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PRISM (Patient Registry Item Specifications and Metadata) is a library of data elements that will speed the development and deployment of patient registries, allow registries to share and receive data from other registries or data sources, enable cross-indication and cross-disease analyses, generate more meaningful results for rare disease patients, physicians, and researchers, and promote a bottom-up standardization by reducing the variation in questions across multiple rare disease registries.

What PRISM does

The PRISM Library project improves access to existing standardized registry questions and increases opportunities for data sharing.

Registry Standards

While some registries are standardized with relevant resources available, there is no standard protocol for all registries, nor is there a single source of questions for registry developers to use to identify questions. The PRISM project seeks to create a bottom-up standardization of registry questions by first identifying the disparities resulting from question variability. The PRISM site then provides rare disease registries with a central location to easily add, store, and search standardize questions. The success of the PRISM library depends on developing and maintaining well-structured and useful questions and answer sets, as well as metadata, or descriptive information about the resource, to facilitate indexing, searching and retrieval. Along with basic metadata such as author, creation and publishing dates, controlled terminology plays a major role, as it offers indexing capabilities beyond basic text and terms towards concept-based searching.

What is bottom-up standardization?

The PRISM project is innovative because it supports a bottom-up approach to standardization. This approach focuses on providing access to relevant content standards—questions of interest—to registry developers in a user-friendly way. The content standards are linked to other standards via knowledge relationships and indexing metadata controlled by the PRISM library. The project bridges various standards and ensures that patient registries begin to look more and more alike as they harmonize their standards, allowing them the potential for complete interoperability with healthcare data and clinical research.

Who funds PRISM?

The PRISM project is funded by the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act. It is intended to be a fast-moving project with measureable deliverables within two years and demonstrated impact on investigations of rare diseases.

Support for the PRISM project is administered through the National Library of Medicine. (NLM Grant Number 1RC1LM010455-01, an NIH component, and supported by the Office of Rare Diseases Research. The contents of this article and the communications and activities of the PRISM Project are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NLM, ORDR or NIH.)

For More Information on Registries

NIH Office of Rare Diseases Research (ORDR) Common Data Elements http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/Resources.aspx?PageID=33 A number of elements recently identified by ORDR

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Common Data Elements http://www.commondataelements.ninds.nih.gov/ Cross-disease, and disease-specific elements for Neuroscience Clinical Research

PhenX Toolkit https://www.phenxtoolkit.org/ provides standard measures related to complex diseases, phenotypic traits and environmental exposures

NIH PROMIS http://www.nihpromis.org Patient Report Outcomes Measurement Information System for measuring patient-reported health status.

References

Richesson, R.L., Shereff, D, Spisla, C., Albarracin, N., Konicek, D. & Andrews, J.E. The Use of SNOMED CT to support retrieval and re-use of Question and Answer Sets for patient registries. International Journal of Functional Informatics and Personalised Medicine. 2010 3(4) 342-365.

Richesson, R.L., Shereff, D. & Andrews, J.E. [RD] PRISM Library: Patient Registry Item Specifications and Metadata for Rare Diseases. Journal of Library Metadata, Special Issue: Metadata for Scientific Data. 2010 Apr-Sept; 10 (2-3) 119-135.

External links

• PRISM (Patient Registry Item Specifications and Metadata)