#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <math.h>
#define OUTFILE "mandelbrot.bmp"
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#define WIDTH 1024
#define HEIGHT 768
#define CENTRE_X 0.282
#define CENTRE_Y 0.01
#define ZOOM 150000
#define ITERATIONS 7000
// Plotting functions and parameters...
#define bailoutr(n) bailoutsqrt(n, 12) // Try instead: bailoutlinear(n, 1.5)
#define bailoutg(n) bailoutsqrt(n, 3) // Try instead: bailoutlinear(n, 0.35)
#define bailoutb(n) 0
// Subsamples, where we look "inside" each pixel for values and average them.
// Useful for despeckling the image, may "seem" to blur it slightly though...
// These values must be at least one.
#define SUBSAMPLES_X 2
#define SUBSAMPLES_Y 2
// Colours for the set itself...
#define IN_SET_R 0
#define IN_SET_G 0
#define IN_SET_B 0
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
struct imagemap {
int width;
int height;
unsigned char * pixels; // this will point to a malloc of unsigned chars.
};
void setrgb (struct imagemap * bitmapstruct, int x, int y, int red, int green, int blue);
void cls (struct imagemap * bitmapstruct, int red, int green, int blue);
void drawbmp (struct imagemap * bitmapstruct, char * filename);
int bailoutlinear(int i, float multiplier);
int bailoutsqrt(int i, float multiplier);
int bailoutlog(int i, float multiplier);
int bailoutsquared(int i, float multiplier);
void init_imagemap(struct imagemap * bitmapstruct, int width, int height);
int getr(struct imagemap * bitmapstruct, int x, int y);
int getg(struct imagemap * bitmapstruct, int x, int y);
int getb(struct imagemap * bitmapstruct, int x, int y);
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int main (void)
{
double x; double r; double nextr;
double y; double s; double nexts;
int n; int xtoplot; int ytoplot;
double startx; double endx;
double starty; double endy;
double dx; double dy;
double dx_over_width;
int red, green, blue;
int tmpred, tmpgreen, tmpblue;
int subxnumber, subynumber;
double subx, suby;
struct imagemap bitmap;
init_imagemap(&bitmap, WIDTH, HEIGHT);
cls(&bitmap, IN_SET_R, IN_SET_G, IN_SET_B);
startx = CENTRE_X - ((double) WIDTH / (ZOOM * 2));
endx = CENTRE_X + ((double) WIDTH / (ZOOM * 2));
starty = CENTRE_Y - ((double) HEIGHT / (ZOOM * 2));
endy = CENTRE_Y + ((double) HEIGHT / (ZOOM * 2));
printf("\n Mandelbrot...\n From: %.10f, %.10f\n To: %.10f, %.10f\n\n", startx, starty, endx, endy);
printf(" 0%% 20%% 40%% 60%% 80%% 100%%\n ");
dx = endx - startx;
dy = endy - starty;
dx_over_width = dx / WIDTH;
/*
- The actual screen pixel being plotted is in variables xtoplot and ytoplot.
- Coordinates we're Mandelbrotting are in variables x and y.
- We are interested in coordinates from (startx, starty) to (endx, endy).
- What distance a pixel covers has been calculated above and is dx_over_width.
- We do subsampling - for each pixel, "subpixels" are examined, and the colour is averaged.
- subxnumber and subynumber keep track of which subsample we are on,
ie the first (which is 0), second (1) etc.
- subx and suby store the actual coordinates of the subpixel, for the Mandelbrot iteration.
These will be x or y plus (the distance a subpixel covers, multiplied by subxnumber or subynumber).
*/
x = startx;
for (xtoplot = 0; xtoplot < WIDTH; xtoplot++)
{
if (xtoplot % (WIDTH / 50) == 0)
{
printf(".");
fflush(stdout);
}
y = starty;
for (ytoplot = 0; ytoplot < HEIGHT; ytoplot++)
{
#ifndef NO_OPTIM
// To optimise a bit, we skip past bits in the main cardioid + it's major bulb
// which are definitely in the set...
while
(
(x > -1.2 && x <= -1.1 && y > -0.1 && y < 0.1)
|| (x > -1.1 && x <= -0.9 && y > -0.2 && y < 0.2)
|| (x > -0.9 && x <= -0.8 && y > -0.1 && y < 0.1)
|| (x > -0.69 && x <= -0.61 && y > -0.2 && y < 0.2)
|| (x > -0.61 && x <= -0.5 && y > -0.37 && y < 0.37)
|| (x > -0.5 && x <= -0.39 && y > -0.48 && y < 0.48)
|| (x > -0.39 && x <= 0.14 && y > -0.55 && y < 0.55)
|| (x > 0.14 && x < 0.29 && y > -0.42 && y < -0.07)
|| (x > 0.14 && x < 0.29 && y > 0.07 && y < 0.42)
)
{
// Uncomment to see optimised areas...
// setrgb(&bitmap, xtoplot, ytoplot, 255, 255, 255, GFX_REPLACE);
ytoplot++;
y += dx_over_width;
if (ytoplot >= HEIGHT - 1)
{
break;
}
}
#endif
red = 0;
green = 0;
blue = 0;
for (subxnumber = 0; subxnumber < SUBSAMPLES_X; subxnumber++)
{
subx = x + (subxnumber * dx_over_width / SUBSAMPLES_X);
for (subynumber = 0; subynumber < SUBSAMPLES_Y; subynumber++)
{
suby = y + (subynumber * dx_over_width / SUBSAMPLES_Y);
r = subx; s = suby; // r = 0; s = 0; also works (just adds an iteration)
for (n = 0; n <= ITERATIONS; n++)
{
nextr = ((r * r) - (s * s)) + subx;
nexts = (2 * r * s) + suby;
r = nextr;
s = nexts;
if (n == ITERATIONS)
{
red += IN_SET_R; green += IN_SET_G; blue += IN_SET_B;
break;
} else if ((r * r) + (s * s) > 4) {
tmpred = bailoutr(n); tmpgreen = bailoutg(n); tmpblue = bailoutb(n);
// These lines kinda alter the effect of the subsampling... arguably nicer without...
// if (tmpred > 255) tmpred = 255;
// if (tmpgreen > 255) tmpgreen = 255;
// if (tmpblue > 255) tmpblue = 255;
red += tmpred; green += tmpgreen; blue += tmpblue;
break;
}
}
}
}
red = red / (SUBSAMPLES_X * SUBSAMPLES_Y);
green = green / (SUBSAMPLES_X * SUBSAMPLES_Y);
blue = blue / (SUBSAMPLES_X * SUBSAMPLES_Y);
setrgb(&bitmap, xtoplot, ytoplot, red, green, blue);
y += dx_over_width;
}
x += dx_over_width;
}
drawbmp(&bitmap, OUTFILE);
printf("\n\n Saved to %s. Time elapsed: %d seconds.\n", OUTFILE, clock() / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
return 0;
}
void cls (struct imagemap * bitmapstruct, int red, int green, int blue)
{
int x;
int y;
for (x = 0; x < bitmapstruct->width; x++)
{
for (y = 0; y < bitmapstruct->height; y++)
{
setrgb(bitmapstruct, x, y, red, green, blue);
}
}
return;
}
void setrgb (struct imagemap * bitmapstruct, int x, int y, int red, int green, int blue)
{
if (x < 0 || x >= bitmapstruct->width || y < 0 || y >= bitmapstruct->height) return;
if (red > 255) red = 255;
if (red < 0) red = 0;
if (green > 255) green = 255;
if (green < 0) green = 0;
if (blue > 255) blue = 255;
if (blue < 0) blue = 0;
bitmapstruct->pixels[(x * 3) + 0 + (y * bitmapstruct->width * 3)] = red;
bitmapstruct->pixels[(x * 3) + 1 + (y * bitmapstruct->width * 3)] = green;
bitmapstruct->pixels[(x * 3) + 2 + (y * bitmapstruct->width * 3)] = blue;
return;
}
void drawbmp (struct imagemap * bitmapstruct, char * filename) {
unsigned int headers[13];
FILE * outfile;
int extrabytes;
int paddedsize;
int x; int y; int n;
extrabytes = 4 - ((bitmapstruct->width * 3) % 4); // How many bytes of padding to add to each
// horizontal line - the size of which must
// be a multiple of 4 bytes.
if (extrabytes == 4) extrabytes = 0;
paddedsize = ((bitmapstruct->width * 3) + extrabytes) * bitmapstruct->height;
// Headers...
// Note that the "BM" identifier in bytes 0 and 1 is NOT included in these "headers".
headers[0] = paddedsize + 54; // bfSize (whole file size)
headers[1] = 0; // bfReserved (both)
headers[2] = 54; // bfOffbits
headers[3] = 40; // biSize
headers[4] = bitmapstruct->width; // biWidth
headers[5] = bitmapstruct->height; // biHeight
// Would have biPlanes and biBitCount in position 6, but they're shorts.
// It's easier to write them out separately (see below) than pretend
// they're a single int, especially with endian issues...
headers[7] = 0; // biCompression
headers[8] = paddedsize; // biSizeImage
headers[9] = 0; // biXPelsPerMeter
headers[10] = 0; // biYPelsPerMeter
headers[11] = 0; // biClrUsed
headers[12] = 0; // biClrImportant
outfile = fopen(filename, "wb");
//
// Headers begin...
// When printing ints and shorts, we write out 1 character at a time to avoid endian issues.
//
fprintf(outfile, "BM");
for (n = 0; n <= 5; n++)
{
fprintf(outfile, "%c", headers[n] & 0x000000FF);
fprintf(outfile, "%c", (headers[n] & 0x0000FF00) >> 8);
fprintf(outfile, "%c", (headers[n] & 0x00FF0000) >> 16);
fprintf(outfile, "%c", (headers[n] & (unsigned int) 0xFF000000) >> 24);
}
// These next 4 characters are for the biPlanes and biBitCount fields.
fprintf(outfile, "%c", 1);
fprintf(outfile, "%c", 0);
fprintf(outfile, "%c", 24);
fprintf(outfile, "%c", 0);
for (n = 7; n <= 12; n++)
{
fprintf(outfile, "%c", headers[n] & 0x000000FF);
fprintf(outfile, "%c", (headers[n] & 0x0000FF00) >> 8);
fprintf(outfile, "%c", (headers[n] & 0x00FF0000) >> 16);
fprintf(outfile, "%c", (headers[n] & (unsigned int) 0xFF000000) >> 24);
}
//
// Headers done, now write the data...
//
for (y = bitmapstruct->height - 1; y >= 0; y--) // BMP image format is written from bottom to top...
{
for (x = 0; x <= bitmapstruct->width - 1; x++)
{
// Also, it's written in (b,g,r) format...
fprintf(outfile, "%c", getb(bitmapstruct, x, y));
fprintf(outfile, "%c", getg(bitmapstruct, x, y));
fprintf(outfile, "%c", getr(bitmapstruct, x, y));
}
if (extrabytes) // See above - BMP lines must be of lengths divisible by 4.
{
for (n = 1; n <= extrabytes; n++)
{
fprintf(outfile, "%c", 0);
}
}
}
fclose(outfile);
return;
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Some functions here that can be used as the bailout functions (see top)...
int bailoutlinear(int i, float multiplier)
{
return i * multiplier;
}
int bailoutsqrt(int i, float multiplier)
{
if (i < 0) return 0;
return sqrt(i) * multiplier;
}
int bailoutlog(int i, float multiplier)
{
if (i < 0) return 0;
return log(i) * multiplier;
}
int bailoutsquared(int i, float multiplier)
{
if (i < 0) return 0;
return i * i * multiplier;
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void init_imagemap(struct imagemap * bitmapstruct, int width, int height)
{
bitmapstruct->width = width;
bitmapstruct->height = height;
bitmapstruct->pixels = (unsigned char *) malloc(bitmapstruct->width * bitmapstruct->height * 3 * sizeof(char));
if (bitmapstruct->pixels == NULL)
{
printf(" Memory allocation failed. Quitting.\n");
exit(1);
}
return;
}
int getr(struct imagemap * bitmapstruct, int x, int y)
{
if (x < 0 || x >= bitmapstruct->width || y < 0 || y >= bitmapstruct->height)
{
return 0;
}
return (int) bitmapstruct->pixels[(x * 3) + (y * bitmapstruct->width * 3)];
}
int getg(struct imagemap * bitmapstruct, int x, int y)
{
if (x < 0 || x >= bitmapstruct->width || y < 0 || y >= bitmapstruct->height)
{
return 0;
}
return (int) bitmapstruct->pixels[(x * 3) + 1 + (y * bitmapstruct->width * 3)];
}
int getb(struct imagemap * bitmapstruct, int x, int y)
{
if (x < 0 || x >= bitmapstruct->width || y < 0 || y >= bitmapstruct->height)
{
return 0;
}
return (int) bitmapstruct->pixels[(x * 3) + 2 + (y * bitmapstruct->width * 3)];
}
