Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Союз Советских Социалистических Республик Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik | |
|---|---|
| 1922–1991 | |
 Flag
(1955–1991) .svg) State emblem
(1956–1991) | |
| Motto: "Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!" "Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'!" ("Workers of the world, unite!") | |
| Anthem: "The Internationale" "Internatsional" (1922–1944) "State Anthem of the Soviet Union"[1] "Gosudarstvennyy Gimn Sovetskogo Soyuza" (1944–1991) | |
.svg) The Soviet Union from 1945 to 1991 | |
| Capital and largest city | Moscow 55°45′N 37°37′E / 55.750°N 37.617°E |
| Official languages | Russian[a][2] |
| Recognised regional languages | |
| Minority languages | |
| Ethnic groups (1989) |
|
| Religion | Secular state[1][2] State atheism[b] |
| Demonym(s) | Soviet |
| Government |
|
| Leader | |
• 1922–1924 | Vladimir Lenin |
• 1924–1953 | Joseph Stalin |
• 1953[c] | Georgy Malenkov |
• 1953–1964 | Nikita Khrushchev |
• 1964–1982 | Leonid Brezhnev |
• 1982–1984 | Yuri Andropov |
• 1984–1985 | Konstantin Chernenko |
• 1985–1991 | Mikhail Gorbachev |
| Head of state | |
• 1922–1946 (first) | Mikhail Kalinin |
• 1988–1991 (last) | Mikhail Gorbachev |
| Head of government | |
• 1922–1924 (first) | Vladimir Lenin |
• 1991 (last) | Ivan Silayev |
| Legislature | Congress of Soviets (1922–1938) Supreme Soviet (1938–1991) |
| Soviet of Nationalities | |
| Soviet of the Union | |
| Historical era | 20th century |
| 30 December 1922 | |
• Civil War ended | 16 June 1923 |
| 22 June 1941 | |
• Victory in World War II | 9 May 1945 |
| 9 October 1977 | |
| 19–22 August 1991 | |
| 8 December 1991 | |
| 26 December 1991[3] | |
| Area | |
• Total | 22,402,200 km2 (8,649,500 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 1991 estimate | 293,000,000 (3rd) |
• Density | 8.4/km2 (21.8/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | 1990 estimate |
• Total | $2.7 trillion[11] (2nd) |
• Per capita | $9,200 |
| GDP (nominal) | 1990 estimate |
• Total | $2.7 trillion[11] (2nd) |
• Per capita | $9,200 (28th) |
| Gini (1989) | 0.275 low |
| Currency | Soviet ruble (руб) (SUR) |
| Time zone | (UTC+2 to +12) |
| Date format | dd-mm-yyyy |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +7 |
| ISO 3166 code | SU |
| Internet TLD | .su[4] |
Notes
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Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
- ^ "ARTICLE 124". Archived from the original on 2 January 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
- ^ "Article 52". Archived from the original on 16 February 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
- ^ Jan Plamper, The Stalin Cult: A Study in the Alchemy of Power (2012).
- ^ Isaac Deutscher, Stalin: A Polityical Biography (2nd edition, 1961) chapters 7-9 online
- ^ T. B. Bottomore. A Dictionary of Marxist thought. (Wiley-Blackwell, 1991). p. 54.
- ^ Historical Dictionary of Socialism. James C. Docherty, Peter Lamb. Page 85. "The Soviet Union was a one-party Marxist-Leninist state".
- ^ Ideology, Interests, and Identity Archived 21 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Stephen H. Hanson. Page 14. "the USSR was officially a Marxist-Leninist state".
- ^ The Fine Line between Enforcement of Human Rights Agreements and the Violation of National Sovereignty: The Case of Soviet Dissidents Archived 8 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Jennifer Noe Pahre. p. 336. "[...] the Soviet Union, as a Marxist-Leninist state [...]". p. 348. "The Soviet Union is a Marxist–Leninist state".
- ^ Leninist National Policy: Solution to the "National Question"? Archived 8 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Walker Connor. Page 31. "[...] four Marxist-Leninist states (the Soviet Union, China, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia)[...]".
- ^ "Law of the USSR of March 14, 1990 N 1360-I 'On the establishment of the office of the President of the USSR and the making of changes and additions to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the USSR'". Garant.ru. Archived from the original on 13 August 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
- ^ a b "GDP – Million – Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System". Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2018.