User:Nonenmac/Aspidium

Aspidium
	Aspidium filix-mas
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Pteridophyta
Class:	Pteridopsida
Order:	Polypodiales
Family:	Dryopteridaceae
Genus:	Aspidium; Sw. 1801
Species
	See text.

Aspidium Sw. is a fern genus in the Dryopteridaceae (wood fern) family. Although the genus name itself it is now generally considered to be obsolete and a synonym for Tectaria Cav. (in the Tectariaceae family),^[1] Aspidium's former species have been placed in several other families and genera.

The name aspidium is also used in referring to a medicine, usually in the form of an oleoresin extract, containing filicin, made from the rhizomes and stipes of certain former Aspidium species such as Dryopteris filix-mas (male fern), and Dryopteris marginalis (marginal fern). These medicines have been used in the treatment of tapeworm infection, but their use is limited to otherwise-untreatable cases due to the toxicity of the medication. Safer drugs such as dichlorophen, niclosamide, and quinacrine are preferred.

Species edit

Most Aspidium species have been recategorized into other genera, including:^[1]

in family Aspleniaceae Newman 1840 edit

genus Asplenium L. 1753
- Aspidium rutaceum Willd. 1810 = Asplenium rutaceum (Willd.) Mett. 1859

in family Davalliaceae M.R. Schomb. ex A.B. Frank 1849: edit

genus Nephrolepis (Sw.) Schott 1834
- Aspidium acuminatum Willd. 1810 =
  Aspidium acutum Schkuhr 1809 =
  Aspidium biserratum Sw. 1801 =
  Aspidium ensifolium Schkuhr 1806 =
  Aspidium guineense Schumach. 1829 =
  Aspidium punctulatum Sw. 1806 = Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott 1834
- Aspidium cordifolium (L.) Sw. 1801 =
  Aspidium tuberosum Bory ex Willd. 1810 = Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C.Presl 1836
- Aspidium exaltatum (L.) Sw.1801 = Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott 1834
- Aspidium pectinatum Willd. 1810 = Nephrolepis pectinata (Willd.) Schott 1834
- Aspidium pendulum Raddi 1819 = Nephrolepis pendula (Raddi) J.Sm. 1841
- Aspidium sesquipedale Willd. 1810 = Nephrolepis rivularis (Vahl) Mett.ex Krug 1897
- Aspidium undulatum Afzel.ex Sw. 1801 = Nephrolepis undulata (Afzel.ex Sw.) J.Sm. 1846

in family Dryopteridaceae edit

genus Arachniodes Blume 1828
- Aspidium denticulatum (Sw.) Sw. 1801 =
  Aspidium jucundum Fée 1865 = Arachniodes denticulata (Sw.) Ching 1962

genus Ctenitis
- Aspidium bourgaei E.Fourn. = Ctenitis equestris var. equestris
- Aspidium bullatum H.Christ = Ctenitis melanosticta (Kunze) Copel.
- Aspidium caripense (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Mett. = Ctenitis submarginalis (Langsd.& Fisch.) Ching
- Aspidium chiapasense Christ = Ctenitis chiapasensis (Christ) A.R.Sm.
- Aspidium culcita H.Christ = Ctenitis sloanei (Poepp.ex Spreng.) C.V.Morton
- Aspidium effusum (Sw.) J.Bommer & H.Christ
  - var. muticum H.Christ = Ctenitis excelsa (Desv.) Proctor
- Aspidium equestre Kunze = Ctenitis equestris (Kunze) Ching
- Aspidium karstenii A.Braun = Ctenitis submarginalis (Langsd.& Fisch.) Ching
- Aspidium lindenii Kuhn = Ctenitis salvinii (Baker) Stolze
- Aspidium melanostictum Kunze = Ctenitis melanosticta (Kunze) Copel.
- Aspidium microcarpon Fée = Ctenitis submarginalis (Langsd.& Fisch.) Ching
- Aspidium microchlaena Fée = Ctenitis microchlaena (Fée) Stolze
- Aspidium obtusilobum Fée = Ctenitis submarginalis (Langsd.& Fisch.) Ching
- Aspidium scabriusculum Davenp. = Ctenitis equestris var. equestris
- Aspidium strigilosum Davenp. = Ctenitis strigilosa (Davenp.) Copel.
- Aspidium tonduzii H.Christ = Ctenitis nigrovenia (Christ) Copel.

genus Cyclodium C.Presl 1836
- Aspidium trianae Mett. = Cyclodium trianae (Mett.) A.R.Sm.

genus Didymochlaena
- Aspidium truncatulum Sw. = Didymochlaena truncatula (Sw.) J.Sm.

genus Dryopteris
- Aspidium apertum Fée = Dryopteris patula (Sw.) Underw.
- Aspidium chrysocarpa Fée = Dryopteris pseudofilix-mas (Fée) Rothm.
- Aspidium crinitum M.Martens & Galeotti = Dryopteris wallichiana var. wallichiana
- Aspidium karwinskyanum Mett. = Dryopteris karwinskyana (Mett.) Kuntze
- Aspidium paleaceum Lag.ex Sw. = Dryopteris wallichiana var. wallichiana
- Aspidium parallelogrammum Kunze = Dryopteris wallichiana var. wallichiana
- Aspidium patulum Sw. = Dryopteris patula (Sw.) Underw.
- Aspidium pseudofilix-mas Fée = Dryopteris pseudofilix-mas (Fée) Rothm.
- Aspidium schimperianum Hochst. = Dryopteris schimperiana (Hochst.) C.Chr. 1837^[2]
- Aspidium wallichianum Spreng. = Dryopteris wallichiana (Spreng.) Hyl.

genus Lastreopsis Ching 1938
- Aspidium chontalense E.Fourn. = Lastreopsis exculta ssp.exculta
- Aspidium excultum Mett. = Lastreopsis exculta (Mett.) Tindale

genus Megalastrum Holttum 1986
- Aspidium erythrostemma H.Christ = Megalastrum pulverulentum (Poir.) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran
- Aspidium lunense Christ = Megalastrum lunense (Christ) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran

genus Phanerophlebia C.Presl 1836
- Aspidium juglandifolium (Humb.& Bonpl.ex Willd.) Kunze ex Klotzsch = Phanerophlebia juglandifolia (Humb.& Bonpl.ex Willd.) J.Sm.
  - var. macrosorum Baker = Phanerophlebia macrosora (Baker) Underw.
- Aspidium nobile Schltdl.& Cham. = Phanerophlebia nobilis (Schltdl.& Cham.) C.Presl
- Aspidium pumilum M.Martens & Galeotti = Phanerophlebia pumila (M.Martens & Galeotti) Fée

genus Polystichum
- Aspidium acanthophyllum Franch. 1885 = Polystichum acanthophyllum (Franch.) H. Christ 1905
- Aspidium hartwegii Klotzsch = Polystichum hartwegii (Klotzsch) Hieron.
- Aspidium moritzianum Klotzsch = Polystichum muricatum (L.) Fée
- Aspidium muenchii Christ = Polystichum muenchii (Christ) C.Chr.
- Aspidium orbiculatum Desv. = Polystichum orbiculatum (Desv.) J.Rémy & Fée
- Aspidium ordinatum Kunze = Polystichum ordinatum (Kunze) Liebm.
- Aspidium platyphyllum Willd. = Polystichum platyphyllum (Willd.) C.Presl
- Aspidium trejoi Christ = Polystichum hartwegii (Klotzsch) Hieron.

genus Stigmatopteris
- Aspidium caudatum Sw.
  - var. contractum H.Christ = Stigmatopteris contracta (H.Christ) C.Chr.

nothogenus × Pleuroderris Maxon 1934
- Aspidium tatei (Baker) Diels 1899 = × Pleuroderris michleriana (D.C. Eaton) Maxon 1934

in family Elaphoglossaceae edit

genus Lastreopsis

in family Metaxyaceae Pic.Serm 1970 edit

genus Metaxya C.Presl 1836
- Aspidium rostratum Kunth 1816 = Metaxya rostrata (Kunth) C.Presl 1836

in family Oleandraceae Ching ex Pic. Serm. 1965 edit

genus Oleandra
- Aspidium articulatum Sw. = Oleandra articulata (Sw.) C.Presl
- Aspidium nodosum Willd. = Oleandra articulata (Sw.) C.Presl

in family Tectariaceae Panigrahi 1986 edit

genus Tectaria Cav. 1799
- Aspidium braunianum H.Karst. = Tectaria brauniana (H.Karst.) C.Chr.
- Aspidium costaricanum C.Chr. = Tectaria athyrioides (Baker) C.Chr.
- Aspidium draconopterum D.C.Eaton = Tectaria draconoptera (D.C.Eaton) Copel.
- Aspidium endresii (Baker) C.Chr. = Tectaria nicaraguensis (E.Fourn.) C.Chr.
- Aspidium eurylobum H.Christ = Tectaria nicotianifolia (Baker) C.Chr.
- Aspidium fimbriatum Willd. = Tectaria fimbriata (Willd.) Proctor & Lourteig
- Aspidium heracleifolium Willd. = Tectaria heracleifolia (Willd.) Underw.
- Aspidium latifolium C.Presl = Tectaria mexicana (Fée) C.V.Morton
- Aspidium macrophyllum Sw.
  - var. biolleyanum H.Christ = Tectaria vivipara Jermy & T.G.Walker
  - var. pittieri H.Christ = Tectaria incisa Cav.
- Aspidium martinicense Spreng. = Tectaria incisa Cav.
- Aspidium myriosorum H.Christ = Tectaria draconoptera (D.C.Eaton) Copel.
- Aspidium nicaraguense (E.Fourn.) Baker = Tectaria nicaraguensis (E.Fourn.) C.Chr.
- Aspidium nicotianifolium (Baker) Diels = Tectaria nicotianifolia (Baker) C.Chr.
- Aspidium orosiensis (H.Christ) C.Chr. = Tectaria antioquoiana (Baker) C.Chr.
- Aspidium plantagineum (Jacq.) Griseb. = Tectaria plantaginea (Jacq.) Maxon
- Aspidium rivale Mett.ex Kuhn = Tectaria rivalis (Mett.ex Kuhn) C.Chr.
- Aspidium rufovillosum Rosenst. = Tectaria rufovillosa (Rosenst.) C.Chr.
- Aspidium subebeneum H.Christ = Tectaria subebenea (H.Christ) C.Chr.
- Aspidium trifoliatum (L.) Sw.
  - ssp.heracleifolium (Willd.) Clute = Tectaria heracleifolia var. heracleifolia

genus Triplophyllum Holttum 1986
- Aspidium funestum Kunze = Triplophyllum funestum (Kunze) Holttum 1986

in family Thelypteridaceae Ching ex Pic. Serm. 1970 edit

genus Thelypteris|(Willd.) K. Iwats. 1963}}
- Aspidium abruptum Blume 1828 = Thelypteris grandis var. kunzeana (Hook.) A.R.Sm.
- Aspidium albicaule Fée = Thelypteris albicaulis (Fée) A.R.Sm.
- Aspidium augescens Link = Thelypteris augescens (Link) Munz & I.M.Johnst.
- Aspidium biolleyi Christ = Thelypteris biolleyi (Christ) Proctor
- Aspidium cheilanthoides Kunze = Thelypteris cheilanthoides (Kunze) Proctor
- Aspidium coarctatum Kunze =
  Aspidium conterminum Willd. = Thelypteris opposita (Vahl) Ching
- Aspidium cumingianum Kunze = Thelypteris cumingiana (Kunze) C.F.Reed
- Aspidium extensum Blume = Thelypteris opulenta (Kaulf.) Fosberg
- Aspidium francoanum E.Fourn. = Thelypteris francoana (E.Fourn.) C.F.Reed
- Aspidium frigidum H.Christ = Thelypteris frigida (H.Christ) A.R.Sm.& Lellinger
- Aspidium funckii Mett. = Thelypteris funckii (Mett.) Alston
- Aspidium gleichenioides H.Christ = Thelypteris rudis (Kunze) Proctor
- Aspidium gongylodes Schkuhr =
  Aspidium unitum (L.) Sw. =
  Aspidium unitum var. hirsutum Mett. = Thelypteris interrupta (Willd.) K.Iwats.
- Aspidium hispidulum Decne. = Thelypteris hispidula (Decne.) C.F.Reed
- Aspidium leucophlebium H.Christ = Thelypteris urbanii (Sodiro) A.R.Sm.
- Aspidium levyi E.Fourn. = Thelypteris levyi (E.Fourn.) C.V.Morton
- Aspidium molle Sw. = Thelypteris dentata (Forssk.) E.P.St.John
- Aspidium navarrense H.Christ = Thelypteris oligocarpa (Humb.& Bonpl.ex Willd.) Ching
- Aspidium nephrodioides Klotzsch = Thelypteris nephrodioides (Klotzsch) Proctor
- Aspidium opulentum Kaulf. = Thelypteris opulenta (Kaulf.) Fosberg
- Aspidium pachyrhachis Kunze ex Mett. = Thelypteris pachyrhachis (Kunze ex Mett.) Ching
- Aspidium pellitum Willd. = Thelypteris pellita (Willd.) Proctor & Lourteig
- Aspidium pilosulum Klotzsch & H.Karst.ex Mett. = Thelypteris pilosula (Klotzsch & H.Karst.ex Mett.) R.M.Tryon
- Aspidium pusillum Mett. = Thelypteris pusilla (Mett.) Ching
- Aspidium scalare Christ = Thelypteris scalaris (Christ) Alston
- Aspidium simplicissimum H.Christ = Thelypteris concinna (Willd.) Ching
- Aspidium skinneri Hook. = Thelypteris skinneri (Hook.) C.F.Reed
- Aspidium sprengelii Kaulf. = Thelypteris balbisii (Spreng.) Ching
- Aspidium tablanum Christ = Thelypteris tablana (Christ) A.R.Sm.

not placed elsewhere edit

Aspidium abbreviatum Poir. 1816
Aspidium abbreviatum Schrad. 1824
Aspidium abortivum Blume 1828
Aspidium alfaroi H.Christ 1905
Aspidium cicutarium (L.) Sw.
Aspidium fraseri Mett.ex Kuhn
Aspidium karstenianum (Klotzsch) H.Christ
Aspidium nutans H.Christ
Aspidium prominulum H.Christ
Aspidium strigosum Willd.
Aspidium strigosum H.Christ
Aspidium subdecussatum H.Christ
Aspidium tatei (Baker) Diels

References edit

^ ^a ^b Aspidium Sw. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 25 Jan 2012
^ A. schimperianum Herbarium, University of Michigan 15 Feb 2012

[trop-1] Aspidium Sw. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 25 Jan 2012

[2] A. schimperianum Herbarium, University of Michigan 15 Feb 2012

[1]

[2]

Aspidium

Aspidium filix-mas
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Pteridophyta
Class:	Pteridopsida
Order:	Polypodiales
Family:	Dryopteridaceae
Genus:	Aspidium Sw. 1801
Species
See text.