List of Old East Slavic manuscripts.
Rus' chronicles
editManuscript | Compiled | Contents | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Synod Scroll (Sinodal'nyy)[1] | 13th–14th century[1] | Novgorod First Chronicle ("NPL")[2] | Contains the Nachal'nyy svod, a version of events up till the early 1090s, predating the Primary Chronicle.[3] The Novgorod Republic had no permanent dynastic affiliation until around 1200, and the NPL seems not to be biased in favour of any particular princely dynasty.[1] |
Commission Scroll (Komissionnyy)[1] | 15th century[1] | Novgorod First Chronicle ("NPL")[2] | Contains the Nachal'nyy svod, a version of events up till the early 1090s, predating the Primary Chronicle.[3] The Novgorod Republic had no permanent dynastic affiliation until around 1200, and the NPL seems not to be biased in favour of any particular princely dynasty.[1] Appendix: List of Russian Cities, Far and Near. |
Laurentian Codex ("Lav.",[1][4] "L"[5]) | 1377[1][5] | Primary Chronicle or Tale of Bygone Years ("PVL");[1] various other chronicles[1] |
This oldest version[6] of the Primary Chronicle (originally written c.1030s – c.1113;[7]) goes up to the year 1116.[1] The other chronicles in this codex were written or redacted in Vladimir on the Kliazma until 1212, in Rostov until 1305.[1] They are the main source for the history of Vladimir-Suzdal (Suzdalia), but are biased in favour of the princes of Suzdalia.[1] |
Hypatian Codex ("Ipat."[8], "Ipa"[4], "H"[5]) | c. 1425[9][5] | Primary Chronicle or Tale of Bygone Years ("PVL");[8] Kyivan Chronicle;[8] Galician–Volhynian Chronicle[8] |
The Hypatian Codex mainly provides information on southern Rus' domains, and favoures the princes of the Kievan region.[8] This Primary Chronicle copy goes up to the year 1117.[8] It begins its list of knyazi of Kiev with "Dir and Askold", then "Oleg", then "Igor", up to 1240, and does not mention "Rurik" as the dynasty's founder anywhere, despite praising Rurik Rostislavich.[9] The Hypatian Codex contains the only known copy of the Kyivan Chronicle, a svod written in Kiev for the years 1118–1199 around the year 1200[8] or later in the 13th century,[6] commissioned by Rurik Rostislavich as a continuation of the Primary Chronicle.[8] The last part contains the oldest-known copy of the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle, covering the years 1200–1292,[8] written in the 13th century.[6] |
Königsberg Manuscript (or Radziwiłł Chronicle, "Rad"[4], "R"[5]) |
15th century[5] | Primary Chronicle or Tale of Bygone Years ("PVL");[citation needed] Radziwiłł Chronicle ("Rad"[4]) |
The Königsberg Manuscript[10] or Codex (believed to be a copy of a 13th-century original) includes a copy of the Primary Chronicle up to 1116,[11] a copy of the 1177–1193 Chronicle of Vladimir–Suzdal,[11] and provides a continuation up to the year 1206, based on records of the city of Vladimir on the Klyazma.[10] |
Academic Manuscript ("Aka",[4] "A"[5]) | late[citation needed] 15th century[5] | Primary Chronicle or Tale of Bygone Years ("PVL");[5] Radziwiłł Chronicle ("Rad"[4]) Moscow Academic Chronicle |
The (Moscow) Academic Manuscript (Russian: Московско-Академический список) contains the same text as the Königsberg Manuscript, but adds the (Moscow) Academic Chronicle (Russian: Московско-Академическая летопись; also known as the Suzdal' Chronicle), which continues the Radziwiłł Chronicle from 1206 up to the year 1418/9, with the text covering 1207–1237 being identical to that found in the Sofia First Chronicle.[citation needed] |
Bychowiec Manuscript ("Byc"[4]) | 16th century (written;[12] lost 1840s[13]) 1846 (printed)[13] |
Bychowiec Chronicle or Bykhovets Chronicle |
The original 159-page "Bychowiec manuscript" (written in the 16th century,[12] discovered by Aleksander Bychowiec in 1830) was lost shortly after Teodor Narbutt published its text in 1846 under the title Pomniki do dziejów litewskich.[13] Lithuanian historians discovered another fragment of the Bychowiec Chronicle (about one-fifth of the original) at the National Archives in Kraków in 2011, and published it in 2018.[14] The Bychowiec Chronicle is one of the 14th–16th-century (Belarusian-)Lithuanian Chronicles.[12] |
- Novgorod Fourth Chronicle ("N4";[1] 15th century)
- Sofia First Chronicle ("S1";[1] 15th century)
- Trinity Chronicle (Troytskaya letopis, "TL",[1] "Tro"[4]; early 15th century)[1]
- Simeon's Chronicle ("Sim."; end of 15th century)[1]
- Khlebnikovsky Codex[15] (Xlebnikov,[5] "Xle",[4] "X"[5]; c. 1575[5]), contains the principal copy of the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle[15]
- Sofia Second Chronicle (16th century)
- Novgorod Second Chronicle ("N2"; 16th century)[1]
- Nikon Chronicle (mid-16th-century compilation)
- Kazan Chronicle or Kazan History (written c. 1560–1565, first printed in 1790)
- Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible or Tsar Book (c. 1570)
- Tver Chronicle ("Tver"; 16th century, includes material from c. 1400)[8]
- Vladimir Chronicler (Vladimirskiy letopisets; "Vlad."; 16th century)[1]
- Pskov Third Chronicle[16]
- Chronicler of Pereyaslavl-Suzdal (LPS; embedded in a 15th-century compilation, continues up to 1214)[17]
- Primary Chronicle (PVL)
- Southern Rus' sources / Kievan Chronicle
- Suzdalian Chronicle
- Laurentian continuation of the Suzdalian Chronicle
- Radziwiłł Chronicle continuation of the Suzdalian Chronicle
- Galician–Volhynian Chronicle
- Sofia First Chronicle
- Tver Codex of 1305
- lost leaves of surviving manuscripts
- Feodosii Sofonovych, Khronika z litopystsiv starodavnikh (1672)
Historical legends
edit- Tale of the Victory over the Volga Bulgars (ru:Сказание о победе над волжскими болгарами Skazanie o pobede nad volzhskimi bolgarami)
- Tale of the Destruction of the Rus' Land
- The Tale of the Destruction of Ryazan
- The Tale of Igor's Campaign
- Tale of the Invasion of Tokhtamysh or Tale of Tokhtamysh (Short and Expanded Redactions)
- The word of a certain Christ-lover and zealot for the right faith
- Life of Alexander Nevsky (illuminated manuscript)
- Vita of Michael of Chernigov
- Vita of Pafnutii of Borovsk/Vorovsk
- Vita of Peter, tsarevich Horde convert to Christianity
- Vita of Fedor Rostislavich of Smolensk (Theodore the Black), Kholmgorskaya letopis'.
- The legend of Sloven and Rus' and of the Town of Slovensk (Хронографический рассказ / Сказание о Словене и Русе и городе Словенске), Kholmgorskaya letopis' and Mazurinsky Chronicle.
- Tale of the Battle of Lipitsa (uk:Повість про битву на Липиці; short redaction in Novgorod First Chronicle, extended redaction in Novgorod Fourth Chronicle / Sofia First Chronicle)
- Battle of Kulikovo#Literary works of the Kulikovo cycle:
- Short Chronicle Tale
- Expanded Chronicle Tale
- Tale of the Battle with Mamai (Skazanie o Mamaevom poboishche; "chronicle redaction" letopisnaia redaktsiia in Vologodsko-Permskaia letopis' sub anno 1380).
- 6 surviving manuscripts of the Zadonshchina
- Vita of Dmitry Donskoy / Encomium to Dmitrii Ivanovich (Novgorod Fourth Chronicle sub anno 1389)
- Life of St. Sergii of Radonezh
- Eulogy to Andrey Bogolyubsky.
- Suzdalian Chronicle: Columns 367–369 contain the Short eulogy to Andrey Bogolyubsky.[18]
- Kievan Chronicle: Columns 580–595 contain the Long eulogy to Andrey Bogolyubsky,[18] alias the Tale About the Slaying of Andrej Bogoljubskij (Povĕst' ob ubienii Andreja [Bogoljubskogo]).[19]
- Tale of the Battle of the Novgorodians with the Suzdalians (Повесть о победе новгородцевъ надъ суздальцами Povest’ o pobede Novgorodtsev” nad” Suzdal’tsami).
Legal texts
editReligious texts
edit- Arkhangelsk Gospel
- Didactic gospels
- Gennady's Bible
- Kiev Psalter of 1397
- Khitrovo Gospels
- Merilo Pravednoye
- Minuscule 525
- Novgorod Codex (Novgorod Psalter)
- Ostrog Bible
- Ostromir Gospels
- Peresopnytsia Gospel
- Praying of Daniel the Immured
- Sermon on Law and Grace
- Sermons of bishop Serapion of Vladimir
- Vita of Boris and Gleb, attributed to Nestor the Hagiographer. The Tale of Boris and Gleb (Russian: Сказание о Борисе и Глебе, romanized: Skazanie o Borise i Glebe; Ukrainian: Сказання про святих Бориса і Гліба, romanized: Skazannya pro svyatykh Borysa i Hliba).
- Vita of Theodosius of the Caves (Pechersk) by Nestor the Hagiographer. (Russian: Житие Феодосия Печерского, romanized: Zhitie Feodosija Pecherskogo; Ukrainian: Житіє Феодосія Печерського, romanized: Zhytiye Feodosiya Pechers'koho).
Other
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Dimnik 2004, p. 256.
- ^ a b Dimnik 2004, p. 255.
- ^ a b Dimnik 2004, p. 255–256.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Ostrowski & Birnbaum 2014, e-PVL.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Lunt 1994, p. 10.
- ^ a b c Katchanovski et al. 2013, p. 75.
- ^ Plokhy 2006, p. 14–15.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Dimnik 2004, p. 257.
- ^ a b Ostrowski 2018, p. 36.
- ^ a b Thuis 2015, p. 287.
- ^ a b Thuis 2015, p. 249.
- ^ a b c Katchanovski et al. 2013, p. 75–76.
- ^ a b c Jonynas, Ignas (1934). "Bychovco kronika" (PDF). Lietuviškoji enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Vol. 3. Kaunas: Spaudos fondas. OCLC 1012854.
- ^ Gudmantas, Kęstutis (2012). "Lietuvos metraščio Vavelio nuorašas (fragmentas)" (PDF). Senoji Lietuvos literatūra (in Lithuanian). 34: 122, 126. ISSN 1822-3656.
- ^ a b Kotlyar, M. Galician–Volhynian Chronicle (ГАЛИЦЬКО-ВОЛИНСЬКИЙ ЛІТОПИС). Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2004
- ^ Nasonov 1955.
- ^ Timberlake 2000, p. 239.
- ^ a b Pelenski 1987, p. 314.
- ^ Pelenski 1988, p. 779.
Bibliography
editPrimary sources
edit- Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles (PSRL). Saint Petersburg: Typography of Edward Prats.
- Лѣтопись По Ипатьевскому Списку [The Chronicle according to the Hypatian Codex]. Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles (PSRL). Volume 2. 3rd Edition. Col. 15. Saint Petersburg: Typography of Edward Prats. 1908.
- Софийская первая лѣтопись [Sofia First Chronicle]. Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles (PSRL). Volume 5. 1st Edition. Saint Petersburg: Typography of Edward Prats. 1851. p. 88.
- Cross, Samuel Hazzard; Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Olgerd P. (1953) [1930]. The Russian Primary Chronicle, Laurentian Text. Translated and edited by Samuel Hazzard Cross and Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor (PDF). Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of America. p. 325. (The first 50 pages are a scholarly introduction).
- Cross, Samuel Hazzard; Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Olgerd P. (2013) [1953]. SLA 218. Ukrainian Literature and Culture. Excerpts from The Rus' Primary Chronicle (Povest vremennykh let, PVL) (PDF). Toronto: Electronic Library of Ukrainian Literature, University of Toronto. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 May 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
- Gorsky, A. A. (2012). "Приглашение Рюрика на княжение в памятниках древнерусского начального летописания" [Rurik's invitation to reign in the records of the old Rus' Primary Chronicle]. Исторический вестник (Historical Messenger) (in Russian). 1 (1). Runivers: 6–23. Retrieved 5 May 2023. (web text)
- Nasonov, A. N., ed. (1955). Псковские летописи. Выпуск второй [Pskov Chronicles. Volume Two.]. Мoscow: USSR Academy of Sciences Publishing House. p. 73.
- Ostrowski, Donald; Birnbaum, David J. (7 December 2014). "Rus' primary chronicle critical edition – Interlinear line-level collation". pvl.obdurodon.org. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
Literature
edit- Dimnik, Martin (January 2004). "The Title "Grand Prince" in Kievan Rus'". Mediaeval Studies. 66: 253–312. doi:10.1484/J.MS.2.306512. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
- Halperin, Charles J. (1987). Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History. p. 222. ISBN 9781850430575. (e-book).
- Katchanovski, Ivan; Kohut, Zenon E.; Nesebio, Bohdan Y.; Yurkevich, Myroslav (2013). Historical Dictionary of Ukraine. Lanham, Maryland; Toronto; Plymouth: Scarecrow Press. p. 992. ISBN 9780810878471. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
- Lunt, Horace G. (June 1994). "Lexical Variation in the Copies of the Rus' "Primary Chronicle": Some Methodological Problems". Ukrainian Philology and Linguistics. 18 (1–2). Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute: 10–28. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
- Martin, Janet (2007). Medieval Russia: 980–1584. Second Edition. E-book. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-36800-4.
- Ostrowski, Donald (2018). "Was There a Riurikid Dynasty in Early Rus'?". Canadian-American Slavic Studies. 52 (1): 30–49. doi:10.1163/22102396-05201009.
- Plokhy, Serhii (2006). The Origins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 378. ISBN 978-0-521-86403-9.
- Raffensperger, Christian; Ostrowski, Donald (2023). The Ruling Families of Rus: Clan, Family and Kingdom. London: Reaktion Books. p. 309. ISBN 978-1-78914-745-2. (e-book)
- Thuis, Hans (2015). Nestorkroniek. De oudste geschiedenis van het Kievse Rijk (in Dutch). Nijmegen: Uitgeverij Vantilt. p. 304. ISBN 9789460042287.
- Timberlake, Alan (2000). "Who Wrote the Laurentian Chronicle (1177–1203)?". Zeitschrift für Slavische Philologie. 59 (2). Universitätsverlag WINTER: 237–265.
Further reading
edit- Inés García de la Puente, "Beyond the Sea: On the Use of за море in the Primary Chronicle". Ruthenica. 16. 28–36. 2022.
- Horace G. Lunt, On Interpreting the Russian Primary Chronicle: The Year 1037. The Slavic and East European Journal. Vol. 32, No. 2 (Summer, 1988), pp. 251–264.