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N. Z. Bravin edit
Nikolai Zakharovich Bravin (Russian: Бравин Николай Захарович; 1881– January 1921) was a Russian diplomat and orientalist. He is noted for being one of the few Tsarist diplomats who was willing to serve the Bolsheviks after the Russian revolution.
The fate of Nikolai Zakharovich Bravin is open to question. He took up his post as ambassador of the Turkestan ASSR to Afghanistan with heavy responsibilities. When, in the winter of 1919, the ambassador of the RSFSR, Yakov Zakharovich Surits, arraived in Kabul he found that Bravin was trying to play an independent hand. Bravin was prevented by Surits from participating in the Soviet–Afghan negotiations and was even removed from day-to-day diplomatic work, because Surits could not trust a former Tsarist diplomat. Bravin, greatly insulted by this treatment, decided to ask for Afghan citizenship, which he received in 1920. He was killed in January 1921 in "unknown circumstances" in the city of Ghazni as he was going to India en route to Europe. (L. W. Adamec, Afghanistans's Foreign Policy in the Mid-Twentieth Century (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1974), p 56).
–The Soviet Union and Its Southern Neighbours: Iran and Afghanistan, 1917-1933, p 170
N. Z. Bravin was born in St Petersburg where he studied at the oriental faculty of St Petersburg University. After graduating in 1904 he served as a translator and secretary of the Russian Consulate General in Calcutta in 1909–1911, and later as secretary of the Russian consulates in Turkey, Abyssinia, and finally as vice-consul in Persia (1915–1917). He was assassinated in Kabul in 1921.
List of Ambassadors of Russia and the Soviet Union to Afghanistan
Also known as Michael K. Bravin and Karl Bravin, "Kenzhoga"?
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Эттер,_Николай_Севастьянович
Sevastyanovich Nicholas von Etter ( Fin. Nikolai von Etter; (13) 25 August 1865 , St. Petersburg , Russian Empire - October 31 [1] in 1935 , Porvoo , Finland ) - Russian diplomat; from 1915 to 1917 - envoy to Persia.
Table Of Contents [убрать] 1 Biography 2 Family 3 Awards 4 Notes 5 Literature 6 Links Biography [ edit | edit wiki text ] Born 13 (25) in August 1865 in the family belonging to the nobility of the Grand Duchy of Finland . Father - Etter, Sebastian Pavlovich .
In 1886 he graduated from the Corps of Pages , released from the cell-the pages in the provincial secretary . He served in the Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs . From 1892 to 1893 he held the position of 3rd Secretary Office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and from 1893 to 1897 years, the position of the 2nd Secretary of the mission in Copenhagen. From 1897 to 1899 years, was appointed secretary of the 2nd mission in Paris, and from 1899 to 1904 Secretary of the diplomatic agency in Bulgaria.
From 1904 to 1906 he worked as 1st Secretary of the Embassy of the Russian Empire in Madrid.
In 1906-1915 years was a counselor of the embassy in London. Was the title of the court consisting in the rank of gentleman of the bedchamber (1895) and consisting in the rank of Chamberlain (1907); March 25, 1912 promoted to State Councillor .
Served as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Persian court (1915-1917). After the February Revolution, he was transferred to the same post in Portugal, after the October - dismissed the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs Trotsky .
In exile in Finland . He died in 1935 at the estate Heiko near Borgo .
After the revolution he officiated as the first Soviet diplomatic representative in Afghanistan.
hat contributed to the fact that the most serious period (a truce with the British) we had as its representative in Afghanistan face Bravin not his own man, and maybe the enemy (reference: Bravin Nicholas Z. (1881-1921), the Russian diplomat, the first Soviet Ambassador to Afghanistan, one of the few royal diplomats who clicked "at the service" of the Bolsheviks, in 1918 - the representative of the Russian Federation in Tehran, the Iranian authorities expelled from the country in 1919 the Soviet envoy in Afghanistan in February 1920, resigned a diplomatic powers; in 1921 when trying to go to British India was killed);
Bravin Nicholas Z. (1881-1921) Russian diplomacy, the first Soviet Ambassador to Afghanistan. One of the few royal diplomats have fallen in the service of the Bolsheviks. In 1904 he graduated from the Faculty of Oriental Languages of St. Petersburg University. Knew Arabic, Turkish, English, French and Farsi languages. Since 1905 dragoman of the Consulate General in Mashhad. In the 1907-1909. Acting vice-consul in Sistan. From 1909 - Dragoman Consulate General in Bombay. In 1914 - the vice-consul in Qazvin. From 1915 - vice-consul in Sistan. In 1916-1917 gg. - Vice-Consul in Hoe (Iranian Azerbaijan). 1918 - Representative of the Russian Federation in Tehran. Iranian authorities expelled from the country. 1919 a Soviet envoy in Afghanistan. In February 1920 resigned his diplomatic credentials. In 1921, while trying to go to British India was killed.
References edit
- Bibliography
- Andreyev, Alexandre (2003), Soviet Russia and Tibet: The Debacle of Secret Diplomacy, 1918–1930s, Boston: Brill, ISBN 90-04-12952-9.