New York University School of Medicine ‑ M.D., 1979
PGY-I, Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 1979-1980
PGY-II/III, General Adult Psychiatry, The Mount Sinai Medical Center (New York), 1980-1982
PGY-IV, General Adult Psychiatry / Research, Outpatient Service, Bronx Veterans Administration Hospital The Mount Sinai Medical Center (New York), 1982-1983
Board Certified, American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (Adult, General)