User:Pdebee/Sandbox for before & after

Introduction edit

The purpose of this user page is to enable me to experiment with improving prose extracted from existing articles in main space, without running the risk of interfering in any way with the original article, or causing edit conflicts there. It is a useful sandbox when working on particularly difficult or protracted pieces of text.

The idea is to copy the original prose into the "Before" section below and then work on it in the "After" section until it's done. This way, it's easy to refer back to the original extract in the "Before" section, while experimenting with successive changes in the "After" section. The "Sample:" section contains an extract from another article, with markup clauses to emulate when working on the "After" section.

When done, the improved text can be copied back to replace the original in the article itself in one clean edit, and the "Before" and "After" sections can then be emptied until the next project. The optional "Comments" section can be used as a notepad for reminders, or for suggestions to another editor when working on a joint project.

New table with plainlist (to copy back into Hanseatic League#Hansa Proper) edit

Changes from the original table:

  1. Applied new, fixed column width, all expressed as a subset of 100%.   Done (12:01, 14 February 2020 (UTC))
  2. Applied {{plainlist| ... }} template to all ref tags in the Refs section; this aligns the ref digits vertically, thus narrowing the column and enabling the Notes section to be wider and easier to read. The plainlist also enables ref tags to retain their original name="..." parameters.   Done (16:59, 14 February 2020 (UTC))
  3. Inserted comment block with guidance for future editors.   Done (17:33, 14 February 2020 (UTC))

Hansa Proper edit

Quarter City Territory Now From Until Notes Refs
Wendish
 
Lübeck
 
Free City of Lübeck
  Germany Capital of the Hanseatic League, capital of the Wendish and Pomeranian Circle
Wendish
 
Hamburg
 
Free City of Hamburg
  Germany
Wendish
 
Lüneburg
 
Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
  Germany
Wendish
 
Wismar
 
Duchy of Mecklenburg
  Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty (Rostocker Landfrieden) in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards).
Wendish
 
Rostock
 
Duchy of Mecklenburg
  Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards).
Wendish
 
Stralsund
 
Principality of Rügen
  Germany 1293 Rügen was a fief of the Danish crown to 1325. Stralsund joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Stralsund was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Greifswald, Demmin and Anklam.
Wendish
 
Demmin
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Demmin was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Stralsund, Greifswald and Anklam.
Wendish
 
Greifswald
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Greifswald was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Stralsund, Demmin and Anklam.
Wendish
 
Anklam
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Anklam was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Stralsund, Greifswald and Demmin.
Wendish
 
Stettin (Szczecin)
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Poland 1278 Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards); since the 14th century gradually adopted the role of a chief city for the Pomeranian Hanseatic towns to its east
Wendish
 
Pasewalk
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Germany
Wendish
 
Kolberg (Kołobrzeg)
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Poland
Wendish
 
Rügenwalde (Darłowo)
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Poland
Wendish
 
Stolp (Słupsk)
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Poland
Baltic
 
Visby
 
Kingdom of Sweden
  Sweden 1470 In 1285 at Kalmar, the League agreed with Magnus III, King of Sweden, that Gotland be joined with Sweden.[citation needed] In 1470, Visby's status was rescinded by the League, with Lübeck razing the city's churches in May 1525.
Baltic
 
Stockholm
 
Kingdom of Sweden
  Sweden
Saxon
 
Braunschweig
 
Duchy of Saxony
  Germany 13th century 17th century Capital of the Saxon, Thuringian and Brandenburg Circle
Saxon
 
Bremen
 
Free City of Bremen
  Germany 1260
Saxon
 
Magdeburg
 
Archbishopric of Magdeburg
  Germany 13th century Capital of the Saxon, Thuringian and Brandenburg Circle
Saxon
 
Goslar
 
Imperial City of Goslar
  Germany 1267 1566 Goslar was a fief of Saxony until 1280.
Saxon
 
Erfurt
 
Archbishopric of Mainz
  Germany 1430
Saxon
 
Stade
 
Archbishopric of Bremen
  Germany
Saxon
 
Berlin
 
Margraviate of Brandenburg
  Germany 1442 Brandenburg was raised to an Electorate in 1356. Elector Frederick II caused all the Brandenburg cities to leave the League in 1442.
Saxon
 
Frankfurt an der Oder
 
Margraviate of Brandenburg
  Germany 1430 1442 Elector Frederick II caused all the Brandenburg cities to leave the League in 1442.
Baltic
 
Gdańsk - Danzig (Gdańsk)
 
Teutonic Order
  Poland 1358 Capital of the Prussian, Livonian and Swedish (or East Baltic) Circle. Danzig had been first a part of the Duchy of Pomerelia, a fief of the Polish Crown, with Polish-Kashubian population, then part of the State of the Teutonic Order from 1308 until 1457. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Royal Prussia including Gdańsk was part of the Kingdom of Poland.
Baltic
 
Elbing (Elbląg)
 
Teutonic Order
  Poland 1358 Elbing had originally been part of the territory of the Old Prussians, until the 1230s when it became part of the State of the Teutonic Order. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Royal Prussia, including Elbląg was part of the Kingdom of Poland.
Baltic
 
Thorn (Toruń)
 
Teutonic Order
  Poland 1280 Toruń was part of the State of the Teutonic Order from 1233 until 1466. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Royal Prussia, including Toruń, was part of the Kingdom of Poland.
Baltic
 
Kraków
 
Kingdom of Poland
  Poland c. 1370 c. 1500 Kraków was the capital of the Kingdom of Poland, 1038–1596/1611. It adopted Magdeburg town law and 5000 Poles and 3500 Germans lived within the city proper in the 15th century; Poles steadily rose in the ranks of guild memberships reaching 41% of guild members in 1500. It was very loosely associated with Hansa, and paid no membership fees, nor sent representatives to League meetings.
Baltic
 
Breslau, (Wrocław)
 
Kingdom of Bohemia
  Poland 1387 1474 Breslau, a part of the Duchy of Breslau and the Kingdom of Bohemia, was only loosely connected to the League and paid no membership fees nor did its representatives take part in Hansa meetings
Baltic
 
Königsberg (Kaliningrad)
 
Teutonic Order
  Russia 1340 Königsberg was the capital of the Teutonic Order, becoming the capital of Ducal Prussia on the Order's secularisation in 1466. Ducal Prussia was a German principality that was a fief of the Polish crown until gaining its independence in the 1660 Treaty of Oliva. The city was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946 after East Prussia was divided between the People's Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union at the Potsdam Conference.
Baltic
 
Rīga
 
Terra Mariana (Livonia)
  Latvia 1282 During the Livonian War (1558–83), Riga became a Free imperial city until the 1581 Treaty of Drohiczyn ceded Livonia to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until the city was captured by Sweden in the Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625).
Baltic
 
Reval (Tallinn)
 
Terra Mariana (Livonia)
  Estonia 1285 On joining the Hanseatic League, Reval was a Danish fief, but was sold, with the rest of northern Estonia, to the Teutonic Order in 1346. After the Livonian War (1558–83), northern Estonia became a part of the Swedish Empire.
Baltic
 
Dorpat (Tartu)
 
Terra Mariana (Livonia)
  Estonia 1280s The Bishopric of Dorpat gained increasing autonomy within the Terra Mariana. During the Livonian War (1558–83), Dorpat fell under the rule of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, with the 1581 Treaty of Drohiczyn definitively ceding Livonia to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until the city was captured by Sweden in the Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625).
Westphalian
 
Cologne
 
Imperial City of Cologne
  Germany 1669 Capital of the Rhine-Westphalian and Netherlands Circle until after the Anglo-Hanseatic War (1470–74), when the city was prosecuted in 1475 with temporary trade sanctions (German: Verhanst) for some years for having supported England; Dortmund was made capital of the Circle. Cologne also was called "Electorate of Cologne" (German: Kurfürstentum Köln or Kurköln). In June 1669 the last Hanseday was held in the town of Lübeck by the last remaining Hanse members, amongst others Cologne.
Westphalian
 
Dortmund
 
Imperial City of Dortmund
  Germany After Cologne was excluded after the Anglo-Hanseatic War (1470–74), Dortmund was made capital of the Rhine-Westphalian and Netherlands Circle.
Westphalian
 
Deventer
 
Bishopric of Utrecht
  Netherlands 1000 1500
Westphalian
 
Kampen
 
Bishopric of Utrecht
  Netherlands 1441
Westphalian
 
Groningen
 
Friesland
  Netherlands
Westphalian
 
Münster
 
Prince-Bishopric of Münster
  Germany
Westphalian
 
Osnabrück
 
Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück
  Germany 12th century
Westphalian
 
Soest
 
Imperial City of Soest
  Germany 1609 The city was a part of the Electorate of Cologne until acquiring its freedom in 1444–49, after which it aligned with the Duchy of Cleves.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Cite error: The named reference Falke was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Natkiel was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Cite error: The named reference Keating was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Jotischky, Andrew; Caroline Hull (2005). The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Medieval World. Penguin Books. pp. 122–23. ISBN 978-0-14-101449-4.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Holborn, Hajo (1982). A History of Modern Germany: The Reformation. Princeton University Press. pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=350Qosar–UcC&pg=PA32 32, 74, 80–82. ISBN 0-691-00795-0.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Dollinger, Philippe (2000). The German Hansa. Stanford University Press. pp. ix–x. ISBN 0-8047-0742-1. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Barthold, Dr Friedrich Wilhelm (1862). Geschichte der Deutschen Hanse [History of the German Hansa]. Leizig: TD Weigel. pp. 35 and 496–97.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Schäfer, D (2010). Die deutsche Hanse [The German Hanseatic League]. Reprint-Verlag-Leipzig. pp. 37. ISBN 978-3-8262-1933-7.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Wernicke, Horst (2007). "Die Hansestädte an der Oder". In Schlögel, Karl; Halicka, Beata (eds.). Oder-Odra. Blicke auf einen europäischen Strom (in German). Lang. pp. 137–48, here p. 142. ISBN 978-3-631-56149-2.
  10. ^ a b c d Mehler, Natascha (2009). "The Perception and Interpretation of Hanseatic Material Culture in the North Atlantic: Problems and Suggestions" (PDF). Journal of the North Atlantic (Special Volume 1: Archaeologies of the Early Modern North Atlantic): 89–108. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2011.
  11. ^ "Stralsund". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Buchholz, Werner; et al. (1999). Pommern (in German). Siedler. p. 120. ISBN 3-88680-272-8.
  13. ^ "Varför ruinerades Visby" [Why is Visby ruined]. Goteinfo.com (in Swedish). Retrieved 30 April 2011.
  14. ^ Westholm, Gun. Hanseatic Sites, Routes and Monuments: A Traveler's Guide to the Past and Present. Uppsala: Gotland Centre for Baltic Studies, 1994.
  15. ^ a b c Bedford, Neil (2008). Poland. Lonely Planet. pp. 403, 436, 452 and 476. ISBN 978-1-74104-479-9.
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference Blumówna was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Alma Mater. Kraków: Jagiellonian University. 2008. p. 6.
  18. ^ Carter, Francis W. (1994). Trade and urban development in Poland. An economic geography of Cracow, from its origins to 1795, Volume 20. Cambridge studies in historical geography. Cambridge University Press. pp. 70–71, 100–02. ISBN 0-521-41239-0.
  19. ^ Jelicz, Antonina (1966). Życie codzienne w średniowiecznym Krakowie: wiek XIII–XV [Everyday life in medieval Krakow: 13th–15th century]. Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.
  20. ^ Gilewska-Dubis, Janina (2000). Życie codzienne mieszczan wrocławskich w dobie średniowiecza [Everyday life of citizens of Wrocław during medieval times]. Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie. p. 160.
  21. ^ Buśko, Cezary; Włodzimierz Suleja; Teresa Kulak (2001). Historia Wrocławia: Od pradziejów do końca czasów habsburskich [Wrocław History: From Prehistory to the end of the Habsburg era]. Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie. p. 152.
  22. ^ Turnbull, Stephen R (2004). Crusader castles of the Teutonic Knights: The stone castles of Latvia and Estonia 1185–1560. Osprey Publishing. pp. 20, 60. ISBN 978-1-84176-712-3.
  23. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Mills was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ Cite error: The named reference Mehler EPOC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  25. ^ a b ver Berkmoes, Ryan; Karla Zimmerman (2010). The Netherlands. Lonely Planet. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MkAw1f_iSEwC&pg=PA255 255]. ISBN 978-1-74104-925-1.
  26. ^ a b McDonald, George (2009). Frommer's Belgium, Holland & Luxembourg, 11th Edition. Frommers. pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=pTZJUc–TP9MC&lpg=PA134 134, 176, 397, 432–38. ISBN 978-0-470-38227-1.

New table with plainlist (to copy back into Hanseatic League#Kontore) edit

Changes from the original table:

  1. Applied new, fixed column width, all expressed as a subset of 100%.   Done (17:47, 14 February 2020 (UTC))
  2. Inserted comment block with guidance for future editors.   Done (17:47, 14 February 2020 (UTC))
  3. Applied {{plainlist| ... }} template to all ref tags in the Refs section; this aligns the ref digits vertically, thus narrowing the column and enabling the Notes section to be wider and easier to read. The plainlist also enables ref tags to retain their original name="..." parameters.   Done (18:02, 14 February 2020 (UTC))

Kontore edit

Quarter City Territory Now From Until Notes Refs
Kontor
 
Novgorod: Peterhof
 
Novgorod Republic
  Russia 1500s Novgorod was one of the principal Kontore of the League and the easternmost. In 1499, Ivan III, Grand Prince of Moscow, closed the Peterhof; it was reopened a few years later, but the League's Russian trade never recovered.
Kontor
 
Bergen: Bryggen
 
Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)
  Norway 1360 1775 Bryggen was one of the principal Kontore of the League. It was razed by accidental fire in 1476. In 1560, administration of Bryggen was placed under Norwegian administration.
Kontor
 
Bruges: Hanzekantoor
 
County of Flanders
  Belgium Bruges was one of the principal Kontore of the League until the 15th century, when the seaway to the city silted up; trade from Antwerp benefiting from Bruges's loss.
Kontor
 
London: Steelyard
 
Kingdom of England
  United Kingdom 1303 1853 The Steelyard was one of the principal Kontore of the League. King Edward I granted a Carta Mercatoria in 1303. The Steelyard was destroyed in 1469 and Edward IV exempted Cologne merchants, leading to the Anglo-Hanseatic War (1470–74). The Treaty of Utrecht, sealing the peace, led to the League purchasing the Steelyard outright in 1475, with Edward having renewed the League's privileges without insisting on reciprocal rights for English merchants in the Baltic. London merchants persuaded Elizabeth I to rescind the League's privileges on 13 January 1598; while the Steelyard was re-established by James I, the advantage never returned. Consulates continued however, providing communication during the Napoleonic Wars, and the Hanseatic interest was only sold in 1853.
Kontor
 
Antwerp
 
Duchy of Brabant
  Belgium Antwerp became a major Kontor of the League, particularly after the seaway to Bruges silted up in the 15th century, leading to its fortunes waning in Antwerp's favour, despite Antwerp's refusal to grant special privileges to the League's merchants. Between 1312 and 1406, Antwerp was a margraviate, independent of Brabant.
Kontor Bishop's Lynn (King's Lynn)
 
Kingdom of England
  United Kingdom 1751 The Hanseatic Warehouse was constructed in 1475 as part of the Treaty of Utrecht, allowing the League to establish a trading depot in Lynn for the first time. It is the only surviving League building in England.
Kontor
 
Ipswich
 
Kingdom of England
  United Kingdom Ipswich was a headport with jurisdiction over Colchester, Maldon and Harwich. In the 14th century, traders from Ipswich experienced problems when engaged in Hansa port sin the Blatic, with occasions when they were subject to mass arrests and seizure of goods. However during the 15th century more positive relations developed with Hansa merchants from Cologne. However by 1451 Ipswich bailiffs seized hanseatic ships and in 1456 hanseatic merchants complained of their ships being attacked and prevented from leaving the port. During the Anglo-Hanseatic War, Cologne merchants opposed the war and were suspended from the league. However when the war was brought to an end by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1474, the trade with Cologne declined and by the end of the century the hanseatic trade in Ipswich was very limited.[12]
Kontor
 
Malmö
 
Kingdom of Denmark
  Sweden 15th century Skåne (Scania) was Danish until ceded to Sweden by the 1658 Treaty of Roskilde, during the Second Northern War.
Kontor
 
Falsterbo
 
Kingdom of Denmark
  Sweden 15th century Skåne was Danish until ceded to Sweden by the 1658 Treaty of Roskilde, during the Second Northern War.
Kontor
 
Kaunas
 
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
  Lithuania 1441 In 1398 traders guild with close ties to Hanseatic league appeared in Kaunas. Treaty with Hanseatic league was signed in 1441. The main office was located in the House of Perkūnas from 1441 till 1532.
Kontor
 
Pleskau (Pskov)
 
Pskov Republic
  Russia In the 12th and 13th centuries, Pskov adhered to the Novgorod Republic. It was captured by the Teutonic Order in 1241 and liberated by a Lithuanian prince, becoming a de facto sovereign republic by the 14th century.
Kontor
 
Polotsk
 
Principality of Polotsk
  Belarus Polotsk was an autonomous principality of Kievan Rus' until gaining its independence in 1021. From 1240, it became a vassal of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, being fully integrated into the Grand Duchy in 1307.

References

  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Natkiel was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Keating was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Cite error: The named reference Penguin was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference Holborn was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Mehler JNA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Mehler, Natascha (2011). "Hansefahrer im hohen Norden" (PDF). epoc (2): 16–25, particularly 20 and 21. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2011.
  7. ^ a b   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domainChisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Hanseatic League". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  8. ^ Mehler, Natascha (April 2009). "HANSA: The Hanseatic Expansion in the North Atlantic". University of Vienna. Archived from the original on 27 July 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference McDonald was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference Dollinger2000 tensions was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ a b Ward, Adolphus William. Collected Papers Historical, Literary, Travel and Miscellaneous. pp. 95, 391.
  12. ^ a b Grimwade, Patricia (2019). Ipswich: A Hanseatic Port. Ipswich: Ipswich Maritime Trust.
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference Mills was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

Before edit

Hansa Proper edit

Quarter City Territory Now From Until Notes Refs
Wendish
 
Lübeck
 
Free City of Lübeck
  Germany Capital of the Hanseatic League, capital of the Wendish and Pomeranian Circle [1][2][3]: 47, 120 [4][5]: 74, 82 [6]
Wendish
 
Hamburg
 
Free City of Hamburg
  Germany [1][3]: 47 [4][5]: 82 [7]
Wendish
 
Lüneburg
 
Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
  Germany [1][4][6][7][8]
Wendish
 
Wismar
 
Duchy of Mecklenburg
  Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty (Rostocker Landfrieden) in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). [1][4][5]: 82 [6][7][9]
Wendish
 
Rostock
 
Duchy of Mecklenburg
  Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). [1][4][5]: 82 [6][7][9][10]
Wendish
 
Stralsund
 
Principality of Rügen
  Germany 1293 Rügen was a fief of the Danish crown to 1325. Stralsund joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Stralsund was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Greifswald, Demmin and Anklam. [1][4][6][7][9][11]
Wendish
 
Demmin
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Demmin was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Stralsund, Greifswald and Anklam. [1][6][9][12]
Wendish
 
Greifswald
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Greifswald was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Stralsund, Demmin and Anklam. [1][6][7][9][12]
Wendish
 
Anklam
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Anklam was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Stralsund, Greifswald and Demmin. [1][6][9][12]
Wendish
 
Stettin (Szczecin)
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Poland 1278 Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards); since the 14th century gradually adopted the role of a chief city for the Pomeranian Hanseatic towns to its east [1][3]: 120 [4][6][8][9]
Wendish
 
Pasewalk
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Germany
Wendish
 
Kolberg (Kołobrzeg)
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Poland [1][6][8][12]
Wendish
 
Rügenwalde (Darłowo)
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Poland [1][6][7][8][12]
Wendish
 
Stolp (Słupsk)
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Poland [6][8][12]
Baltic
 
Visby
 
Kingdom of Sweden
  Sweden 1470 In 1285 at Kalmar, the League agreed with Magnus III, King of Sweden, that Gotland be joined with Sweden.[citation needed] In 1470, Visby's status was rescinded by the League, with Lübeck razing the city's churches in May 1525. [1][4][6][13]
Baltic
 
Stockholm
 
Kingdom of Sweden
  Sweden [4][6]
Saxon
 
Braunschweig
 
Duchy of Saxony
  Germany 13th century 17th century Capital of the Saxon, Thuringian and Brandenburg Circle [1][2][4][6][7][8]
Saxon
 
Bremen
 
Free City of Bremen
  Germany 1260 [1][4][6][7][10]
Saxon
 
Magdeburg
 
Archbishopric of Magdeburg
  Germany 13th century Capital of the Saxon, Thuringian and Brandenburg Circle [1][4][6][7][8]
Saxon
 
Goslar
 
Imperial City of Goslar
  Germany 1267 1566 Goslar was a fief of Saxony until 1280. [1][4][6][7][8]
Saxon
 
Erfurt
 
Archbishopric of Mainz
  Germany 1430 [1][4][14]
Saxon
 
Stade
 
Archbishopric of Bremen
  Germany [1][7]
Saxon
 
Berlin
 
Margraviate of Brandenburg
  Germany 1442 Brandenburg was raised to an Electorate in 1356. Elector Frederick II caused all the Brandenburg cities to leave the League in 1442. [3]: 120 [4][5]: 32 [6][8]
Saxon
 
Frankfurt an der Oder
 
Margraviate of Brandenburg
  Germany 1430 1442 Elector Frederick II caused all the Brandenburg cities to leave the League in 1442. [4][5]: 32 [6][8]
Baltic
 
Gdańsk - Danzig (Gdańsk)
 
Teutonic Order
  Poland 1358 Capital of the Prussian, Livonian and Swedish (or East Baltic) Circle. Danzig had been first a part of the Duchy of Pomerelia, a fief of the Polish Crown, with Polish-Kashubian population, then part of the State of the Teutonic Order from 1308 until 1457. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Royal Prussia including Gdańsk was part of the Kingdom of Poland. [1][2][3]: 120 [4][5]: 81 [6][7][8][15]: 403 
Baltic
 
Elbing (Elbląg)
 
Teutonic Order
  Poland 1358 Elbing had originally been part of the territory of the Old Prussians, until the 1230s when it became part of the State of the Teutonic Order. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Royal Prussia, including Elbląg was part of the Kingdom of Poland. [1][4][6][7][8][15]: 452 
Baltic
 
Thorn (Toruń)
 
Teutonic Order
  Poland 1280 Toruń was part of the State of the Teutonic Order from 1233 until 1466. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Royal Prussia, including Toruń, was part of the Kingdom of Poland. [1][4][6][8][15]: 436 
Baltic
 
Kraków
 
Kingdom of Poland
  Poland c. 1370 c. 1500 Kraków was the capital of the Kingdom of Poland, 1038–1596/1611. It adopted Magdeburg town law and 5000 Poles and 3500 Germans lived within the city proper in the 15th century; Poles steadily rose in the ranks of guild memberships reaching 41% of guild members in 1500. It was very loosely associated with Hansa, and paid no membership fees, nor sent representatives to League meetings. [16][4][6][8][17][18][19]
Baltic
 
Breslau, (Wrocław)
 
Kingdom of Bohemia
  Poland 1387 1474 Breslau, a part of the Duchy of Breslau and the Kingdom of Bohemia, was only loosely connected to the League and paid no membership fees nor did its representatives take part in Hansa meetings [4][6][8][20][21]
Baltic
 
Königsberg (Kaliningrad)
 
Teutonic Order
  Russia 1340 Königsberg was the capital of the Teutonic Order, becoming the capital of Ducal Prussia on the Order's secularisation in 1466. Ducal Prussia was a German principality that was a fief of the Polish crown until gaining its independence in the 1660 Treaty of Oliva. The city was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946 after East Prussia was divided between the People's Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union at the Potsdam Conference. [1][4][6][8]
Baltic
 
Rīga
 
Terra Mariana (Livonia)
  Latvia 1282 During the Livonian War (1558–83), Riga became a Free imperial city until the 1581 Treaty of Drohiczyn ceded Livonia to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until the city was captured by Sweden in the Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625). [1][4][5]: 82 [6][7][8][22]: 20 
Baltic
 
Reval (Tallinn)
 
Terra Mariana (Livonia)
  Estonia 1285 On joining the Hanseatic League, Reval was a Danish fief, but was sold, with the rest of northern Estonia, to the Teutonic Order in 1346. After the Livonian War (1558–83), northern Estonia became a part of the Swedish Empire. [23][1][3]: 47 [4][5]: 81 [6][8]
Baltic
 
Dorpat (Tartu)
 
Terra Mariana (Livonia)
  Estonia 1280s The Bishopric of Dorpat gained increasing autonomy within the Terra Mariana. During the Livonian War (1558–83), Dorpat fell under the rule of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, with the 1581 Treaty of Drohiczyn definitively ceding Livonia to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until the city was captured by Sweden in the Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625). [23][1][4][6][8]
Westphalian
 
Cologne
 
Imperial City of Cologne
  Germany 1669 Capital of the Rhine-Westphalian and Netherlands Circle until after the Anglo-Hanseatic War (1470–74), when the city was prosecuted in 1475 with temporary trade sanctions (German: Verhanst) for some years for having supported England; Dortmund was made capital of the Circle. Cologne also was called "Electorate of Cologne" (German: Kurfürstentum Köln or Kurköln). In June 1669 the last Hanseday was held in the town of Lübeck by the last remaining Hanse members, amongst others Cologne. [1][2][3]: 120 [4][6][7]
Westphalian
 
Dortmund
 
Imperial City of Dortmund
  Germany After Cologne was excluded after the Anglo-Hanseatic War (1470–74), Dortmund was made capital of the Rhine-Westphalian and Netherlands Circle. [1][4][5]: 82 [6][7][8]
Westphalian
 
Deventer
 
Bishopric of Utrecht
  Netherlands 1000 1500 [1][4][6][7][10][24][25][26]: 438 
Westphalian
 
Kampen
 
Bishopric of Utrecht
  Netherlands 1441 [1][4][6][7][25][26]: 433 
Westphalian
 
Groningen
 
Friesland
  Netherlands [1][4][6][10]
Westphalian
 
Münster
 
Prince-Bishopric of Münster
  Germany [1][5]: 82 [6][7][8]
Westphalian
 
Osnabrück
 
Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück
  Germany 12th century [1][4][6][7][8]
Westphalian
 
Soest
 
Imperial City of Soest
  Germany 1609 The city was a part of the Electorate of Cologne until acquiring its freedom in 1444–49, after which it aligned with the Duchy of Cleves. [1][4][5]: 82 [6][7][8]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Cite error: The named reference Falke was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Natkiel was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Cite error: The named reference Keating was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Jotischky, Andrew; Caroline Hull (2005). The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Medieval World. Penguin Books. pp. 122–23. ISBN 978-0-14-101449-4.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Holborn, Hajo (1982). A History of Modern Germany: The Reformation. Princeton University Press. pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=350Qosar–UcC&pg=PA32 32, 74, 80–82. ISBN 0-691-00795-0.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Dollinger, Philippe (2000). The German Hansa. Stanford University Press. pp. ix–x. ISBN 0-8047-0742-1. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Barthold, Dr Friedrich Wilhelm (1862). Geschichte der Deutschen Hanse [History of the German Hansa]. Leizig: TD Weigel. pp. 35 and 496–97.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Schäfer, D (2010). Die deutsche Hanse [The German Hanseatic League]. Reprint-Verlag-Leipzig. pp. 37. ISBN 978-3-8262-1933-7.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Wernicke, Horst (2007). "Die Hansestädte an der Oder". In Schlögel, Karl; Halicka, Beata (eds.). Oder-Odra. Blicke auf einen europäischen Strom (in German). Lang. pp. 137–48, here p. 142. ISBN 978-3-631-56149-2.
  10. ^ a b c d Mehler, Natascha (2009). "The Perception and Interpretation of Hanseatic Material Culture in the North Atlantic: Problems and Suggestions" (PDF). Journal of the North Atlantic (Special Volume 1: Archaeologies of the Early Modern North Atlantic): 89–108. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2011.
  11. ^ "Stralsund". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Buchholz, Werner; et al. (1999). Pommern (in German). Siedler. p. 120. ISBN 3-88680-272-8.
  13. ^ "Varför ruinerades Visby" [Why is Visby ruined]. Goteinfo.com (in Swedish). Retrieved 30 April 2011.
  14. ^ Westholm, Gun. Hanseatic Sites, Routes and Monuments: A Traveler's Guide to the Past and Present. Uppsala: Gotland Centre for Baltic Studies, 1994.
  15. ^ a b c Bedford, Neil (2008). Poland. Lonely Planet. pp. 403, 436, 452 and 476. ISBN 978-1-74104-479-9.
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference Blumówna was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Alma Mater. Kraków: Jagiellonian University. 2008. p. 6.
  18. ^ Carter, Francis W. (1994). Trade and urban development in Poland. An economic geography of Cracow, from its origins to 1795, Volume 20. Cambridge studies in historical geography. Cambridge University Press. pp. 70–71, 100–02. ISBN 0-521-41239-0.
  19. ^ Jelicz, Antonina (1966). Życie codzienne w średniowiecznym Krakowie: wiek XIII–XV [Everyday life in medieval Krakow: 13th–15th century]. Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.
  20. ^ Gilewska-Dubis, Janina (2000). Życie codzienne mieszczan wrocławskich w dobie średniowiecza [Everyday life of citizens of Wrocław during medieval times]. Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie. p. 160.
  21. ^ Buśko, Cezary; Włodzimierz Suleja; Teresa Kulak (2001). Historia Wrocławia: Od pradziejów do końca czasów habsburskich [Wrocław History: From Prehistory to the end of the Habsburg era]. Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie. p. 152.
  22. ^ Turnbull, Stephen R (2004). Crusader castles of the Teutonic Knights: The stone castles of Latvia and Estonia 1185–1560. Osprey Publishing. pp. 20, 60. ISBN 978-1-84176-712-3.
  23. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Mills was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ Cite error: The named reference Mehler EPOC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  25. ^ a b ver Berkmoes, Ryan; Karla Zimmerman (2010). The Netherlands. Lonely Planet. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MkAw1f_iSEwC&pg=PA255 255]. ISBN 978-1-74104-925-1.
  26. ^ a b McDonald, George (2009). Frommer's Belgium, Holland & Luxembourg, 11th Edition. Frommers. pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=pTZJUc–TP9MC&lpg=PA134 134, 176, 397, 432–38. ISBN 978-0-470-38227-1.

After, with line breaks edit

Using line breaks aligns the ref digits vertically and thus succeeds in narrowing the Refs column. However, this method:
"breaches Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility #Bulleted vertical lists: "Do not separate list items with line breaks (<br>). Use {{plainlist}} / {{unbulleted list}} ..."." (See: Help:Citation merging#Syntax.)

Hansa Proper edit

Quarter City Territory Now From Until Notes Refs
Wendish
 
Lübeck
 
Free City of Lübeck
  Germany Capital of the Hanseatic League, capital of the Wendish and Pomeranian Circle [1]

[2]
[3]: 47, 120 
[4]
[5]: 74, 82 
[6]

Wendish
 
Hamburg
 
Free City of Hamburg
  Germany [1]

[3]: 47 
[4]
[5]: 82 
[7]

Wendish
 
Lüneburg
 
Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
  Germany [1]

[4]
[6]
[7]
[8]

Wendish
 
Wismar
 
Duchy of Mecklenburg
  Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty (Rostocker Landfrieden) in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). [1]

[4]
[5]: 82 
[6]
[7]
[9]

Wendish
 
Rostock
 
Duchy of Mecklenburg
  Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). [1]

[4]
[5]: 82 
[6]
[7]
[9]
[10]

Wendish
 
Stralsund
 
Principality of Rügen
  Germany 1293 Rügen was a fief of the Danish crown to 1325. Stralsund joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Stralsund was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Greifswald, Demmin and Anklam. [1]

[4]
[6]
[7]
[9]
[11]

Wendish
 
Demmin
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Demmin was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Stralsund, Greifswald and Anklam. [1]

[6]
[9]
[12]

Wendish
 
Greifswald
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Greifswald was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Stralsund, Demmin and Anklam. [1]

[6]
[7]
[9]
[12]

Wendish
 
Anklam
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Anklam was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Stralsund, Greifswald and Demmin. [1]

[6]
[9]
[12]

Wendish
 
Stettin (Szczecin)
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Poland 1278 Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards); since the 14th century gradually adopted the role of a chief city for the Pomeranian Hanseatic towns to its east [1]

[3]: 120 
[4]
[6]
[8]
[9]

Wendish
 
Pasewalk
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Germany
Wendish
 
Kolberg (Kołobrzeg)
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Poland [1]

[6]
[8]
[12]

Wendish
 
Rügenwalde (Darłowo)
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Poland [1]

[6]
[7]
[8]
[12]

Wendish
 
Stolp (Słupsk)
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Poland [6]

[8]
[12]

Baltic
 
Visby
 
Kingdom of Sweden
  Sweden 1470 In 1285 at Kalmar, the League agreed with Magnus III, King of Sweden, that Gotland be joined with Sweden.[citation needed] In 1470, Visby's status was rescinded by the League, with Lübeck razing the city's churches in May 1525. [1]

[4]
[6]
[13]

Baltic
 
Stockholm
 
Kingdom of Sweden
  Sweden [4]

[6]

Saxon
 
Braunschweig
 
Duchy of Saxony
  Germany 13th century 17th century Capital of the Saxon, Thuringian and Brandenburg Circle [1]

[2]
[4]
[6]
[7]
[8]

Saxon
 
Bremen
 
Free City of Bremen
  Germany 1260 [1]

[4]
[6]
[7]
[10]

Saxon
 
Magdeburg
 
Archbishopric of Magdeburg
  Germany 13th century Capital of the Saxon, Thuringian and Brandenburg Circle [1]

[4]
[6]
[7]
[8]

Saxon
 
Goslar
 
Imperial City of Goslar
  Germany 1267 1566 Goslar was a fief of Saxony until 1280. [1]

[4]
[6]
[7]
[8]

Saxon
 
Erfurt
 
Archbishopric of Mainz
  Germany 1430 [1]

[4]
[14]

Saxon
 
Stade
 
Archbishopric of Bremen
  Germany [1]

[7]

Saxon
 
Berlin
 
Margraviate of Brandenburg
  Germany 1442 Brandenburg was raised to an Electorate in 1356. Elector Frederick II caused all the Brandenburg cities to leave the League in 1442. [3]: 120 

[4]
[5]: 32 
[6]
[8]

Saxon
 
Frankfurt an der Oder
 
Margraviate of Brandenburg
  Germany 1430 1442 Elector Frederick II caused all the Brandenburg cities to leave the League in 1442. [4]

[5]: 32 
[6]
[8]

Baltic
 
Gdańsk - Danzig (Gdańsk)
 
Teutonic Order
  Poland 1358 Capital of the Prussian, Livonian and Swedish (or East Baltic) Circle. Danzig had been first a part of the Duchy of Pomerelia, a fief of the Polish Crown, with Polish-Kashubian population, then part of the State of the Teutonic Order from 1308 until 1457. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Royal Prussia including Gdańsk was part of the Kingdom of Poland. [1]

[2]
[3]: 120 
[4]
[5]: 81 
[6]
[7]
[8]
[15]: 403 

Baltic
 
Elbing (Elbląg)
 
Teutonic Order
  Poland 1358 Elbing had originally been part of the territory of the Old Prussians, until the 1230s when it became part of the State of the Teutonic Order. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Royal Prussia, including Elbląg was part of the Kingdom of Poland. [1]

[4]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[15]: 452 

Baltic
 
Thorn (Toruń)
 
Teutonic Order
  Poland 1280 Toruń was part of the State of the Teutonic Order from 1233 until 1466. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Royal Prussia, including Toruń, was part of the Kingdom of Poland. [1]

[4]
[6]
[8]
[15]: 436 

Baltic
 
Kraków
 
Kingdom of Poland
  Poland c. 1370 c. 1500 Kraków was the capital of the Kingdom of Poland, 1038–1596/1611. It adopted Magdeburg town law and 5000 Poles and 3500 Germans lived within the city proper in the 15th century; Poles steadily rose in the ranks of guild memberships reaching 41% of guild members in 1500. It was very loosely associated with Hansa, and paid no membership fees, nor sent representatives to League meetings. [16]

[4]
[6]
[8]
[17]
[18]
[19]

Baltic
 
Breslau, (Wrocław)
 
Kingdom of Bohemia
  Poland 1387 1474 Breslau, a part of the Duchy of Breslau and the Kingdom of Bohemia, was only loosely connected to the League and paid no membership fees nor did its representatives take part in Hansa meetings [4]

[6]
[8]
[20]
[21]

Baltic
 
Königsberg (Kaliningrad)
 
Teutonic Order
  Russia 1340 Königsberg was the capital of the Teutonic Order, becoming the capital of Ducal Prussia on the Order's secularisation in 1466. Ducal Prussia was a German principality that was a fief of the Polish crown until gaining its independence in the 1660 Treaty of Oliva. The city was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946 after East Prussia was divided between the People's Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union at the Potsdam Conference. [1]

[4]
[6]
[8]

Baltic
 
Rīga
 
Terra Mariana (Livonia)
  Latvia 1282 During the Livonian War (1558–83), Riga became a Free imperial city until the 1581 Treaty of Drohiczyn ceded Livonia to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until the city was captured by Sweden in the Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625). [1]

[4]
[5]: 82 
[6]
[7]
[8]
[22]: 20 

Baltic
 
Reval (Tallinn)
 
Terra Mariana (Livonia)
  Estonia 1285 On joining the Hanseatic League, Reval was a Danish fief, but was sold, with the rest of northern Estonia, to the Teutonic Order in 1346. After the Livonian War (1558–83), northern Estonia became a part of the Swedish Empire. [23]

[1]
[3]: 47 
[4]
[5]: 81 
[6]
[8]

Baltic
 
Dorpat (Tartu)
 
Terra Mariana (Livonia)
  Estonia 1280s The Bishopric of Dorpat gained increasing autonomy within the Terra Mariana. During the Livonian War (1558–83), Dorpat fell under the rule of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, with the 1581 Treaty of Drohiczyn definitively ceding Livonia to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until the city was captured by Sweden in the Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625). [23]

[1]
[4]
[6]
[8]

Westphalian
 
Cologne
 
Imperial City of Cologne
  Germany 1669 Capital of the Rhine-Westphalian and Netherlands Circle until after the Anglo-Hanseatic War (1470–74), when the city was prosecuted in 1475 with temporary trade sanctions (German: Verhanst) for some years for having supported England; Dortmund was made capital of the Circle. Cologne also was called "Electorate of Cologne" (German: Kurfürstentum Köln or Kurköln). In June 1669 the last Hanseday was held in the town of Lübeck by the last remaining Hanse members, amongst others Cologne. [1]

[2]
[3]: 120 
[4]
[6]
[7]

Westphalian
 
Dortmund
 
Imperial City of Dortmund
  Germany After Cologne was excluded after the Anglo-Hanseatic War (1470–74), Dortmund was made capital of the Rhine-Westphalian and Netherlands Circle. [1]

[4]
[5]: 82 
[6]
[7][8]

Westphalian
 
Deventer
 
Bishopric of Utrecht
  Netherlands 1000 1500 [1]

[4]
[6]
[7]
[10]
[24]
[25]
[26]: 438 

Westphalian
 
Kampen
 
Bishopric of Utrecht
  Netherlands 1441 [1]

[4]
[6]
[7]
[25]
[26]: 433 

Westphalian
 
Groningen
 
Friesland
  Netherlands [1]

[4]
[6]
[10]

Westphalian
 
Münster
 
Prince-Bishopric of Münster
  Germany [1]

[5]: 82 
[6]
[7]
[8]

Westphalian
 
Osnabrück
 
Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück
  Germany 12th century [1]

[4]
[6]
[7]
[8]

Westphalian
 
Soest
 
Imperial City of Soest
  Germany 1609 The city was a part of the Electorate of Cologne until acquiring its freedom in 1444–49, after which it aligned with the Duchy of Cleves. [1]

[4]
[5]: 82 
[6]
[7]
[8]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Cite error: The named reference Falke was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Natkiel was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Cite error: The named reference Keating was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Jotischky, Andrew; Caroline Hull (2005). The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Medieval World. Penguin Books. pp. 122–23. ISBN 978-0-14-101449-4.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Holborn, Hajo (1982). A History of Modern Germany: The Reformation. Princeton University Press. pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=350Qosar–UcC&pg=PA32 32, 74, 80–82. ISBN 0-691-00795-0.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Dollinger, Philippe (2000). The German Hansa. Stanford University Press. pp. ix–x. ISBN 0-8047-0742-1. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Barthold, Dr Friedrich Wilhelm (1862). Geschichte der Deutschen Hanse [History of the German Hansa]. Leizig: TD Weigel. pp. 35 and 496–97.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Schäfer, D (2010). Die deutsche Hanse [The German Hanseatic League]. Reprint-Verlag-Leipzig. pp. 37. ISBN 978-3-8262-1933-7.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Wernicke, Horst (2007). "Die Hansestädte an der Oder". In Schlögel, Karl; Halicka, Beata (eds.). Oder-Odra. Blicke auf einen europäischen Strom (in German). Lang. pp. 137–48, here p. 142. ISBN 978-3-631-56149-2.
  10. ^ a b c d Mehler, Natascha (2009). "The Perception and Interpretation of Hanseatic Material Culture in the North Atlantic: Problems and Suggestions" (PDF). Journal of the North Atlantic (Special Volume 1: Archaeologies of the Early Modern North Atlantic): 89–108. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2011.
  11. ^ "Stralsund". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Buchholz, Werner; et al. (1999). Pommern (in German). Siedler. p. 120. ISBN 3-88680-272-8.
  13. ^ "Varför ruinerades Visby" [Why is Visby ruined]. Goteinfo.com (in Swedish). Retrieved 30 April 2011.
  14. ^ Westholm, Gun. Hanseatic Sites, Routes and Monuments: A Traveler's Guide to the Past and Present. Uppsala: Gotland Centre for Baltic Studies, 1994.
  15. ^ a b c Bedford, Neil (2008). Poland. Lonely Planet. pp. 403, 436, 452 and 476. ISBN 978-1-74104-479-9.
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference Blumówna was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Alma Mater. Kraków: Jagiellonian University. 2008. p. 6.
  18. ^ Carter, Francis W. (1994). Trade and urban development in Poland. An economic geography of Cracow, from its origins to 1795, Volume 20. Cambridge studies in historical geography. Cambridge University Press. pp. 70–71, 100–02. ISBN 0-521-41239-0.
  19. ^ Jelicz, Antonina (1966). Życie codzienne w średniowiecznym Krakowie: wiek XIII–XV [Everyday life in medieval Krakow: 13th–15th century]. Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.
  20. ^ Gilewska-Dubis, Janina (2000). Życie codzienne mieszczan wrocławskich w dobie średniowiecza [Everyday life of citizens of Wrocław during medieval times]. Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie. p. 160.
  21. ^ Buśko, Cezary; Włodzimierz Suleja; Teresa Kulak (2001). Historia Wrocławia: Od pradziejów do końca czasów habsburskich [Wrocław History: From Prehistory to the end of the Habsburg era]. Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie. p. 152.
  22. ^ Turnbull, Stephen R (2004). Crusader castles of the Teutonic Knights: The stone castles of Latvia and Estonia 1185–1560. Osprey Publishing. pp. 20, 60. ISBN 978-1-84176-712-3.
  23. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Mills was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ Cite error: The named reference Mehler EPOC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  25. ^ a b ver Berkmoes, Ryan; Karla Zimmerman (2010). The Netherlands. Lonely Planet. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MkAw1f_iSEwC&pg=PA255 255]. ISBN 978-1-74104-925-1.
  26. ^ a b McDonald, George (2009). Frommer's Belgium, Holland & Luxembourg, 11th Edition. Frommers. pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=pTZJUc–TP9MC&lpg=PA134 134, 176, 397, 432–38. ISBN 978-0-470-38227-1.

After, with exact % in all cols, plus 'nowrap' in all cols except 'Refs' column edit

In this example, I have reused the original table (shown above, in section 'Before') and simply changed the code to force all columns to a specific % value each (totalling 100%, of course) of the whole table (itself set at a total width of 100%), and I coded the 'nowrap' parameter for all columns, except for the Refs column, which is the only one that I do want to wrap.

Result: I must be doing something wrong, because it does not make any difference at all. Surely, this should do it? Interestingly, the system did not issue an error message when I hard-coded:

! class="unsortable" style="width: 5%; white-space: wrap;" | Refs ...
... as if the wrap parameter was supported, even though it isn't mentioned anywhere I've looked!

Hansa Proper edit

Quarter City Territory Now From Until Notes Refs
Wendish
 
Lübeck
 
Free City of Lübeck
  Germany Capital of the Hanseatic League, capital of the Wendish and Pomeranian Circle [1][2][3]: 47, 120 [4][5]: 74, 82 [6]
Wendish
 
Hamburg
 
Free City of Hamburg
  Germany [1][3]: 47 [4][5]: 82 [7]
Wendish
 
Lüneburg
 
Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
  Germany [1][4][6][7][8]
Wendish
 
Wismar
 
Duchy of Mecklenburg
  Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty (Rostocker Landfrieden) in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). [1][4][5]: 82 [6][7][9]
Wendish
 
Rostock
 
Duchy of Mecklenburg
  Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). [1][4][5]: 82 [6][7][9][10]
Wendish
 
Stralsund
 
Principality of Rügen
  Germany 1293 Rügen was a fief of the Danish crown to 1325. Stralsund joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Stralsund was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Greifswald, Demmin and Anklam. [1][4][6][7][9][11]
Wendish
 
Demmin
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Demmin was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Stralsund, Greifswald and Anklam. [1][6][9][12]
Wendish
 
Greifswald
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Greifswald was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Stralsund, Demmin and Anklam. [1][6][7][9][12]
Wendish
 
Anklam
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Anklam was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Stralsund, Greifswald and Demmin. [1][6][9][12]
Wendish
 
Stettin (Szczecin)
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Poland 1278 Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards); since the 14th century gradually adopted the role of a chief city for the Pomeranian Hanseatic towns to its east [1][3]: 120 [4][6][8][9]
Wendish
 
Pasewalk
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Germany
Wendish
 
Kolberg (Kołobrzeg)
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Poland [1][6][8][12]
Wendish
 
Rügenwalde (Darłowo)
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Poland [1][6][7][8][12]
Wendish
 
Stolp (Słupsk)
 
Duchy of Pomerania
  Poland [6][8][12]
Baltic
 
Visby
 
Kingdom of Sweden
  Sweden 1470 In 1285 at Kalmar, the League agreed with Magnus III, King of Sweden, that Gotland be joined with Sweden.[citation needed] In 1470, Visby's status was rescinded by the League, with Lübeck razing the city's churches in May 1525. [1][4][6][13]
Baltic
 
Stockholm
 
Kingdom of Sweden
  Sweden [4][6]
Saxon
 
Braunschweig
 
Duchy of Saxony
  Germany 13th century 17th century Capital of the Saxon, Thuringian and Brandenburg Circle [1][2][4][6][7][8]
Saxon
 
Bremen
 
Free City of Bremen
  Germany 1260 [1][4][6][7][10]
Saxon
 
Magdeburg
 
Archbishopric of Magdeburg
  Germany 13th century Capital of the Saxon, Thuringian and Brandenburg Circle [1][4][6][7][8]
Saxon
 
Goslar
 
Imperial City of Goslar
  Germany 1267 1566 Goslar was a fief of Saxony until 1280. [1][4][6][7][8]
Saxon
 
Erfurt
 
Archbishopric of Mainz
  Germany 1430 [1][4][14]
Saxon
 
Stade
 
Archbishopric of Bremen
  Germany [1][7]
Saxon
 
Berlin
 
Margraviate of Brandenburg
  Germany 1442 Brandenburg was raised to an Electorate in 1356. Elector Frederick II caused all the Brandenburg cities to leave the League in 1442. [3]: 120 [4][5]: 32 [6][8]
Saxon
 
Frankfurt an der Oder
 
Margraviate of Brandenburg
  Germany 1430 1442 Elector Frederick II caused all the Brandenburg cities to leave the League in 1442. [4][5]: 32 [6][8]
Baltic
 
Gdańsk - Danzig (Gdańsk)
 
Teutonic Order
  Poland 1358 Capital of the Prussian, Livonian and Swedish (or East Baltic) Circle. Danzig had been first a part of the Duchy of Pomerelia, a fief of the Polish Crown, with Polish-Kashubian population, then part of the State of the Teutonic Order from 1308 until 1457. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Royal Prussia including Gdańsk was part of the Kingdom of Poland. [1][2][3]: 120 [4][5]: 81 [6][7][8][15]: 403 
Baltic
 
Elbing (Elbląg)
 
Teutonic Order
  Poland 1358 Elbing had originally been part of the territory of the Old Prussians, until the 1230s when it became part of the State of the Teutonic Order. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Royal Prussia, including Elbląg was part of the Kingdom of Poland. [1][4][6][7][8][15]: 452 
Baltic
 
Thorn (Toruń)
 
Teutonic Order
  Poland 1280 Toruń was part of the State of the Teutonic Order from 1233 until 1466. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Royal Prussia, including Toruń, was part of the Kingdom of Poland. [1][4][6][8][15]: 436 
Baltic
 
Kraków
 
Kingdom of Poland
  Poland c. 1370 c. 1500 Kraków was the capital of the Kingdom of Poland, 1038–1596/1611. It adopted Magdeburg town law and 5000 Poles and 3500 Germans lived within the city proper in the 15th century; Poles steadily rose in the ranks of guild memberships reaching 41% of guild members in 1500. It was very loosely associated with Hansa, and paid no membership fees, nor sent representatives to League meetings. [16][4][6][8][17][18][19]
Baltic
 
Breslau, (Wrocław)
 
Kingdom of Bohemia
  Poland 1387 1474 Breslau, a part of the Duchy of Breslau and the Kingdom of Bohemia, was only loosely connected to the League and paid no membership fees nor did its representatives take part in Hansa meetings [4][6][8][20][21]
Baltic
 
Königsberg (Kaliningrad)
 
Teutonic Order
  Russia 1340 Königsberg was the capital of the Teutonic Order, becoming the capital of Ducal Prussia on the Order's secularisation in 1466. Ducal Prussia was a German principality that was a fief of the Polish crown until gaining its independence in the 1660 Treaty of Oliva. The city was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946 after East Prussia was divided between the People's Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union at the Potsdam Conference. [1][4][6][8]
Baltic
 
Rīga
 
Terra Mariana (Livonia)
  Latvia 1282 During the Livonian War (1558–83), Riga became a Free imperial city until the 1581 Treaty of Drohiczyn ceded Livonia to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until the city was captured by Sweden in the Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625). [1][4][5]: 82 [6][7][8][22]: 20 
Baltic
 
Reval (Tallinn)
 
Terra Mariana (Livonia)
  Estonia 1285 On joining the Hanseatic League, Reval was a Danish fief, but was sold, with the rest of northern Estonia, to the Teutonic Order in 1346. After the Livonian War (1558–83), northern Estonia became a part of the Swedish Empire. [23][1][3]: 47 [4][5]: 81 [6][8]
Baltic
 
Dorpat (Tartu)
 
Terra Mariana (Livonia)
  Estonia 1280s The Bishopric of Dorpat gained increasing autonomy within the Terra Mariana. During the Livonian War (1558–83), Dorpat fell under the rule of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, with the 1581 Treaty of Drohiczyn definitively ceding Livonia to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until the city was captured by Sweden in the Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625). [23][1][4][6][8]
Westphalian
 
Cologne
 
Imperial City of Cologne
  Germany 1669 Capital of the Rhine-Westphalian and Netherlands Circle until after the Anglo-Hanseatic War (1470–74), when the city was prosecuted in 1475 with temporary trade sanctions (German: Verhanst) for some years for having supported England; Dortmund was made capital of the Circle. Cologne also was called "Electorate of Cologne" (German: Kurfürstentum Köln or Kurköln). In June 1669 the last Hanseday was held in the town of Lübeck by the last remaining Hanse members, amongst others Cologne. [1][2][3]: 120 [4][6][7]
Westphalian
 
Dortmund
 
Imperial City of Dortmund
  Germany After Cologne was excluded after the Anglo-Hanseatic War (1470–74), Dortmund was made capital of the Rhine-Westphalian and Netherlands Circle. [1][4][5]: 82 [6][7][8]
Westphalian
 
Deventer
 
Bishopric of Utrecht
  Netherlands 1000 1500 [1][4][6][7][10][24][25][26]: 438 
Westphalian
 
Kampen
 
Bishopric of Utrecht
  Netherlands 1441 [1][4][6][7][25][26]: 433 
Westphalian
 
Groningen
 
Friesland
  Netherlands [1][4][6][10]
Westphalian
 
Münster
 
Prince-Bishopric of Münster
  Germany [1][5]: 82 [6][7][8]
Westphalian
 
Osnabrück
 
Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück
  Germany 12th century [1][4][6][7][8]
Westphalian
 
Soest
 
Imperial City of Soest
  Germany 1609 The city was a part of the Electorate of Cologne until acquiring its freedom in 1444–49, after which it aligned with the Duchy of Cleves. [1][4][5]: 82 [6][7][8]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Cite error: The named reference Falke was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Natkiel was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Cite error: The named reference Keating was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Jotischky, Andrew; Caroline Hull (2005). The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Medieval World. Penguin Books. pp. 122–23. ISBN 978-0-14-101449-4.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Holborn, Hajo (1982). A History of Modern Germany: The Reformation. Princeton University Press. pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=350Qosar–UcC&pg=PA32 32, 74, 80–82. ISBN 0-691-00795-0.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Dollinger, Philippe (2000). The German Hansa. Stanford University Press. pp. ix–x. ISBN 0-8047-0742-1. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Barthold, Dr Friedrich Wilhelm (1862). Geschichte der Deutschen Hanse [History of the German Hansa]. Leizig: TD Weigel. pp. 35 and 496–97.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Schäfer, D (2010). Die deutsche Hanse [The German Hanseatic League]. Reprint-Verlag-Leipzig. pp. 37. ISBN 978-3-8262-1933-7.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Wernicke, Horst (2007). "Die Hansestädte an der Oder". In Schlögel, Karl; Halicka, Beata (eds.). Oder-Odra. Blicke auf einen europäischen Strom (in German). Lang. pp. 137–48, here p. 142. ISBN 978-3-631-56149-2.
  10. ^ a b c d Mehler, Natascha (2009). "The Perception and Interpretation of Hanseatic Material Culture in the North Atlantic: Problems and Suggestions" (PDF). Journal of the North Atlantic (Special Volume 1: Archaeologies of the Early Modern North Atlantic): 89–108. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2011.
  11. ^ "Stralsund". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Buchholz, Werner; et al. (1999). Pommern (in German). Siedler. p. 120. ISBN 3-88680-272-8.
  13. ^ "Varför ruinerades Visby" [Why is Visby ruined]. Goteinfo.com (in Swedish). Retrieved 30 April 2011.
  14. ^ Westholm, Gun. Hanseatic Sites, Routes and Monuments: A Traveler's Guide to the Past and Present. Uppsala: Gotland Centre for Baltic Studies, 1994.
  15. ^ a b c Bedford, Neil (2008). Poland. Lonely Planet. pp. 403, 436, 452 and 476. ISBN 978-1-74104-479-9.
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference Blumówna was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Alma Mater. Kraków: Jagiellonian University. 2008. p. 6.
  18. ^ Carter, Francis W. (1994). Trade and urban development in Poland. An economic geography of Cracow, from its origins to 1795, Volume 20. Cambridge studies in historical geography. Cambridge University Press. pp. 70–71, 100–02. ISBN 0-521-41239-0.
  19. ^ Jelicz, Antonina (1966). Życie codzienne w średniowiecznym Krakowie: wiek XIII–XV [Everyday life in medieval Krakow: 13th–15th century]. Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.
  20. ^ Gilewska-Dubis, Janina (2000). Życie codzienne mieszczan wrocławskich w dobie średniowiecza [Everyday life of citizens of Wrocław during medieval times]. Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie. p. 160.
  21. ^ Buśko, Cezary; Włodzimierz Suleja; Teresa Kulak (2001). Historia Wrocławia: Od pradziejów do końca czasów habsburskich [Wrocław History: From Prehistory to the end of the Habsburg era]. Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie. p. 152.
  22. ^ Turnbull, Stephen R (2004). Crusader castles of the Teutonic Knights: The stone castles of Latvia and Estonia 1185–1560. Osprey Publishing. pp. 20, 60. ISBN 978-1-84176-712-3.
  23. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Mills was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ Cite error: The named reference Mehler EPOC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  25. ^ a b ver Berkmoes, Ryan; Karla Zimmerman (2010). The Netherlands. Lonely Planet. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MkAw1f_iSEwC&pg=PA255 255]. ISBN 978-1-74104-925-1.
  26. ^ a b McDonald, George (2009). Frommer's Belgium, Holland & Luxembourg, 11th Edition. Frommers. pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=pTZJUc–TP9MC&lpg=PA134 134, 176, 397, 432–38. ISBN 978-0-470-38227-1.

After, with bundling the ref tags edit

See WP:BUNDLING, and coding details in Help:Citation merging.

'Hansa Proper' table with bundled refs edit

Note: Considered bundling the ref tags. Unfortunately, when name="..." parameters are coded in the ref tags, these will be lost when bundling the citations within a single ref tag. Therefore, it seems the only solution is {{plainlist...}} after all.

Quarter City Territory Now From Until Notes Refs
Wendish
 
Lübeck
 
Free City of Lübeck
  Germany Capital of the Hanseatic League, capital of the Wendish and Pomeranian Circle [1][2][3]: 47, 120 [4][5]: 74, 82 [6]

References

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Falke was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Natkiel was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Keating was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Jotischky, Andrew; Caroline Hull (2005). The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Medieval World. Penguin Books. pp. 122–23. ISBN 978-0-14-101449-4.
  5. ^ Holborn, Hajo (1982). A History of Modern Germany: The Reformation. Princeton University Press. pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=350Qosar–UcC&pg=PA32 32, 74, 80–82. ISBN 0-691-00795-0.
  6. ^ Dollinger, Philippe (2000). The German Hansa. Stanford University Press. pp. ix–x. ISBN 0-8047-0742-1. Retrieved 15 May 2011.

After, with plainlist edit

'Hansa Proper' table with plainlist, to preserve (ref name="...") parameters edit

Note: Applying {{plainlist...}} is the appropriate solution.

Quarter City Territory Now From Until Notes Refs
Wendish
 
Lübeck
 
Free City of Lübeck
  Germany Capital of the Hanseatic League, capital of the Wendish and Pomeranian Circle

References

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Falke was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Natkiel was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Keating was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Jotischky, Andrew; Caroline Hull (2005). The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Medieval World. Penguin Books. pp. 122–23. ISBN 978-0-14-101449-4.
  5. ^ Holborn, Hajo (1982). A History of Modern Germany: The Reformation. Princeton University Press. pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=350Qosar–UcC&pg=PA32 32, 74, 80–82. ISBN 0-691-00795-0.
  6. ^ Dollinger, Philippe (2000). The German Hansa. Stanford University Press. pp. ix–x. ISBN 0-8047-0742-1. Retrieved 15 May 2011.

Sample: Vladimir Horowitz's recordings of the works of Chopin edit

Year of issue Album details Recording date(s) Record label
1982 Horowitz At the Met[1] November 1981 RCA Red Seal Records
1983 Horowitz in London[2] May 1982 RCA Red Seal Records
1985 Vladimir Horowitz – The Last Romantic[3] April 1985 Deutsche Grammophon
1986 Horowitz in Moscow[4]
  • Chopin: Mazurka in C-sharp minor, Op. 30, No. 4 / Mazurka in F minor, Op. 7, No. 3
April 1986 Deutsche Grammophon
1990 Horowitz – The Last Recording[5] October & November, 1989 Sony Classical
1990 Horowitz Plays Chopin, Vol. 1[6] 1945–1982 RCA Gold Seal
1991 Horowitz Plays Chopin, Vol. 2[7] 1947–1957 RCA Gold Seal
1992 Schumann: Kinderszenen, Brahms, Chopin, Debussy[8] 1928–1977 RCA Gold Seal
1992 Discovered Treasures[9] 1963–1972 Sony Classical
1993 Horowitz Plays Chopin, Vol. 3[10] 1945–1957 RCA Gold Seal
1993 Horowitz Plays Beethoven, Scarlatti, Chopin[11] 1928–1959 RCA Gold Seal
1993 The Complete Masterworks Recordings, Vol. 1: The Studio Recordings 1962–1963[12] 1962–1963 Sony Classical
1993 The Complete Masterworks Recordings, Vol. 3: The Historic Return[13] 1965–1966 Sony Classical
1993 The Complete Masterworks Recordings, Vol. 4: The Legendary 1968 TV Concert[14] 1968 Sony Classical
1993 The Complete Masterworks Recordings, Vol. 7: Early Romantics[15] 1968–1971 Sony Classical
1994 The Private Collection Vol. 1[16] 1945–1950 RCA Red Seal
1997 Vladimir Horowitz, Solo Recordings 1928–1936[17] 1930–1936 Pearl
2001 Chopin: Piano Music[18] 1957–1982 RCA Red Seal
2003 The Boston Recital[19] October 1969 Living Stage
2003 Horowitz reDiscovered[20] November 16, 1975 RCA Red Seal
2003 Horowitz Live and Unedited – The Historic 1965 Carnegie Hall Return Concert[21] 1962–1965 Sony Masterworks
2008 Horowitz in Hamburg – The Last Concert[22] July 21, 1987 Deutsche Grammophon
2009 Vladimir Horowitz At Carnegie Hall – The Private Collection: Schumann, Chopin, Liszt & Balakirev[23] 1946–1950 Sony Classics
2009 The Welte Mignon Mystery Vol. XI – Vladimir Horowitz today playing all his 1926 interpretations.[24] 1926/2009 Tacet
2010 Horowitz – The Legendary Berlin Concert[25] May 18, 1986 Sony Classics

References

  1. ^ "Horowitz At the Met". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
  2. ^ "Horowitz in London". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-09.
  3. ^ "Vladimir Horowitz – The Last Romantic". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
  4. ^ "Horowitz in Moscow". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
  5. ^ "Horowitz – The Last Recording". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
  6. ^ "Horowitz Plays Chopin, Vol. 1". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
  7. ^ "Horowitz Plays Chopin, Vol. 2". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
  8. ^ "Schumann: Kinderszenen, Brahms, Chopin, Debussy". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
  9. ^ "Discovered Treasures". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
  10. ^ "Horowitz Plays Chopin, Vol. 3". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
  11. ^ "Horowitz Plays Beethoven, Scarlatti, Chopin". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
  12. ^ "The Complete Masterworks Recordings, Vol. 1: The Studio Recordings 1962–1963". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
  13. ^ "The Complete Masterworks Recordings, Vol. 3: The Historic Return". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
  14. ^ "The Complete Masterworks Recordings, Vol. 4: The Legendary 1968 TV Concert". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
  15. ^ "The Complete Masterworks Recordings, Vol. 7: Early Romantics". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
  16. ^ "The Private Collection Vol. 1". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
  17. ^ "Vladimir Horowitz, Solo Recordings 1928–1936". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
  18. ^ "Chopin: Piano Music". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
  19. ^ "The Boston Recital". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
  20. ^ "Horowitz reDiscovered". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
  21. ^ "Horowitz Live and Unedited – The Historic 1965 Carnegie Hall Return Concert". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
  22. ^ "Horowitz in Hamburg – The Last Concert". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
  23. ^ "Vladimir Horowitz At Carnegie Hall – The Private Collection: Schumann, Chopin, Liszt & Balakirev". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-21.
  24. ^ The Welte Mignon Mystery Vol. XI Retrieved 2011-01-25.
  25. ^ "Horowitz – The Legendary Berlin Concert". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-28.