=Legrand lance une nouvelle génération d'interrupteurs sans fil et sans pile, conçue avec le CEA |url= https://www.usine-digitale.fr/article/legrand-lance-une-nouvelle-generation-d-interrupteurs-sans-fil-et-sans-pile-concue-avec-le-cea.N1060129 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=L'Usine Digitale}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2021 |title=Legrand et le CEA de Grenoble ont créé un interrupteur connecté sans fil |url= https://www.ledauphine.com/economie/2021/02/15/isere-legrand-et-le-cea-de-grenoble-ont-cree-un-interrupteur-connecte-sans-fil |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Dauphiné libéré}}</ref> Legrand announced that it would buy 450,000 of its own shares.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2022 |title=Legrand : va racheter 450 000 de ses propres actions |url= https://www.zonebourse.com/cours/action/LEGRAND-16719/actualite/Legrand-va-racheter-450-000-de-ses-propres-actions-39865853/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Zonebourse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2022 |title=Legrand va racheter 450 000 de ses propres actions |url= https://bourse.lefigaro.fr/actu-conseils/legrand-va-racheter-450-000-de-ses-propres-actions-20220325 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Figaro}}</ref> Legrand acquired Emos, a company based in the Czech Republic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2022 |title=Legrand vise une marge ajustée autour de 20% en 2022 après des résultats records en 2021 |url= https://investir.lesechos.fr/actu-des-valeurs/la-vie-des-actions/legrand-vise-une-marge-ajustee-autour-de-20-en-2022-apres-des-resultats-records-en-2021-1856778 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Investir - Les Echos}}</ref> Legrand announced two acquisitions: Ensto Building Systems based in Provoo in Finland, and Ecotap based in Boxtel, the Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2021 |title=L'électricien de Limoges, Legrand, fait deux nouvelles acquisitions pour renforcer sa présence en Europe du Nord |url= https://www.lepopulaire.fr/limoges-87000/economie/l-electricien-de-limoges-legrand-fait-deux-nouvelles-acquisitions-pour-renforcer-sa-presence-en-europe-du-nord_13992608/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Populaire du Centre}}</ref> | Acquisition of Ensto Building systems division of [[Ensto]], a private electrification, lighting and EV charging manufacturer based in [[Finland]], optical networking components provider Champion One, passive data communication solution specialist Compose, and Borri, a global provider of power solutions and single phase and three phase UPS systems.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2021 |title=L'électricien de Limoges, Legrand, fait deux nouvelles acquisitions pour renforcer sa présence en Europe du Nord |url= https://www.lepopulaire.fr/limoges-87000/economie/l-electricien-de-limoges-legrand-fait-deux-nouvelles-acquisitions-pour-renforcer-sa-presence-en-europe-du-nord_13992608/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Populaire du Centre}}</ref> Legrand faced the risk of raw material shortages.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2021 |title=Challenges in raw material and component supply, Legrand CEO says |url= https://www.cnbc.com/video/2021/07/30/challenges-in-raw-material-and-component-supply-legrand-ceo-says.html |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=CNBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2022 |title=Legrand : Au premier semestre, le résultat opérationnel ajusté grimpe à 838 ME |url= https://www.boursedirect.fr/fr/actualites/categorie/resultats/legrand-au-premier-semestre-le-resultat-operationnel-ajuste-grimpe-a-838-me-boursier-9c4807d82e82eb140a829012f028745c18c31241 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Bourse Direct}}</ref> Simultaneously, in a post-pandemic context, Legrand established record results, notably in the Data Center, Connected Products and Energy Efficiency sectors.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2022 |title=Résultats record pour Legrand après la pandémie |url= https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/resultats-record-pour-legrand-apres-la-pandemie-20220210 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Figaro}}</ref> Legrand launched a new brand "Legrand Care", a new structure that gathers Assisted Living and Healthcare brands.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2021 |title=Legrand : Lancement de la marque mondiale 'Legrand Care' |url= https://www.tradingsat.com/actualites/informations-societes/legrand-lancement-de-la-marque-mondiale-legrand-care--995051.html |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=BFM Bourse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2021 |title=Legrand Care : assistance à l'autonomie et santé connectée |url= https://www.senioractu.com/Legrand-Care-assistance-a-l-autonomie-et-sante-connectee_a24143.html |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Senioractu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Legrand lance " Legrand Care ", sa nouvelle marque mondiale spécialisée dans le secteur de l’assistance à l’autonomie et de la santé connectée |url= https://www.silvereco.fr/legrand-lance-legrand-care-sa-nouvelle-marque-mondiale-specialisee-dans-le-secteur-de-lassistance-a-lautonomie-et-de-la-sante-connectee/311521503 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=SilverEco}}</ref> Legrand and the CEA Center in Grenoble unveiled a wireless and battery-free connected switch.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2021 |title=Legrand et le CEA unissent leurs expertises et développent une nouvelle génération d'interrupteur sans fil et sans pile |url= https://www.cea.fr/presse/Pages/actualites-communiques/ntic/legrand-cea-commande-sans-pile-sans-fil.aspx |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=CEA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chardenon |first=Aude |date=11 February 2021 |title=Legrand lance une nouvelle génération d'interrupteurs sans fil et sans pile, conçue avec le CEA |url= https://www.usine-digitale.fr/article/legrand-lance-une-nouvelle-generation-d-interrupteurs-sans-fil-et-sans-pile-concue-avec-le-cea.N1060129 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=L'Usine Digitale}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2021 |title=Legrand et le CEA de Grenoble ont créé un interrupteur connecté sans fil |url= https://www.ledauphine.com/economie/2021/02/15/isere-legrand-et-le-cea-de-grenoble-ont-cree-un-interrupteur-connecte-sans-fil |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Dauphiné libéré}}</ref> Legrand announced that it would buy 450,000 of its own shares.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2022 |title=Legrand : va racheter 450 000 de ses propres actions |url= https://www.zonebourse.com/cours/action/LEGRAND-16719/actualite/Legrand-va-racheter-450-000-de-ses-propres-actions-39865853/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Zonebourse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2022 |title=Legrand va racheter 450 000 de ses propres actions |url= https://bourse.lefigaro.fr/actu-conseils/legrand-va-racheter-450-000-de-ses-propres-actions-20220325 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Figaro}}</ref> Legrand acquired Emos, a company based in the Czech Republic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2022 |title=Legrand vise une marge ajustée autour de 20% en 2022 après des résultats records en 2021 |url= https://investir.lesechos.fr/actu-des-valeurs/la-vie-des-actions/legrand-vise-une-marge-ajustee-autour-de-20-en-2022-apres-des-resultats-records-en-2021-1856778 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Investir - Les Echos}}</ref> Legrand announced two acquisitions: Ensto Building Systems based in Provoo in Finland, and Ecotap based in Boxtel, the Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2021 |title=L'électricien de Limoges, Legrand, fait deux nouvelles acquisitions pour renforcer sa présence en Europe du Nord |url= https://www.lepopulaire.fr/limoges-87000/economie/l-electricien-de-limoges-legrand-fait-deux-nouvelles-acquisitions-pour-renforcer-sa-presence-en-europe-du-nord_13992608/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Populaire du Centre}}</ref> |
|
| | In 2022, Legrand announced record results due to segments reinforced after the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2022 |title=Résultats record pour Legrand après la pandémie |url= https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/resultats-record-pour-legrand-apres-la-pandemie-20220210 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Le Figaro}}</ref> Organic growth reached 13.6% year on year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2022 |title=Electric Maker Legrand on Earnings, Energy and Outlook |url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2022-02-10/electric-maker-legrand-on-earnings-energy-and-outlook-video |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref> The company acquired UK cooling firms USystems, and French electrical power force company Voltadis. These acquisitions would be used to optimize Legrand's energy management <ref>{{Cite web |last=Swinhoe |first=Dan |date=29 July 2022 |title=Legrand acquires USystems and Voltadis |url= https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/legrand-acquires-usystems-and-voltadis/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=DatacenterDynamics}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 January 2023 |title=Voltadis, entreprise du Puy-de-Dôme, rachetée par le géant Legrand pour grandir |url=https://www.lamontagne.fr/cournon-d-auvergne-63800/actualites/voltadis-entreprise-du-puy-de-dome-rachetee-par-le-geant-legrand-pour-grandir_14243492/ |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=La Montagne}}</ref>. The same year, Legrand signed the EcoWatt charter of [[Réseau de Transport d'Électricité]] (the French Electricity Transmission Network), through which it committed to reduce its energy consumption and promote the reduction of energy consumption for individuals.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2022 |title=Comment les industriels signataires de la charte EcoWatt comptent donner l’exemple |url= https://www.usinenouvelle.com/editorial/comment-les-industriels-signataires-de-la-charte-ecowatt-comptent-donner-l-exemple.N2054482 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=L’Usine Nouvelle}}</ref> In November, Legrand confirms the takeover of the German company A & H Meyer (specialist in connectors for commercial furniture), and the British company Power Control <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2022 |title=Deux nouveaux rachats pour Legrand |url=https://www.lejournaldesentreprises.com/nouvelle-aquitaine/breve/deux-nouveaux-rachats-pour-legrand-2048562 |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Le Journal des Entreprises}}</ref> and also announced an increase in net income of 16.1% over the first 9 months of the year<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2022 |title=Bénéfice en hausse pour Legrand |url=https://www.lemoniteur.fr/article/benefice-en-hausse-pour-legrand.2233617 |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Le Moniteur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2022 |title=Legrand : Hausse de 16% du résultat net à neuf mois |url=https://www.tradingsat.com/legrand-FR0010307819/actualites/legrand-legrand-hausse-de-16-du-resultat-net-a-neuf-mois-1042565.html |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=BFM Bourse}}</ref>. In December, Legrand announced its acquisition of the Canadian company Encelium<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2022 |title=Legrand s'offre l'entreprise canadienne Encelium |url=https://www.optionfinance.fr/info-financiere-en-continu/d/2022-12-09-legrand-soffre-lentreprise-canadienne-encelium.html |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Option France}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2022 |title=Legrand s'offre l'entreprise canadienne Encelium |url=https://bourse.lefigaro.fr/actu-conseils/legrand-s-offre-l-entreprise-canadienne-encelium-20221209 |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Le Figaro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2022 |title=Legrand acquiert la société canadienne Encelium |url=https://investir.lesechos.fr/actu-des-valeurs/la-vie-des-actions/legrand-acquiert-la-societe-canadienne-encelium-1886896 |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Investir Les Echos}}</ref>. |
|
| === Failed takeover by Schneider Electric === | === Failed takeover by Schneider Electric === | | Line 117: | Line 117: | * In 2007, Legrand appoints [[Thierry de La Tour d'Artaise]], [[CEO]] of [[Groupe SEB]], and [[Gérard Lamarche]], CFO of [[Suez (company, 1997–2008)|Groupe Suez]], to its board of directors. | * In 2007, Legrand appoints [[Thierry de La Tour d'Artaise]], [[CEO]] of [[Groupe SEB]], and [[Gérard Lamarche]], CFO of [[Suez (company, 1997–2008)|Groupe Suez]], to its board of directors. | * [[Gilles Schnepp]] (born in 1958 in [[Lyon]]): President and CEO between 2006 and 2018, and then president until 2020, joined the company in 1989, with a degree in business, ex vice-president of the American merchant bank [[Merrill (company)|Merrill Lynch]] France. He joined [[Groupe PSA]] as Vice-Chairman in 2019. | * [[Gilles Schnepp]] (born in 1958 in [[Lyon]]): President and CEO between 2006 and 2018, and then president until 2020, joined the company in 1989, with a degree in business, ex vice-president of the American merchant bank [[Merrill (company)|Merrill Lynch]] France. He joined [[Groupe PSA]] as Vice-Chairman in 2019. | * Benoît Coquart (born 1973), general director since February 2018, joined the company in 1997, member of the board of directors since 2010. | * [[Benoît Coquart]] (born 1973), general director since February 2018, joined the company in 1997, member of the board of directors since 2010. |
|
| ==== President ==== | ==== President ==== |
|
| 2023-02-07T15:04:28Z |
Nissan |
diff |
| | | Line 356: | Line 356: |
|
| The second-generation [[Nissan Leaf|Leaf]] was launched by Nissan in Japan in 2018. By December 2020, global deliveries totaled 500,000 Leaf cars, 10 years after its introduction.<ref name=Leaf500K>{{cite web|url= https://www.automotiveworld.com/news-releases/nissan-marks-10-years-of-leaf-sales-with-over-500000-sold-worldwide/ |title=Nissan marks 10 years of LEAF sales, with over 500,000 sold worldwide | author=Nissan | publisher=Automotive World | date=3 December 2020 | access-date=11 December 2020|quote=Nissan today celebrated the 10th anniversary of the Nissan LEAF and the delivery of 500,000 LEAF vehicles since the model was first introduced. More than 148,000 have been sold in the United States}}</ref> | The second-generation [[Nissan Leaf|Leaf]] was launched by Nissan in Japan in 2018. By December 2020, global deliveries totaled 500,000 Leaf cars, 10 years after its introduction.<ref name=Leaf500K>{{cite web|url= https://www.automotiveworld.com/news-releases/nissan-marks-10-years-of-leaf-sales-with-over-500000-sold-worldwide/ |title=Nissan marks 10 years of LEAF sales, with over 500,000 sold worldwide | author=Nissan | publisher=Automotive World | date=3 December 2020 | access-date=11 December 2020|quote=Nissan today celebrated the 10th anniversary of the Nissan LEAF and the delivery of 500,000 LEAF vehicles since the model was first introduced. More than 148,000 have been sold in the United States}}</ref> | |
| | |
|
| ===Autonomous cars=== | ===Autonomous cars=== |
|
| 2023-02-07T14:57:06Z |
Nissan |
diff |
| | | Line 184: | Line 184: | In 1982, Nissan's first final assembly robots were installed in the Murayama plant, where the then-new [[Nissan March|March/Micra]] was assembled. In 1984, the Zama plant began to be robotized; this automation process then continued throughout Nissan's factories.<ref name=DF87>{{citation | title = Data File 1987 | publisher = Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | page = 22 | location = Tokyo, Japan | date = April 1987 }}</ref> | In 1982, Nissan's first final assembly robots were installed in the Murayama plant, where the then-new [[Nissan March|March/Micra]] was assembled. In 1984, the Zama plant began to be robotized; this automation process then continued throughout Nissan's factories.<ref name=DF87>{{citation | title = Data File 1987 | publisher = Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | page = 22 | location = Tokyo, Japan | date = April 1987 }}</ref> |
|
| [[Nissan electric vehicles]] have been produced intermittently since 1946. In 2010, the [[Nissan Leaf]] plug-in [[battery electric vehicle]] was introduced; it was the world's most sold [[plug-in electric car]] for nearly a decade. It was preceded by the [[Nissan Altra|Altra]] and the [[Nissan Hypermini|Hypermini]]. Until surpassed by Tesla, Nissan was the world's largest [[electric vehicle|electric vehicle (EV)]] manufacturer, with global sales of more than 320,000 all-electric vehicles as of April 2018.<ref name=Leaf3bi/> | [[Nissan electric vehicles]] have been produced intermittently since 1946. In 2010, the [[Nissan Leaf]] plug-in [[battery electric vehicle]] was introduced; it was the world's most sold [[plug-in electric car]] for nearly a decade. It was preceded by the [[Nissan Altra|Altra]] and the [[Nissan Hypermini|Hypermini]]. Until surpassed by Tesla, Nissan was the world's largest [[electric vehicle|electric vehicle (EV)]] manufacturer, with global sales of more than 320,000 all-electric vehicles as of April 2018.<ref name=Leaf3bi/ > In 2022, it was announced that Nissan was aspiring to create solid-state batteries for electric vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lyons |first=Kim |date=9 April 2022 |title=Nissan plans to launch its first EV with a solid-state battery by 2028 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/4/8/23017045/nissan-ev-solid-state-battery-yokohama-plant-2028 |access-date=7 February 2023 |website=The Verge}}</ref> |
|
| ==Relationships with other car companies== | ==Relationships with other car companies== |
|
| 2023-02-07T14:30:37Z |
Nissan |
diff |
| | | Line 469: | Line 469: |
|
| ==Research and development== | ==Research and development== | Nissan's central research<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.nissan-global.com/EN/NRC/%7Ctitle=NISSAN | Nissan Research Center | TOP|first=NISSAN MOTOR Co|last=Ltd|website=www.nissan-global.com}}</ref> is inside the Oppama Plant site, [[Yokosuka]], which began its operation in 1961, at the former site of [[Imperial Japanese Navy]]'s Airborne Squadron base. In 1982, Nissan's technical centers in [[Suginami, Tokyo]] and [[Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama|Tsurumi, Yokohama]] were combined into one: Nissan Technical Center (NTC) in [[Atsugi, Kanagawa]], at the foot of [[Mount Ōyama (Kanagawa)|Mount Ōyama]] of the [[Tanzawa Mountains]]. At its 30th anniversary in 2012, NTC employed 9,500 employees in product development, design, production engineering, and purchasing. | Nissan's central research<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.nissan-global.com/EN/NRC/%7Ctitle=NISSAN | Nissan Research Center | TOP|first=NISSAN MOTOR Co|last=Ltd|website=www.nissan-global.com}}</ref> is inside the Oppama Plant site, [[Yokosuka]], which began its operation in 1961, at the former site of [[Imperial Japanese Navy]]'s Airborne Squadron base. In 1982, Nissan's technical centers in [[Suginami, Tokyo]] and [[Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama|Tsurumi, Yokohama]] were combined into one: Nissan Technical Center (NTC) in [[Atsugi, Kanagawa]], at the foot of [[Mount Ōyama (Kanagawa)|Mount Ōyama]] of the [[Tanzawa Mountains]]. At its 30th anniversary , in 2012, NTC employed 9,500 employees in product development, design, production engineering, and purchasing. |
|
| | |
|
| 2023-02-07T14:26:07Z |
Nissan |
diff |
| | | Line 184: | Line 184: | In 1982, Nissan's first final assembly robots were installed in the Murayama plant, where the then-new [[Nissan March|March/Micra]] was assembled. In 1984, the Zama plant began to be robotized; this automation process then continued throughout Nissan's factories.<ref name=DF87>{{citation | title = Data File 1987 | publisher = Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | page = 22 | location = Tokyo, Japan | date = April 1987 }}</ref> | In 1982, Nissan's first final assembly robots were installed in the Murayama plant, where the then-new [[Nissan March|March/Micra]] was assembled. In 1984, the Zama plant began to be robotized; this automation process then continued throughout Nissan's factories.<ref name=DF87>{{citation | title = Data File 1987 | publisher = Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | page = 22 | location = Tokyo, Japan | date = April 1987 }}</ref> |
|
| [[Nissan electric vehicles]] have been produced intermittently since 1946. In 2010 the [[Nissan Leaf]] plug-in [[battery electric vehicle]] was introduced; it was the world's most sold [[plug-in electric car]] for nearly a decade. It was preceded by the [[Nissan Altra|Altra]] and the [[Nissan Hypermini|Hypermini]]. Until surpassed by Tesla, Nissan was the world's largest [[electric vehicle|electric vehicle (EV)]] manufacturer, with global sales of more than 320,000 all-electric vehicles as of April 2018.<ref name=Leaf3bi/> | [[Nissan electric vehicles]] have been produced intermittently since 1946. In 2010, the [[Nissan Leaf]] plug-in [[battery electric vehicle]] was introduced; it was the world's most sold [[plug-in electric car]] for nearly a decade. It was preceded by the [[Nissan Altra|Altra]] and the [[Nissan Hypermini|Hypermini]]. Until surpassed by Tesla, Nissan was the world's largest [[electric vehicle|electric vehicle (EV)]] manufacturer, with global sales of more than 320,000 all-electric vehicles as of April 2018.<ref name=Leaf3bi/> |
|
| ==Relationships with other car companies== | ==Relationships with other car companies== |
|
| 2023-02-07T14:22:49Z |
Nissan |
diff |
| | | Line 182: | Line 182: |
|
| ==Nissan technologies== | ==Nissan technologies== | Nissan's first final assembly robots were installed in the Murayama plant (where the then-new [[Nissan March|March/Micra]] was assembled) in 1982. In 1984 the Zama plant began to be robotized; this automation process then continued throughout Nissan's factories.<ref name=DF87>{{citation | title = Data File 1987 | publisher = Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | page = 22 | location = Tokyo, Japan | date = April 1987 }}</ref> | In 1982, Nissan's first final assembly robots were installed in the Murayama plant, where the then-new [[Nissan March|March/Micra]] was assembled. In 1984, the Zama plant began to be robotized; this automation process then continued throughout Nissan's factories.<ref name=DF87>{{citation | title = Data File 1987 | publisher = Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | page = 22 | location = Tokyo, Japan | date = April 1987 }}</ref> |
|
| [[Nissan electric vehicles]] have been produced intermittently since 1946. In 2010 the [[Nissan Leaf]] plug-in [[battery electric vehicle]] was introduced; it was the world's most sold [[plug-in electric car]] for nearly a decade. It was preceded by the [[Nissan Altra|Altra]] and the [[Nissan Hypermini|Hypermini]]. Until surpassed by Tesla, Nissan was the world's largest [[electric vehicle|electric vehicle (EV)]] manufacturer, with global sales of more than 320,000 all-electric vehicles as of April 2018.<ref name=Leaf3bi/> | [[Nissan electric vehicles]] have been produced intermittently since 1946. In 2010 the [[Nissan Leaf]] plug-in [[battery electric vehicle]] was introduced; it was the world's most sold [[plug-in electric car]] for nearly a decade. It was preceded by the [[Nissan Altra|Altra]] and the [[Nissan Hypermini|Hypermini]]. Until surpassed by Tesla, Nissan was the world's largest [[electric vehicle|electric vehicle (EV)]] manufacturer, with global sales of more than 320,000 all-electric vehicles as of April 2018.<ref name=Leaf3bi/> |
|
| 2023-02-07T14:13:28Z |
Nissan |
diff |
| | | Line 175: | Line 175: | In the United States, Nissan has been increasing its reliance on sales to daily-rental companies like [[Enterprise Rent-A-Car]] or [[The Hertz Corporation|Hertz]]. In 2016, Nissan's rental sales jumped 37% and in 2017 Nissan became the only major automaker to boost rental sales when the [[Detroit Three]] cut back less profitable deliveries to daily-rental companies, which traditionally are the biggest customers of domestic automakers.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Colias|first1=Mike|last2=Roberts|first2=Adrienne|title=U.S. Auto Sales Fall as Fewer Vehicles Go to Rental Chains|url= https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/companies/us-auto-sales-fall-as-fewer-vehicles-go-to-rental-chains/ar-BBDFq8G%7Caccess-date=5 July 2017|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=3 July 2017}}</ref> | In the United States, Nissan has been increasing its reliance on sales to daily-rental companies like [[Enterprise Rent-A-Car]] or [[The Hertz Corporation|Hertz]]. In 2016, Nissan's rental sales jumped 37% and in 2017 Nissan became the only major automaker to boost rental sales when the [[Detroit Three]] cut back less profitable deliveries to daily-rental companies, which traditionally are the biggest customers of domestic automakers.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Colias|first1=Mike|last2=Roberts|first2=Adrienne|title=U.S. Auto Sales Fall as Fewer Vehicles Go to Rental Chains|url= https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/companies/us-auto-sales-fall-as-fewer-vehicles-go-to-rental-chains/ar-BBDFq8G%7Caccess-date=5 July 2017|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=3 July 2017}}</ref> |
|
| In late July 2019, Nissan announced it would lay off 12,500 employees over the next 3 years, citing a 95% year on year net income fall. Hiroto Saikawa, CEO at the time, confirmed the majority of those cuts would be plant workers.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=Timothy B. |title=Nissan plans 12,500 layoffs after operating profits fall 98% |url= https://arstechnica.com/cars/2019/07/nissan-plans-12500-layoffs-after-operating-profits-fall-98-percent/ |website=ars Technica |access-date=1 August 2019|date=25 July 2019 }}</ref> | In late -July 2019, Nissan announced it would lay off 12,500 employees over the next 3 years, citing a 95% year on year net income fall. Hiroto Saikawa, CEO at the time, confirmed the majority of those cuts would be plant workers.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=Timothy B. |title=Nissan plans 12,500 layoffs after operating profits fall 98% |url= https://arstechnica.com/cars/2019/07/nissan-plans-12500-layoffs-after-operating-profits-fall-98-percent/ |website=ars Technica |access-date=1 August 2019|date=25 July 2019 }}</ref> |
|
| | |
|
| 2023-02-07T14:11:35Z |
Nissan |
diff |
| | | Line 159: | Line 159: | In the wake of the [[1973 oil crisis]], consumers worldwide, especially in the lucrative U.S. market, began turning to high-quality small economy cars. To meet the growing demand for its new [[Nissan Sunny]], the company built new factories in Mexico (Nissan Mexicana was established in the early-1960s and commenced manufacturing in 1966 at the [[Civac|Cuernavaca assembly facility]], making it Nissan's first North American assembly plant), Australia, New Zealand, Taiwan, United States (Nissan Motor Manufacturing Corporation USA was established in 1980) and South Africa. The "[[Chicken Tax]]" of 1964 placed a 25% tax on commercial vans imported to the United States.<ref name="wsjtransit">{{cite news| title = To Outfox the Chicken Tax, Ford Strips Its Own Vans | newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |first=Matthew |last=Dolan | url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125357990638429655 | date=23 September 2009}}</ref> In response, Nissan, [[Toyota Motor Corp.]] and [[Honda|Honda Motor Co.]] began building plants in the U.S. in the early-1980s.<ref name="wsjtransit"/> Nissan's initial assembly plant [[Nissan Smyrna Assembly Plant|Smyrna assembly plant]] (which broke ground in 1980) at first built only trucks such as the [[Datsun 720|720]] and [[Nissan Hardbody Truck|Hardbody]], but has since expanded to produce several car and SUV lines, including the [[Nissan Altima|Altima]], [[Nissan Maxima|Maxima]], Rogue, Pathfinder, Infiniti QX60 and [[Nissan Leaf|LEAF]] [[all-electric car]]. The addition of mass-market automobiles was in response to the 1981 Voluntary Export Restraints imposed by the U.S. Government. An engine plant in [[Decherd, Tennessee]] followed, most recently a second assembly plant was established in [[Canton, Mississippi]]. In 1970, Teocar was created, which was a Greek assembly plant created in cooperation with Theoharakis.<ref name="ΤΕΟΚΑΡ ΑΒΕΕ">{{cite web|url= http://news247.gr/eidiseis/weekend-edition/teokar_otan_oi_iapwnes_ypoklinotan_sthn_ellada.2863142.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190123030308/https://www.news247.gr/weekend-edition/teokar-otan-oi-iapones-ypoklinotan-stin-ellada.6278052.html | title= ΤΕΟΚΑΡ: Όταν οι Ιάπωνες "υποκλίνονταν" στην Ελλάδα | trans-title = TEOKAR: When the Japanese "kowtowed" to Greece | language = el |last = Donas | first = Dimitris | publisher=news247.gr |archive-date= 2019-01-23 | date = 2014-07-28 }}</ref> It was situated in [[Volos]], Greece and its geographical location was perfect as the city had a major port. The plant started production in 1980, assembling Datsun pick-up trucks and continuing with the Nissan Cherry and Sunny automobiles. Until May 1995 170,000 vehicles were made, mainly for Greece. | In the wake of the [[1973 oil crisis]], consumers worldwide, especially in the lucrative U.S. market, began turning to high-quality small economy cars. To meet the growing demand for its new [[Nissan Sunny]], the company built new factories in Mexico (Nissan Mexicana was established in the early-1960s and commenced manufacturing in 1966 at the [[Civac|Cuernavaca assembly facility]], making it Nissan's first North American assembly plant), Australia, New Zealand, Taiwan, United States (Nissan Motor Manufacturing Corporation USA was established in 1980) and South Africa. The "[[Chicken Tax]]" of 1964 placed a 25% tax on commercial vans imported to the United States.<ref name="wsjtransit">{{cite news| title = To Outfox the Chicken Tax, Ford Strips Its Own Vans | newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |first=Matthew |last=Dolan | url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125357990638429655 | date=23 September 2009}}</ref> In response, Nissan, [[Toyota Motor Corp.]] and [[Honda|Honda Motor Co.]] began building plants in the U.S. in the early-1980s.<ref name="wsjtransit"/> Nissan's initial assembly plant [[Nissan Smyrna Assembly Plant|Smyrna assembly plant]] (which broke ground in 1980) at first built only trucks such as the [[Datsun 720|720]] and [[Nissan Hardbody Truck|Hardbody]], but has since expanded to produce several car and SUV lines, including the [[Nissan Altima|Altima]], [[Nissan Maxima|Maxima]], Rogue, Pathfinder, Infiniti QX60 and [[Nissan Leaf|LEAF]] [[all-electric car]]. The addition of mass-market automobiles was in response to the 1981 Voluntary Export Restraints imposed by the U.S. Government. An engine plant in [[Decherd, Tennessee]] followed, most recently a second assembly plant was established in [[Canton, Mississippi]]. In 1970, Teocar was created, which was a Greek assembly plant created in cooperation with Theoharakis.<ref name="ΤΕΟΚΑΡ ΑΒΕΕ">{{cite web|url= http://news247.gr/eidiseis/weekend-edition/teokar_otan_oi_iapwnes_ypoklinotan_sthn_ellada.2863142.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190123030308/https://www.news247.gr/weekend-edition/teokar-otan-oi-iapones-ypoklinotan-stin-ellada.6278052.html | title= ΤΕΟΚΑΡ: Όταν οι Ιάπωνες "υποκλίνονταν" στην Ελλάδα | trans-title = TEOKAR: When the Japanese "kowtowed" to Greece | language = el |last = Donas | first = Dimitris | publisher=news247.gr |archive-date= 2019-01-23 | date = 2014-07-28 }}</ref> It was situated in [[Volos]], Greece and its geographical location was perfect as the city had a major port. The plant started production in 1980, assembling Datsun pick-up trucks and continuing with the Nissan Cherry and Sunny automobiles. Until May 1995 170,000 vehicles were made, mainly for Greece. |
|
| By the early 1980s, Nissan (Datsun) had long been the best selling Japanese brand in Europe.<ref name=nouv>{{cite journal |journal=Le Moniteur de l'Automobile |page=28 |title=Lotus, R-R & Co |last=Fisher |first=Brian |location=Brussels, Belgium |language=fr |volume=34 |number=764 |date=10 March 1983 |ref=mon764 |publisher=Editions Auto-Magazine}}</ref> In order to overcome export tariffs and delivery costs to its European customers, Nissan contemplated establishing a plant in Europe. Nissan tried to convert the Greek plant into one manufacturing cars for all European countries.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} However, due to issues with the Greek government{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} not only did that not happen but the plant itself was closed. A joint venture with Italy's then state-owned [[Alfa Romeo]] was also entered in 1980, leading to Italian production of the [[Nissan Cherry]] and an Alfa-badged and motorized version, the [[Alfa Romeo Arna]].<ref name=Arna>{{cite news |title=Alfa Venture |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SOdUAAAAIBAJ&pg=3673,3250718 |page = 17 | work=The Age |date=22 September 1980 |access-date=19 August 2012}}</ref> After an extensive review, Nissan decided to go it alone instead. The [[City of Sunderland]] in the north east of England was chosen for its skilled workforce and its location near major ports. The plant was completed in 1986 as the subsidiary [[Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd]]. By 2007, it was producing 400,000 vehicles per year, landing it the title of the most productive plant in Europe. | By the early -1980s, Nissan (Datsun) had long been the best selling Japanese brand in Europe.<ref name=nouv>{{cite journal |journal=Le Moniteur de l'Automobile |page=28 |title=Lotus, R-R & Co |last=Fisher |first=Brian |location=Brussels, Belgium |language=fr |volume=34 |number=764 |date=10 March 1983 |ref=mon764 |publisher=Editions Auto-Magazine}}</ref> In order to overcome export tariffs and delivery costs to its European customers, Nissan contemplated establishing a plant in Europe. Nissan tried to convert the Greek plant into one manufacturing cars for all European countries.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} However, due to issues with the Greek government{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} not only did that not happen but the plant itself was closed. A joint venture with Italy's then state-owned [[Alfa Romeo]] was also entered in 1980, leading to Italian production of the [[Nissan Cherry]] and an Alfa-badged and motorized version, the [[Alfa Romeo Arna]].<ref name=Arna>{{cite news |title=Alfa Venture |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SOdUAAAAIBAJ&pg=3673,3250718 |page = 17 | work=The Age |date=22 September 1980 |access-date=19 August 2012}}</ref> After an extensive review, Nissan decided to go it alone instead. The [[City of Sunderland]] in the north east of England was chosen for its skilled workforce and its location near major ports. The plant was completed in 1986 as the subsidiary [[Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd]]. By 2007, it was producing 400,000 vehicles per year, landing it the title of the most productive plant in Europe. |
|
| [[File:2013 Nissan GT-R -- 06-23-2012 1.JPG|thumb|right|2013 [[Nissan GT-R]]]] | [[File:2013 Nissan GT-R -- 06-23-2012 1.JPG|thumb|right|2013 [[Nissan GT-R]]]] |
|
| 2023-02-07T14:09:48Z |
Nissan |
diff |
| | | Line 157: | Line 157: | In the 1950s, Nissan decided to expand into worldwide markets. Nissan management realized their Datsun small car line would fill an unmet need in markets such as Australia and the world's largest car market, the United States. They first showed the [[Datsun Bluebird#310/311/312 series|Datsun Bluebird]] at the 1958 [[Los Angeles Auto Show]].<ref name="NISSANCORPORATEHISTORY"/><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.datsunhistory.com/datsunhistory5.html |title=(datsunstory 5) |publisher=Datsunhistory.com |access-date=25 February 2014}}</ref> The company formed a U.S. subsidiary, [[Nissan Motor Corporation U.S.A.]], in Gardena, California<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/DOCUMENT/PDF/FF/2001/ff2001_04.pdf |title=Major Offices and Facilities <North America> |publisher=Nissan USA |date=31 March 2002 |access-date=30 October 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170202005007/http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/DOCUMENT/PDF/FF/2001/ff2001_04.pdf |archive-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> in 1960, headed by [[Yutaka Katayama]].<ref name="NISSANCORPORATEHISTORY" /> Nissan continued to improve its sedans with the latest technological advancements and chic Italianate styling in sporty cars such as the [[Datsun Fairlady]] roadsters, the race-winning [[Nissan Bluebird|411 series]], the [[Datsun 510]] and the [[Datsun 240Z]]. By 1970, Nissan had become one of the world's largest exporters of automobiles.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.autobild.es/coches/nissan/historia |title=Historia de la marca de coches Nissan |work=Autobild |date=24 May 2017 |location=Spain |language=Spanish |access-date=2021-12-12}}</ref> | In the 1950s, Nissan decided to expand into worldwide markets. Nissan management realized their Datsun small car line would fill an unmet need in markets such as Australia and the world's largest car market, the United States. They first showed the [[Datsun Bluebird#310/311/312 series|Datsun Bluebird]] at the 1958 [[Los Angeles Auto Show]].<ref name="NISSANCORPORATEHISTORY"/><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.datsunhistory.com/datsunhistory5.html |title=(datsunstory 5) |publisher=Datsunhistory.com |access-date=25 February 2014}}</ref> The company formed a U.S. subsidiary, [[Nissan Motor Corporation U.S.A.]], in Gardena, California<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/DOCUMENT/PDF/FF/2001/ff2001_04.pdf |title=Major Offices and Facilities <North America> |publisher=Nissan USA |date=31 March 2002 |access-date=30 October 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170202005007/http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/DOCUMENT/PDF/FF/2001/ff2001_04.pdf |archive-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> in 1960, headed by [[Yutaka Katayama]].<ref name="NISSANCORPORATEHISTORY" /> Nissan continued to improve its sedans with the latest technological advancements and chic Italianate styling in sporty cars such as the [[Datsun Fairlady]] roadsters, the race-winning [[Nissan Bluebird|411 series]], the [[Datsun 510]] and the [[Datsun 240Z]]. By 1970, Nissan had become one of the world's largest exporters of automobiles.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.autobild.es/coches/nissan/historia |title=Historia de la marca de coches Nissan |work=Autobild |date=24 May 2017 |location=Spain |language=Spanish |access-date=2021-12-12}}</ref> |
|
| In the wake of the [[1973 oil crisis]], consumers worldwide, especially in the lucrative U.S. market, began turning to high-quality small economy cars. To meet the growing demand for its new [[Nissan Sunny]], the company built new factories in Mexico (Nissan Mexicana was established in the early 1960s and commenced manufacturing in 1966 at the [[Civac|Cuernavaca assembly facility]], making it Nissan's first North American assembly plant), Australia, New Zealand, Taiwan, United States (Nissan Motor Manufacturing Corporation USA was established in 1980) and South Africa. The "[[Chicken Tax]]" of 1964 placed a 25% tax on commercial vans imported to the United States.<ref name="wsjtransit">{{cite news| title = To Outfox the Chicken Tax, Ford Strips Its Own Vans | newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |first=Matthew |last=Dolan | url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125357990638429655 | date=23 September 2009}}</ref> In response, Nissan, [[Toyota Motor Corp.]] and [[Honda|Honda Motor Co.]] began building plants in the U.S. in the early 1980s.<ref name="wsjtransit"/> Nissan's initial assembly plant [[Nissan Smyrna Assembly Plant|Smyrna assembly plant]] (which broke ground in 1980) at first built only trucks such as the [[Datsun 720|720]] and [[Nissan Hardbody Truck|Hardbody]], but has since expanded to produce several car and SUV lines, including the [[Nissan Altima|Altima]], [[Nissan Maxima|Maxima]], Rogue, Pathfinder, Infiniti QX60 and [[Nissan Leaf|LEAF]] [[all-electric car]]. The addition of mass-market automobiles was in response to the 1981 Voluntary Export Restraints imposed by the U.S. Government. An engine plant in [[Decherd, Tennessee]] followed, most recently a second assembly plant was established in [[Canton, Mississippi]]. In 1970, Teocar was created, which was a Greek assembly plant created in cooperation with Theoharakis.<ref name="ΤΕΟΚΑΡ ΑΒΕΕ">{{cite web|url= http://news247.gr/eidiseis/weekend-edition/teokar_otan_oi_iapwnes_ypoklinotan_sthn_ellada.2863142.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190123030308/https://www.news247.gr/weekend-edition/teokar-otan-oi-iapones-ypoklinotan-stin-ellada.6278052.html | title= ΤΕΟΚΑΡ: Όταν οι Ιάπωνες "υποκλίνονταν" στην Ελλάδα | trans-title = TEOKAR: When the Japanese "kowtowed" to Greece | language = el |last = Donas | first = Dimitris | publisher=news247.gr |archive-date= 2019-01-23 | date = 2014-07-28 }}</ref> It was situated in [[Volos]], Greece and its geographical location was perfect as the city had a major port. The plant started production in 1980, assembling Datsun pick-up trucks and continuing with the Nissan Cherry and Sunny automobiles. Until May 1995 170,000 vehicles were made, mainly for Greece. | In the wake of the [[1973 oil crisis]], consumers worldwide, especially in the lucrative U.S. market, began turning to high-quality small economy cars. To meet the growing demand for its new [[Nissan Sunny]], the company built new factories in Mexico (Nissan Mexicana was established in the early -1960s and commenced manufacturing in 1966 at the [[Civac|Cuernavaca assembly facility]], making it Nissan's first North American assembly plant), Australia, New Zealand, Taiwan, United States (Nissan Motor Manufacturing Corporation USA was established in 1980) and South Africa. The "[[Chicken Tax]]" of 1964 placed a 25% tax on commercial vans imported to the United States.<ref name="wsjtransit">{{cite news| title = To Outfox the Chicken Tax, Ford Strips Its Own Vans | newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |first=Matthew |last=Dolan | url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125357990638429655 | date=23 September 2009}}</ref> In response, Nissan, [[Toyota Motor Corp.]] and [[Honda|Honda Motor Co.]] began building plants in the U.S. in the early -1980s.<ref name="wsjtransit"/> Nissan's initial assembly plant [[Nissan Smyrna Assembly Plant|Smyrna assembly plant]] (which broke ground in 1980) at first built only trucks such as the [[Datsun 720|720]] and [[Nissan Hardbody Truck|Hardbody]], but has since expanded to produce several car and SUV lines, including the [[Nissan Altima|Altima]], [[Nissan Maxima|Maxima]], Rogue, Pathfinder, Infiniti QX60 and [[Nissan Leaf|LEAF]] [[all-electric car]]. The addition of mass-market automobiles was in response to the 1981 Voluntary Export Restraints imposed by the U.S. Government. An engine plant in [[Decherd, Tennessee]] followed, most recently a second assembly plant was established in [[Canton, Mississippi]]. In 1970, Teocar was created, which was a Greek assembly plant created in cooperation with Theoharakis.<ref name="ΤΕΟΚΑΡ ΑΒΕΕ">{{cite web|url= http://news247.gr/eidiseis/weekend-edition/teokar_otan_oi_iapwnes_ypoklinotan_sthn_ellada.2863142.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190123030308/https://www.news247.gr/weekend-edition/teokar-otan-oi-iapones-ypoklinotan-stin-ellada.6278052.html | title= ΤΕΟΚΑΡ: Όταν οι Ιάπωνες "υποκλίνονταν" στην Ελλάδα | trans-title = TEOKAR: When the Japanese "kowtowed" to Greece | language = el |last = Donas | first = Dimitris | publisher=news247.gr |archive-date= 2019-01-23 | date = 2014-07-28 }}</ref> It was situated in [[Volos]], Greece and its geographical location was perfect as the city had a major port. The plant started production in 1980, assembling Datsun pick-up trucks and continuing with the Nissan Cherry and Sunny automobiles. Until May 1995 170,000 vehicles were made, mainly for Greece. |
|
| By the early 1980s, Nissan (Datsun) had long been the best selling Japanese brand in Europe.<ref name=nouv>{{cite journal |journal=Le Moniteur de l'Automobile |page=28 |title=Lotus, R-R & Co |last=Fisher |first=Brian |location=Brussels, Belgium |language=fr |volume=34 |number=764 |date=10 March 1983 |ref=mon764 |publisher=Editions Auto-Magazine}}</ref> In order to overcome export tariffs and delivery costs to its European customers, Nissan contemplated establishing a plant in Europe. Nissan tried to convert the Greek plant into one manufacturing cars for all European countries.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} However, due to issues with the Greek government{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} not only did that not happen but the plant itself was closed. A joint venture with Italy's then state-owned [[Alfa Romeo]] was also entered in 1980, leading to Italian production of the [[Nissan Cherry]] and an Alfa-badged and motorized version, the [[Alfa Romeo Arna]].<ref name=Arna>{{cite news |title=Alfa Venture |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SOdUAAAAIBAJ&pg=3673,3250718 |page = 17 | work=The Age |date=22 September 1980 |access-date=19 August 2012}}</ref> After an extensive review, Nissan decided to go it alone instead. The [[City of Sunderland]] in the north east of England was chosen for its skilled workforce and its location near major ports. The plant was completed in 1986 as the subsidiary [[Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd]]. By 2007, it was producing 400,000 vehicles per year, landing it the title of the most productive plant in Europe. | By the early 1980s, Nissan (Datsun) had long been the best selling Japanese brand in Europe.<ref name=nouv>{{cite journal |journal=Le Moniteur de l'Automobile |page=28 |title=Lotus, R-R & Co |last=Fisher |first=Brian |location=Brussels, Belgium |language=fr |volume=34 |number=764 |date=10 March 1983 |ref=mon764 |publisher=Editions Auto-Magazine}}</ref> In order to overcome export tariffs and delivery costs to its European customers, Nissan contemplated establishing a plant in Europe. Nissan tried to convert the Greek plant into one manufacturing cars for all European countries.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} However, due to issues with the Greek government{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} not only did that not happen but the plant itself was closed. A joint venture with Italy's then state-owned [[Alfa Romeo]] was also entered in 1980, leading to Italian production of the [[Nissan Cherry]] and an Alfa-badged and motorized version, the [[Alfa Romeo Arna]].<ref name=Arna>{{cite news |title=Alfa Venture |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SOdUAAAAIBAJ&pg=3673,3250718 |page = 17 | work=The Age |date=22 September 1980 |access-date=19 August 2012}}</ref> After an extensive review, Nissan decided to go it alone instead. The [[City of Sunderland]] in the north east of England was chosen for its skilled workforce and its location near major ports. The plant was completed in 1986 as the subsidiary [[Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd]]. By 2007, it was producing 400,000 vehicles per year, landing it the title of the most productive plant in Europe. |
|
| 2023-02-07T14:07:37Z |
Nissan |
diff |
| | | Line 157: | Line 157: | In the 1950s, Nissan decided to expand into worldwide markets. Nissan management realized their Datsun small car line would fill an unmet need in markets such as Australia and the world's largest car market, the United States. They first showed the [[Datsun Bluebird#310/311/312 series|Datsun Bluebird]] at the 1958 [[Los Angeles Auto Show]].<ref name="NISSANCORPORATEHISTORY"/><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.datsunhistory.com/datsunhistory5.html |title=(datsunstory 5) |publisher=Datsunhistory.com |access-date=25 February 2014}}</ref> The company formed a U.S. subsidiary, [[Nissan Motor Corporation U.S.A.]], in Gardena, California<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/DOCUMENT/PDF/FF/2001/ff2001_04.pdf |title=Major Offices and Facilities <North America> |publisher=Nissan USA |date=31 March 2002 |access-date=30 October 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170202005007/http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/DOCUMENT/PDF/FF/2001/ff2001_04.pdf |archive-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> in 1960, headed by [[Yutaka Katayama]].<ref name="NISSANCORPORATEHISTORY" /> Nissan continued to improve its sedans with the latest technological advancements and chic Italianate styling in sporty cars such as the [[Datsun Fairlady]] roadsters, the race-winning [[Nissan Bluebird|411 series]], the [[Datsun 510]] and the [[Datsun 240Z]]. By 1970, Nissan had become one of the world's largest exporters of automobiles.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.autobild.es/coches/nissan/historia |title=Historia de la marca de coches Nissan |work=Autobild |date=24 May 2017 |location=Spain |language=Spanish |access-date=2021-12-12}}</ref> | In the 1950s, Nissan decided to expand into worldwide markets. Nissan management realized their Datsun small car line would fill an unmet need in markets such as Australia and the world's largest car market, the United States. They first showed the [[Datsun Bluebird#310/311/312 series|Datsun Bluebird]] at the 1958 [[Los Angeles Auto Show]].<ref name="NISSANCORPORATEHISTORY"/><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.datsunhistory.com/datsunhistory5.html |title=(datsunstory 5) |publisher=Datsunhistory.com |access-date=25 February 2014}}</ref> The company formed a U.S. subsidiary, [[Nissan Motor Corporation U.S.A.]], in Gardena, California<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/DOCUMENT/PDF/FF/2001/ff2001_04.pdf |title=Major Offices and Facilities <North America> |publisher=Nissan USA |date=31 March 2002 |access-date=30 October 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170202005007/http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/DOCUMENT/PDF/FF/2001/ff2001_04.pdf |archive-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> in 1960, headed by [[Yutaka Katayama]].<ref name="NISSANCORPORATEHISTORY" /> Nissan continued to improve its sedans with the latest technological advancements and chic Italianate styling in sporty cars such as the [[Datsun Fairlady]] roadsters, the race-winning [[Nissan Bluebird|411 series]], the [[Datsun 510]] and the [[Datsun 240Z]]. By 1970, Nissan had become one of the world's largest exporters of automobiles.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.autobild.es/coches/nissan/historia |title=Historia de la marca de coches Nissan |work=Autobild |date=24 May 2017 |location=Spain |language=Spanish |access-date=2021-12-12}}</ref> |
|
| In the wake of the [[1973 oil crisis]], consumers worldwide (especially in the lucrative U.S. market ) began turning to high-quality small economy cars. To meet the growing demand for its new [[Nissan Sunny]], the company built new factories in Mexico (Nissan Mexicana was established in the early 1960s and commenced manufacturing in 1966 at the [[Civac|Cuernavaca assembly facility]], making it Nissan's first North American assembly plant), Australia, New Zealand, Taiwan, United States (Nissan Motor Manufacturing Corporation USA was established in 1980) and South Africa. The "[[Chicken Tax]]" of 1964 placed a 25% tax on commercial vans imported to the United States.<ref name="wsjtransit">{{cite news| title = To Outfox the Chicken Tax, Ford Strips Its Own Vans | newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |first=Matthew |last=Dolan | url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125357990638429655 | date=23 September 2009}}</ref> In response, Nissan, [[Toyota Motor Corp.]] and [[Honda|Honda Motor Co.]] began building plants in the U.S. in the early 1980s.<ref name="wsjtransit"/> Nissan's initial assembly plant [[Nissan Smyrna Assembly Plant|Smyrna assembly plant]] (which broke ground in 1980) at first built only trucks such as the [[Datsun 720|720]] and [[Nissan Hardbody Truck|Hardbody]], but has since expanded to produce several car and SUV lines, including the [[Nissan Altima|Altima]], [[Nissan Maxima|Maxima]], Rogue, Pathfinder, Infiniti QX60 and [[Nissan Leaf|LEAF]] [[all-electric car]]. The addition of mass-market automobiles was in response to the 1981 Voluntary Export Restraints imposed by the U.S. Government. An engine plant in [[Decherd, Tennessee]] followed, most recently a second assembly plant was established in [[Canton, Mississippi]]. In 1970, Teocar was created, which was a Greek assembly plant created in cooperation with Theoharakis.<ref name="ΤΕΟΚΑΡ ΑΒΕΕ">{{cite web|url= http://news247.gr/eidiseis/weekend-edition/teokar_otan_oi_iapwnes_ypoklinotan_sthn_ellada.2863142.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190123030308/https://www.news247.gr/weekend-edition/teokar-otan-oi-iapones-ypoklinotan-stin-ellada.6278052.html | title= ΤΕΟΚΑΡ: Όταν οι Ιάπωνες "υποκλίνονταν" στην Ελλάδα | trans-title = TEOKAR: When the Japanese "kowtowed" to Greece | language = el |last = Donas | first = Dimitris | publisher=news247.gr |archive-date= 2019-01-23 | date = 2014-07-28 }}</ref> It was situated in [[Volos]], Greece and its geographical location was perfect as the city had a major port. The plant started production in 1980, assembling Datsun pick-up trucks and continuing with the Nissan Cherry and Sunny automobiles. Until May 1995 170,000 vehicles were made, mainly for Greece. | In the wake of the [[1973 oil crisis]], consumers worldwide , especially in the lucrative U.S. market , began turning to high-quality small economy cars. To meet the growing demand for its new [[Nissan Sunny]], the company built new factories in Mexico (Nissan Mexicana was established in the early 1960s and commenced manufacturing in 1966 at the [[Civac|Cuernavaca assembly facility]], making it Nissan's first North American assembly plant), Australia, New Zealand, Taiwan, United States (Nissan Motor Manufacturing Corporation USA was established in 1980) and South Africa. The "[[Chicken Tax]]" of 1964 placed a 25% tax on commercial vans imported to the United States.<ref name="wsjtransit">{{cite news| title = To Outfox the Chicken Tax, Ford Strips Its Own Vans | newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |first=Matthew |last=Dolan | url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125357990638429655 | date=23 September 2009}}</ref> In response, Nissan, [[Toyota Motor Corp.]] and [[Honda|Honda Motor Co.]] began building plants in the U.S. in the early 1980s.<ref name="wsjtransit"/> Nissan's initial assembly plant [[Nissan Smyrna Assembly Plant|Smyrna assembly plant]] (which broke ground in 1980) at first built only trucks such as the [[Datsun 720|720]] and [[Nissan Hardbody Truck|Hardbody]], but has since expanded to produce several car and SUV lines, including the [[Nissan Altima|Altima]], [[Nissan Maxima|Maxima]], Rogue, Pathfinder, Infiniti QX60 and [[Nissan Leaf|LEAF]] [[all-electric car]]. The addition of mass-market automobiles was in response to the 1981 Voluntary Export Restraints imposed by the U.S. Government. An engine plant in [[Decherd, Tennessee]] followed, most recently a second assembly plant was established in [[Canton, Mississippi]]. In 1970, Teocar was created, which was a Greek assembly plant created in cooperation with Theoharakis.<ref name="ΤΕΟΚΑΡ ΑΒΕΕ">{{cite web|url= http://news247.gr/eidiseis/weekend-edition/teokar_otan_oi_iapwnes_ypoklinotan_sthn_ellada.2863142.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190123030308/https://www.news247.gr/weekend-edition/teokar-otan-oi-iapones-ypoklinotan-stin-ellada.6278052.html | title= ΤΕΟΚΑΡ: Όταν οι Ιάπωνες "υποκλίνονταν" στην Ελλάδα | trans-title = TEOKAR: When the Japanese "kowtowed" to Greece | language = el |last = Donas | first = Dimitris | publisher=news247.gr |archive-date= 2019-01-23 | date = 2014-07-28 }}</ref> It was situated in [[Volos]], Greece and its geographical location was perfect as the city had a major port. The plant started production in 1980, assembling Datsun pick-up trucks and continuing with the Nissan Cherry and Sunny automobiles. Until May 1995 170,000 vehicles were made, mainly for Greece. |
|
| By the early 1980s, Nissan (Datsun) had long been the best selling Japanese brand in Europe.<ref name=nouv>{{cite journal |journal=Le Moniteur de l'Automobile |page=28 |title=Lotus, R-R & Co |last=Fisher |first=Brian |location=Brussels, Belgium |language=fr |volume=34 |number=764 |date=10 March 1983 |ref=mon764 |publisher=Editions Auto-Magazine}}</ref> In order to overcome export tariffs and delivery costs to its European customers, Nissan contemplated establishing a plant in Europe. Nissan tried to convert the Greek plant into one manufacturing cars for all European countries.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} However, due to issues with the Greek government{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} not only did that not happen but the plant itself was closed. A joint venture with Italy's then state-owned [[Alfa Romeo]] was also entered in 1980, leading to Italian production of the [[Nissan Cherry]] and an Alfa-badged and motorized version, the [[Alfa Romeo Arna]].<ref name=Arna>{{cite news |title=Alfa Venture |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SOdUAAAAIBAJ&pg=3673,3250718 |page = 17 | work=The Age |date=22 September 1980 |access-date=19 August 2012}}</ref> After an extensive review, Nissan decided to go it alone instead. The [[City of Sunderland]] in the north east of England was chosen for its skilled workforce and its location near major ports. The plant was completed in 1986 as the subsidiary [[Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd]]. By 2007, it was producing 400,000 vehicles per year, landing it the title of the most productive plant in Europe. | By the early 1980s, Nissan (Datsun) had long been the best selling Japanese brand in Europe.<ref name=nouv>{{cite journal |journal=Le Moniteur de l'Automobile |page=28 |title=Lotus, R-R & Co |last=Fisher |first=Brian |location=Brussels, Belgium |language=fr |volume=34 |number=764 |date=10 March 1983 |ref=mon764 |publisher=Editions Auto-Magazine}}</ref> In order to overcome export tariffs and delivery costs to its European customers, Nissan contemplated establishing a plant in Europe. Nissan tried to convert the Greek plant into one manufacturing cars for all European countries.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} However, due to issues with the Greek government{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} not only did that not happen but the plant itself was closed. A joint venture with Italy's then state-owned [[Alfa Romeo]] was also entered in 1980, leading to Italian production of the [[Nissan Cherry]] and an Alfa-badged and motorized version, the [[Alfa Romeo Arna]].<ref name=Arna>{{cite news |title=Alfa Venture |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SOdUAAAAIBAJ&pg=3673,3250718 |page = 17 | work=The Age |date=22 September 1980 |access-date=19 August 2012}}</ref> After an extensive review, Nissan decided to go it alone instead. The [[City of Sunderland]] in the north east of England was chosen for its skilled workforce and its location near major ports. The plant was completed in 1986 as the subsidiary [[Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd]]. By 2007, it was producing 400,000 vehicles per year, landing it the title of the most productive plant in Europe. |
|
| 2023-02-07T14:04:49Z |
Nissan |
diff |
| | | Line 132: | Line 132: | In 1952, Nissan entered into a legal agreement with Austin,<ref>Cususmano</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.nissan-global.com/GCC/Japan/History/history/index-e.html |title=The Short History of Nissan Motor Company |publisher=Nissan-global.com |access-date=25 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130802090550/http://www.nissan-global.com/GCC/Japan/History/history/index-e.html |archive-date=2 August 2013}}</ref> for Nissan to assemble 2,000 Austins from imported partially assembled sets and sell them in Japan under the Austin trademark. The agreement called for Nissan to make all Austin parts locally within three years, a goal Nissan met. Nissan produced and marketed Austins for seven years. The agreement also gave Nissan the rights to use Austin patents, which Nissan used in developing its own engines for its [[Datsun]] line of cars. In 1953, British-built Austins were assembled and sold, but by 1955, the [[Austin A50]] – completely built by Nissan and featuring a new 1489 cc engine — was on the market in Japan. Nissan produced 20,855 Austins from 1953 to 1959.<ref>Cusumano, pp 90–92</ref> | In 1952, Nissan entered into a legal agreement with Austin,<ref>Cususmano</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.nissan-global.com/GCC/Japan/History/history/index-e.html |title=The Short History of Nissan Motor Company |publisher=Nissan-global.com |access-date=25 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130802090550/http://www.nissan-global.com/GCC/Japan/History/history/index-e.html |archive-date=2 August 2013}}</ref> for Nissan to assemble 2,000 Austins from imported partially assembled sets and sell them in Japan under the Austin trademark. The agreement called for Nissan to make all Austin parts locally within three years, a goal Nissan met. Nissan produced and marketed Austins for seven years. The agreement also gave Nissan the rights to use Austin patents, which Nissan used in developing its own engines for its [[Datsun]] line of cars. In 1953, British-built Austins were assembled and sold, but by 1955, the [[Austin A50]] – completely built by Nissan and featuring a new 1489 cc engine — was on the market in Japan. Nissan produced 20,855 Austins from 1953 to 1959.<ref>Cusumano, pp 90–92</ref> |
|
| Nissan leveraged the Austin patents to further develop its own modern engine designs beyond what Austin's [[BMC A-Series engine|A-]] and [[BMC B-Series engine|B-family]] designs offered. The apex of the Austin-derived engines was the new design [[Nissan A engine|A series engine]] in 1966. In 1967, Nissan introduced its new highly advanced four-cylinder overhead cam (OHC) [[Nissan L engine]], which while similar to [[Mercedes-Benz]] OHC designs was a totally new engine designed by Nissan. This engine powered the new [[Datsun 510]], which gained Nissan respect in the worldwide [[sedan (car)|sedan]] market. Then, in 1969 Nissan introduced the [[Datsun 240Z]] sports car which used a six-cylinder variation of the [[Nissan L engine|L series]] engine, developed under Nissan Machinery (Nissan Koki Co., Ltd. [[:ja:日産工機|日産工機]]) in 1964, a former remnant of another auto manufacturer [[Tokyu Kogyo Kurogane|Kurogane]]. The [[Datsun 240Z|240Z]] was an immediate sensation and lifted Nissan to world-class status in the automobile market.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.motortrend.com/features/archive/112_9907_1970_datsun_240z/viewall.html |title=1970 Datsun 240Z – Motor Trend All Pages |date=July 1999 |publisher=Motortrend.com |access-date=25 February 2014}}</ref> | Nissan leveraged the Austin patents to further develop its own modern engine designs beyond what Austin's [[BMC A-Series engine|A-]] and [[BMC B-Series engine|B-family]] designs offered. The apex of the Austin-derived engines was the new design [[Nissan A engine|A series engine]] in 1966. In 1967, Nissan introduced its new highly advanced four-cylinder overhead cam (OHC) [[Nissan L engine]], which while similar to [[Mercedes-Benz]] OHC designs was a totally new engine designed by Nissan. This engine powered the new [[Datsun 510]], which gained Nissan respect in the worldwide [[sedan (car)|sedan]] market. Then, in 1969 , Nissan introduced the [[Datsun 240Z]] sports car which used a six-cylinder variation of the [[Nissan L engine|L series]] engine, developed under Nissan Machinery (Nissan Koki Co., Ltd. [[:ja:日産工機|日産工機]]) in 1964, a former remnant of another auto manufacturer [[Tokyu Kogyo Kurogane|Kurogane]]. The [[Datsun 240Z|240Z]] was an immediate sensation and lifted Nissan to world-class status in the automobile market.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.motortrend.com/features/archive/112_9907_1970_datsun_240z/viewall.html |title=1970 Datsun 240Z – Motor Trend All Pages |date=July 1999 |publisher=Motortrend.com |access-date=25 February 2014}}</ref> |
|
| ===100 Day Strike of 1953=== | ===100 Day Strike of 1953=== |
|
| 2023-02-07T14:01:50Z |
Nissan |
diff |
| | | Line 128: | Line 128: | [[File:1938 Austin Seven Ruby Motor Centre, Gaydon.jpg|thumb|right|Austin Seven Ruby]] | [[File:1938 Austin Seven Ruby Motor Centre, Gaydon.jpg|thumb|right|Austin Seven Ruby]] |
|
| From 1934 Datsun began to build [[Austin 7]]s under license. This operation became the greatest success of [[Austin Motor Company#1919–1939: Interwar success|Austin]]'s overseas licensing of its Seven and marked the beginning of Datsun's international success.{{citation needed|date=November 2018}} | From 1934, Datsun began to build [[Austin 7]]s under license. This operation became the greatest success of [[Austin Motor Company#1919–1939: Interwar success|Austin]]'s overseas licensing of its Seven and marked the beginning of Datsun's international success.{{citation needed|date=November 2018}} |
|
| In 1952, Nissan entered into a legal agreement with Austin,<ref>Cususmano</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.nissan-global.com/GCC/Japan/History/history/index-e.html |title=The Short History of Nissan Motor Company |publisher=Nissan-global.com |access-date=25 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130802090550/http://www.nissan-global.com/GCC/Japan/History/history/index-e.html |archive-date=2 August 2013}}</ref> for Nissan to assemble 2,000 Austins from imported partially assembled sets and sell them in Japan under the Austin trademark. The agreement called for Nissan to make all Austin parts locally within three years, a goal Nissan met. Nissan produced and marketed Austins for seven years. The agreement also gave Nissan the rights to use Austin patents, which Nissan used in developing its own engines for its [[Datsun]] line of cars. In 1953, British-built Austins were assembled and sold, but by 1955, the [[Austin A50]] – completely built by Nissan and featuring a new 1489 cc engine — was on the market in Japan. Nissan produced 20,855 Austins from 1953 to 1959.<ref>Cusumano, pp 90–92</ref> | In 1952, Nissan entered into a legal agreement with Austin,<ref>Cususmano</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.nissan-global.com/GCC/Japan/History/history/index-e.html |title=The Short History of Nissan Motor Company |publisher=Nissan-global.com |access-date=25 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130802090550/http://www.nissan-global.com/GCC/Japan/History/history/index-e.html |archive-date=2 August 2013}}</ref> for Nissan to assemble 2,000 Austins from imported partially assembled sets and sell them in Japan under the Austin trademark. The agreement called for Nissan to make all Austin parts locally within three years, a goal Nissan met. Nissan produced and marketed Austins for seven years. The agreement also gave Nissan the rights to use Austin patents, which Nissan used in developing its own engines for its [[Datsun]] line of cars. In 1953, British-built Austins were assembled and sold, but by 1955, the [[Austin A50]] – completely built by Nissan and featuring a new 1489 cc engine — was on the market in Japan. Nissan produced 20,855 Austins from 1953 to 1959.<ref>Cusumano, pp 90–92</ref> |
|
| 2023-01-27T13:04:11Z |
L'Oréal |
diff |
| | | Line 51: | Line 51: |
|
| ===Research and development facilities=== | ===Research and development facilities=== | L'Oréal has 21 worldwide research and development centers: three global centers in [[France]]: [[Aulnay-sous-Bois|Aulnay]], [[Chevilly-Larue|Chevilly]] and Saint-Ouen. Six regional poles include one in the [[United States]]: [[Clark, New Jersey|Clark]], [[New Jersey]]; one in [[Japan]]: [[Kawasaki, Kanagawa|Kawasaki]], [[Kanagawa Prefecture]]; in 2005 one was established in [[Shanghai]], [[People's Republic of China|China]], one in [[India]]: [[Mumbai]], one in [[Brazil]]: [[Rio de Janeiro]] and lastly in [[South Africa]]: [[Johannesburg]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Research and Innovation in Key Figures |url= https://www.loreal.com/en/articles/research%20innovation/2020/03/18/16/06/research%20and%20innovation%20in%20key%20figures/ |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=www.loreal.com}}</ref> | L'Oréal has 21 worldwide research and development centers: three global centers in [[France]]: [[Aulnay-sous-Bois|Aulnay]], [[Chevilly-Larue|Chevilly]] and Saint-Ouen. Six regional poles include one in the [[United States]]: [[Clark, New Jersey|Clark]], [[New Jersey]]; one in [[Japan]]: [[Kawasaki, Kanagawa|Kawasaki]], [[Kanagawa Prefecture]]; in 2005 , one was established in [[Shanghai]], [[People's Republic of China|China]], another in [[India]]: [[Mumbai]], one other regional pole in [[Brazil]]: [[Rio de Janeiro]] and , lastly , another was established in [[South Africa]]: [[Johannesburg]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Research and Innovation in Key Figures |url= https://www.loreal.com/en/articles/research%20innovation/2020/03/18/16/06/research%20and%20innovation%20in%20key%20figures/ |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=www.loreal.com}}</ref> |
|
| ===Media=== | ===Media=== |
|
| 2023-01-27T12:55:59Z |
Gucci |
diff |
| | | Line 136: | Line 136: |
|
| ===Environment=== | ===Environment=== | In 2015, Gucci launched its own [[Environmental profit and loss account|environmental profit and loss]] initiative.<ref>{{cite news|first=Scarlett|last= Conlon|date=2019-09-12|title=Gucci goes carbon neutral in attempt to tackle climate crisis|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url= https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/12/gucci-carbon-neutral-climate-crisis |access-date=2020-08-16|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> In October 2017, Gucci announced it would ban furs from its stores in 2018.<ref>David Reed, " Gucci boss says fashion label will be fur-free by 2018 {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171014234359/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/12/gucci-fur-ban-to-be-in-place-by-2018.html%7Cdate=14 October 2017}}," CNBC, 12 October 2017.</ref> In June 2018, the brand launched 'Equilibrium', its platform to communicate on its social and environmental efforts and progress.<ref>Alice Newbold, Gucci Furthers Its Commitment To Sustainability With Gucci Equilibrium, Vogue.co.uk, 5 June 2018</ref> In September 2019, Marco Bizzarri announced Gucci's intention to go entirely carbon neutral.<ref>Scarlett Conlon, Gucci goes carbon neutral in attempt to tackle climate crisis, Theguardian.com, 12 September 2019</ref> In 2020, Gucci joined the [[UNDP]]-led Lion's Share Fund to support wildlife conservation.<ref> Gucci joins The Lion’s Share Fund to support wildlife conservation, Un.org, 13 February 2020</ref> | In 2015, Gucci launched its own [[Environmental profit and loss account|environmental profit and loss]] initiative.<ref>{{cite news|first=Scarlett|last= Conlon|date=2019-09-12|title=Gucci goes carbon neutral in attempt to tackle climate crisis|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url= https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/12/gucci-carbon-neutral-climate-crisis |access-date=2020-08-16|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> In October 2017, Gucci announced it would ban furs from its stores in 2018.<ref>David Reed, " Gucci boss says fashion label will be fur-free by 2018 {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171014234359/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/12/gucci-fur-ban-to-be-in-place-by-2018.html%7Cdate=14 October 2017}}," CNBC, 12 October 2017.</ref> In June 2018, the brand launched 'Equilibrium', its platform to communicate on its social and environmental efforts and progress.<ref>Alice Newbold, Gucci Furthers Its Commitment To Sustainability With Gucci Equilibrium, Vogue.co.uk, 5 June 2018</ref> In September 2019, Marco Bizzarri announced Gucci's intention to go entirely carbon neutral.<ref>Scarlett Conlon, Gucci goes carbon neutral in attempt to tackle climate crisis, Theguardian.com, 12 September 2019</ref> In 2020, Gucci joined the [[UNDP]]-led Lion's Share Fund to support wildlife conservation.<ref> Gucci joins The Lion’s Share Fund to support wildlife conservation, Un.org, 13 February 2020 </ref> In September 2022, Gucci received the Climate Action Award due to its devotion to environmental sustainability. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leitch |first=Luke |date=27 September 2022 |title=The CNMI Sustainable Fashion Awards 2022 Closed Milan Fashion Week in Serious Style |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/the-cnmi-sustainable-fashion-awards-2022-closed-milan-fashion-week-in-serious-style |access-date=27 January 2023 |website=Vogue}}</ref> |
|
| == In popular culture == | == In popular culture == |
|
