Free trade timeline
Reverse chronological order edit
- 2018 NAFTA re-negotiations: NAFTA re-negotiations began in August, 2017 following demands made by President Donald Trump. The round of talks in May, 2018 were suspended when both Mexico and Canada rejected U.S. demands.[1]
The third round took place in Ottawa in September 2017 with discussions on Intellectual Property (IP) with Canada and the U.S. holding widely diverging viewpoints.[3] The Office of the United States Trade Representative under U.S. Trade Representative Robert E. Lighthizer have kept Canada under their Section 306 Watch List[2]: 5 because of their "deep" concerns about "in transit" or "transshipped" "pirated and counterfeit goods".[2]: 62 The U.S. is "deeply troubled" by the "broad interpretation of an ambiguous education-related exception to copyright".[2]: 62 The Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) published a special report in September 2017, "NAFTA 2.0 and Intellectual Property Rights" in which the authors, composed of a "community of scholars and practitioners", addressed the "requirements of a modernized NAFTA Chapter 17". They noted that Canada meets "international obligations when it comes to respect for copyright and patents and has largely addressed long-standing U.S. demands regarding additional reforms".[4]: 7
The next round of talks is scheduled for July 26 in Washington.[1]
- 2006 Agricultural products comprise 98% of total U.S. exports to Cuba.[5]: 3 "Leading Cuban exports include sugar, nickel, tobacco, fish, medical products, citrus, and coffee. Cuba’s leading buyers were Canada (19 percent), Netherlands (19 percent), China (16 percent), Bermuda (14 percent), and Spain (5 percent)."[5]: 55
- 2002 The U.S. Farm Bill established the U.S. Sugar Program, a federal commodity support program, with a mandate to maintain a minimum price for sugar beets and sugarcane in the 2002-2007 season.
*1992 US sanctions on Cuba were maintained to put pressure on Cuba to improve human rights in Cuba and to democratize.[6]
- 1960 As a result of U.S. sanctions following the Cuban Revolution when Cuba nationalized American-owned Cuban oil refineries offering no compensation, Cuba's sugar quota to the U.S. decreased by 95% in 1959 from a quota of 3,119,655 tons to 0 in 1960[7] A year later, Cuba's sugar quota was reduced to zero when President Eisenhower issued Proclamation 3383. This substantially affected Cuba's total exports as Cuba was one of the world's leading sugar exporters at the time.[7]
- 1948 U.S. Sugar Act
References edit
- ^ a b "NAFTA renegotiations to resume in Washington". Business Standard. July 19, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
- ^ a b c d "2017 Special 301 Report" (PDF). Retrieved July 23, 2017.
- ^ Malcolm, Jeremy (September 25, 2017). "Canada Pushes Back Against U.S. Copyright Demands in NAFTA". Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF). Retrieved July 23, 2018.
- ^ NAFTA 2.0 and Intellectual Property Rights: Insights on Developing Canada's Knowledge Economy (PDF). Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) (Report). Special Report. September 26, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
{{cite report}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter|authors=(help) - ^ a b United States Government Accountability Office (November 2007). "Economic Sanctions: Agencies Face Competing Priorities in Enforcing the U.S. Embargo on Cuba" (PDF). U.S. Governmental Accountability Office. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
- ^ "Cuban Democracy Act of 1992". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on August 5, 2012.
- ^ a b Caraway, Rose (2004). "Post-embargo Cuba: Economic Implications and the Future of Socialism" (PDF). Teresa Lozano Long Institute of Latin American Studies: 30.