User:Murphanian777/Notre Dame Frosh

1895

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If this contest really did occur, it would have been the first recorded game between a freshman team of Notre Dame against an off-campus opponent.[1]

DateOpponentSiteResult
November 16LaPorte High SchoolNotre Dame, INCancelled?

1909

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Date Team 1 Score Team 2 Score Location Notes Source
November 13 Notre Dame Freshmen Knockers' Club (Sorin?) [note 1] [2]

1913

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Freshmen

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The first varsity froshfootball team was fielded at Notre Dame in 1913. The team was established after a new rule barred any freshmen from competing in varsity athletics. Cap Edwards, captain of the 1909 varsity team and an assistant coach to Jesse Harper, was appointed as the first frosh coach. Their first regulation game was scheduled against the varsity team for October 11, but was cancelled by coach Harper so the freshmen could play at Culver instead. On October 2, Stan Cofall was elected captain of the freshmen. In 1916, Cofall became captain of the varsity football team.

DateOpponentSiteResultSource
October 2Notre Dame VarsityNotre Dame, INL 0–5[3]
October 11Notre Dame Varsity
Cancelled [4][5]
October 11at Culver Military AcademyCulver, IN?W 6–0[6][7][8]
November 8at Toledo High SchoolToledo, OHW 10–0[9]

1914

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The 1914 Freshmen team played their single off-campus game against the Culver Military Academy, winning 12 to 0.[10] A Notre Dame tryout on September 26 consisted of seven teams, three for the Varsity and four for the freshmen. Its likely that the freshmen played several games against the Notre Dame Varsity, but the scores and schedule of these contests are largely unknown because of their status as practice games. The freshmen were coached by Mr. Gargen and Hanehan, and received assistance from Joe Dorais, brother of well-known Notre Dame quarterback Gus Dorais.[11] The freshmen team played a scrimmage against the Varsity three times per week on average, although only a few scores were recorded. The post-season Scholastic notes that the Varsity never scored more than 20 points on the freshmen (calling into question their game on September 30) and were once able to score 24 points with the help of then-assistant coach Knute Rockne. 23 members of the freshmen team were given "numerals" for the 1915 Varsity squad at the end of the season.

DateOpponentSiteResultSource
September 26Notre Dame VarsityL 0–18?[12]
September 29Notre Dame VarsityL 6–11[13][14]
September 30Notre Dame VarsityL 0–24?[15]
October 10Notre Dame VarsityNotre Dame, INUnknown [16]
October 17at Culver Military AcademyCulver, INW 12–0[17][18]
November 10Notre Dame VarsityNotre Dame, INL 0–6?[19]

1915

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1915 Notre Dame Freshman football team

In their third season as an established football team, the frosh team of Notre Dame was scheduled to play a match game against the Varsity on October 16, as a part of their official season schedule. Deacon Jones was appointed as coach after serving as captain the year prior.[20]Mr. Fitzpatrick was elected captain and played left halfback for the team in their three games off-campus.[21]

DateOpponentSiteResultSource
September 25Notre Dame VarsityL [22]
October 10 or 30at St. ViatorKankakee, INW 26 or 27–0[23][24][25]
October 16Notre Dame Varsity
  • Cartier Field
  • Notre Dame, IN
L [26][27]
October 19Notre Dame Varsity
  • Cartier Field
  • Notre Dame, IN
L [28]
November 25at Detroit Universty SchoolGrosse Pointe Woods, MIW 7–0[29]
December 4?at Culver Military AcademyCulver, INW 35–6[30][31]

1916

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1916 Notre Dame Freshman team.

The Freshman team of 1916 was coached by Freeman Fitzgerald, last season's captain of the varsity.[32] The captain of the freshman was none other than George Gipp, who went on to receive All-American honors from Walter Camp, the second at the University to be given the distinction in football after Gus Dorais. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1951, their inaugural selection year. [33]Of their three games, they faced their toughest opposition against a 6–0 Kalamazoo College team that finished first in the MIAA.[34] The freshmen also managed to defeat a St. Viator team that had recently defeated Lane Tech 205 to 0, the second-most lopsided score in college football history,[35], and won against a Western State team (later known as Western Michigan University) that had won nineteen of their last twenty games.

DateOpponentSiteResultSource
November 3St. ViatorKankakee, INW 10–7[36][37]
November 11at Western State NormalKalamazoo, MIW 10–6[38]
November 25at KalamazooKalamazoo, MIL 7–34 or 36[39][40]

1917

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A schedule for the freshman season in 1917 was released October 13.[41] They were coached by Jake Kline and captained by Mr. Donovan.[42] The freshmen compiled a 2–2 record against their off-campus opponents.[43]

DateOpponentSiteResultSource
September 29Notre Dame VarsityNotre Dame, INL 0–12[44]
October 13Culver Military AcademyCulver, INW 13–7[45]
October 20Western State NormalKalamazoo, MIL 0–83[46][47][48]
November 3at Michigan Agricultural FreshmenEast Lansing, MIW 7–0[49]
November 17at Michigan FreshmenL 3–19[50]

1918

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Freshman/reserves team

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The freshmen of 1918 were coached by Father McNamara. For the first time since the establishment of the program in 1913, the freshmen were able to defeat the varsity in a recorded contest, doing so on October 12 at Cartier field. However, Knute Rockne forbade his two best players, fullback George Gipp and quarterback Leonard Bahan, from entering the contest for fear of injuring them.[51] In their second game against the varsity team, Gipp and Bahan played for the freshman squad in an attempt to even the game, with even Rockne joining the frosh against their varsity opponents. The game ended in a 7–7 tie. [52]

DateOpponentSiteResultSource
October 12Notre Dame VarsityW 6–0[51]
October 26Notre Dame Varsity
  • Cartier Field
  • Notre Dame, IN
T 7–7[52][53][note 2]
November 2Culver Military AcademyL 6–7[54][51]
Western State NormalL 0–39[55]
at KalamazooKalamazoo, MIL 0–33[56]

1919

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The Freshmen of 1919 were coached by John Miller, a member of the 1915 and 1916 varsity teams, and assisted by Sherwood Dixon.[57] They were captained by Frederick Larson, who had played center for the varsity during their 1918 season.[58] Sixty candidates arrived for the first practice on September 22, almost double the number that tried out for the varsity.[59] That number would be cut to 25 after their game against the varsity in late September.[60] An incomplete season schedule for the frosh was released on October 4.[60] The freshmen compiled at least a 5–0 record against off-campus opponents. Their recorded record against campus opponents is 0–32, but the freshmen acted as a reserve team to the varsity, and so their were many more unrecorded scrimmage games between the two university teams during 1919.

DateOpponentSiteResultSource
September 27Notre Dame VarsityL 0–32[61]
October 11at ValparaisoValparaiso, INW 7–0[60][62][63]
October 18at Culver Military AcademyCulver, INW 36–7[64][60][65]
November 1St. ViatorW 36–0[66][57]
November 8Michigan Agricultural freshmanNotre Dame, INW 23–0[60][67]
November 27Fort Wayne T. O. P. clubFort Wayne, INW 14–0[66][note 3][68]

1920

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The freshmen of 1920 were coached by Frank Miles, and assisted by Walter Halas.[69]

DateOpponentSiteResultSource
November 25at Fort Wayne Friars
W 18–6 or 7[70][71][72]
Before December 11Culver Military AcademyW 13–7[71]

1921

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The freshman team of 1921 compiled a 3–3 record.[73] They were coached by Barry Holton and assistant coach Albert "Duke" Hodler. The freshmen also served as a scout team, adopting the plays of varsity opponents during practices under Cartier Field.[74]

 
1921 Notre Dame freshman football team
DateTimeOpponentSiteResultSource
October 8at Western State NormalKalamazoo, MIL 0–7[75][74][76]
October 14at Lake Forest AcademyLake Forest, ILL 0–21 or 22[77][74][78][79]
October 29at Great Lakes NavyChicago, ILW 21–0[74][80]
November 5at Culver Military AcademyCulver, INW 48–3[81][74][82]
November 192:00 pmat Michigan Agricultural freshmenEast Lansing, MIW 6–0[74][83][84][note 4]
November 14AlbionAlbion, MIL 7–14[74][85]
Date Team 1 Score Team 2 Score Location Notes Source
November 15 or 16 Notre Dame Freshmen 7 Notre Dame Reserves [note 5] [86][87]

1922

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1922 Freshman football team

The freshman team of 1922 was coached by Albert Hodler and compiled a 2–3 record, not including their games against the varsity team at Notre Dame.

DateOpponentSiteResultSource
September 23at Notre Dame VarsityNotre Dame, INL [88]
September 26Notre Dame VarsityNotre Dame, IN [89]
September 30at AlbionAlbion, MIL 0–31[90][88]
October 7at St. ViatorBourbonnais, ILL 7–20[91]
October 13Lake Forest AcademyLake Forest, ILW 7–0[88][92]
Michigan Agricultural freshmenW 21?–0[93]
November 3 or 4at Western State NormalKalamazoo, MIL 0–44[94][88]

1923

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1923 Notre Dame Freshman football team

The freshman team of 1923 were led by head coach Keogan and assistant coaches Rod Shaugnessey and Edward Hogan.[95]According to the 1924 edition of the University Yearbook, The Dome, the freshmen compiled a 1–1–1 record, and outscored their opponents by a total of 20 to 13.[96]

DateOpponentSiteResultSource
September 22Notre Dame VarsityL [97]
September 29at Western State NormalKalamazoo, MIL 0–15 or 7–13[98][99][96]
September 30at Elkhart local teamElkhart, INCancelled? [100]
at Culver Military AcademyCulver, INW 13–0[96]Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).[96]
October 19at Lake Forest AcademyLake Forest, ILT 0–0[101]

1924

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1924 Notre Dame freshman football team

The Freshman team was coached by George Keogan and assistant coach George Vergara. They were captained by future consensus All-American Bud Boeringer and compiled a 2–1 record against collegiate and other scholastic teams (although the contest against Twin City Athletic Association was not recognized in the freshman football section of the annual Football Review).[102][103]

DateOpponentSiteResultAttendanceSource
September 27Notre Dame VarsityNotre Dame, IN [104]
November 7at Western State NormalKalamazoo, MIW 15–7[105][103]
November 16at Twin City Athletic Association
W 12–02,000[106][107]
Lake Forest AcademyL 0–9[103]

1925

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The freshman team of 1925 compiled a 1–3 record.[108] The freshmen were coached by George Keogan and Wilbur Eaton.[109][110] For their games against Western State and the Lake Forest Academy, the freshmen were split into two groups to meet both aggregations at their home fields. This was likely a factor in why the frosh lost both contests.[111]

DateOpponentSiteResultSource
October 10ValparaisoW 19–0 or 19–7[62][109][110]
October 24at Western State NormalKalamazoo, MIL 0–21[112][113][109]
October 25at Lake Forest AcademyLake Forest, ILL 0–6[109][111]
November 29at Kokomo American Legion
  • Exposition Park
  • Kokomo, IN
L 9–13[114][115][109][116][117]

1926

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The freshmen were coached by Basil Stanley[118] and George Keogan. Since the freshman team was first established in 1913, each squad had played at least one regular game against a non-campus opponent. This was the first year that this tradition was not upheld, with the frosh serving only as practice opponents for the varsity team three or four times per week.[119]

DateOpponentSiteResultSource
October 6Notre Dame ThirdsNotre Dame, INunknown [120]

1927

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In their annual pre-season game against the varsity team, the freshmen were crushed by a wide margin, with a Scholastic article writing, "No accurate score was kept of the proceedings, as there were no adding machines available. However, a conservative estimate of Varsity 110, Freshmen, 0, will not be far from wrong"[121]. Although this was most likely an exaggeration, the game lasted two hours, and if the varsity were trying to test their offensive prowess against an overmatched opponent, its possible that the score was somewhere within the high scoring range.

DateOpponentSiteResultAttendanceSource
September 24Notre Dame varsityL 0–1105,000[121]

1928

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DateOpponentSiteResultAttendanceSource
September 22at Notre Dame VarsityL 0–875,000[122][123]

1929

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The freshman of 1929 played only one game during the season, a 97-point loss in the annual frosh-varsity contest at the beginning of the season. As a result of the crushing losses against the varsity in previous years, and the tendency for frosh and varsity players to be injured during the season scrimmages, Coaches Tommy Mills and Bill Jones decided that the freshmen would instead focus on practicing as a separate unit for the remainder of the season. This departure from their role as a scout team allowed the freshmen to refine their game before a select few could make the varsity team. 200 men reported for practice on the first day of freshman practice and were divided into seven teams, and by the end of the season 80 received their numerals.[124]

OpponentSiteResultSource
Notre Dame VarsityL 0–96[124]
Notre Dame Varsity
  • Cartier Field
  • Notre Dame, IN
L 0–72[124]

1930

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Notre Dame field a freshmen team of 35 men, coached under Manfre Vezie and William Jones.[125]

DateTimeOpponentSiteResultSource
September 19Notre Dame reserves/varsityL 0–78[126]
September 261:30 p.m.Notre Dame Varsity [127]

1931

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The freshman team of 1931 were coached by Art Parisien, Jake Kline, Clarence Kaplan and Jack Carberry. Over two-hundred men arrived for the first day of frosh practice, and the majority of them acted as a scout team for the varsity for the remainder of the season. Fifty-three received "numerals", which was the highest honor on the freshman team.[128]

1932

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The frosh team of 1932 was best known for defeating the varsity team on three separate occasions throughout the fall practice season. The freshman scout team first accomplished this using the Carnegie Tech game plan, and repeated this twice using plays from Army and then USC.[129][130] They were coached by Jake Kline, with assistance from George Kozak, McNamara, and Christman.

DateOpponentSiteResultSource
Before October 22Notre Dame VarsityNotre Dame, INW [129]
Before November 6Notre Dame VarsityNotre Dame, INW [129]
Before December 10Notre Dame VarsityNotre Dame, INW [129]

1933

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The varsity freshman team, coached by Jake Kline, lost 60 to 0 in their annual pre-season contest against the varsity. The freshmen continued their role as a de-facto scout team for the varsity during the 1933 season.

DateOpponentSiteResultSource
September 30Notre Dame VarsityL 0–60[131][132]

1934

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A hundred men reported for practice on the first week of the football season. The frosh were taught fundamental football drills and then began to take on their position as the scouting unit for the Fighting Irish varsity. They were coached by Jake Kline, Tom "Kitty" Gorman, Ed Vizral, and Hugh Devore.[133] In the annual Varsity-frosh pre-season contest, the freshmen were shutout by the Varsity 28 to 0.

DateTimeOpponentSiteResultAttendanceSource
September 292:30 pmNotre Dame VarsityL 0–285,000[134][135]

1935

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DateOpponentSiteResultSource
October 4Notre Dame Varsityunknown [note 6][136]

1936

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The frosh were coached by Jake Kline, and continued to act as a scout time for the varsity, although they now shared this responsibility with the various reserve teams. Assistant coaches included Bill Shakespeare, Wally Fromhart and Hank Pojman.[137] The reserves finished with a 1–3 record.[138]

DateTimeOpponentSiteResultAttendanceSource
September 262:30 pmNotre DameL 0–335,000[139]

1937

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The frosh were coached by Jake Kline, and assistants Steve Miller and Hank Pojman for the 1937 season. In their annual pre-season game against the varsity team, the freshman suffered a 0–22 defeat.

DateOpponentSiteResultSource
September 25Notre Dame VarsityL 0–22[note 7][140][141]

1938

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150 freshman reported to coach Jake Kline for the 1938 season. In their annual pre-season game against the varsity, the frosh managed to hold the varsity to a 20–0 score, the closest in the series since 1932.

DateOpponentSiteResultSource
September 24Notre Dame VarsityL 0–20[142][143]

1939

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Interclass football

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Overdue equipment finally arrived at the University in late November, including 210 new uniforms and 150 helmets. This prompted the S.A.C. to devise a short schedule for an intramural fall football season. Instead of creating a tournament between the various residence halls, the committee decided to form an interclass football tournament, with a freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior team.[144] An article that explained the re-introduction of intramural football confirmed that the last few seasons had been tumultuous because of injuries that occurred during the fateful 1935 season, likely in reference to the death of Richard Sullivan. Only men that were 150 pounds or less were permitted to participate in the interclass season, effectively barring any varsity members from adding unfair talent to the intramural season and allowing "lightweights" to get a chance to play football at Notre Dame. The league purposely mirrored the lightweight football teams that had sprung up in some eastern colleges, a type of distinction that would eventually become known as Sprint football.[145] To avoid any confusion in the next season, the S. A. C. announced that interhall football would return in it's traditional format.

Date Team 1 Score Team 2 Score Location Notes Source
Semi-finals
December 3 Freshmen 0 Sophomores 0 Cartier Field [144][145]
December 3 Juniors 0? Seniors 0? Cartier Field [144][145]
Before December 8 Freshmen 6 Sophomores 0 [145]
Before December 8 Juniors Seniors [145]
Interclass championship
December 8 Freshmen 0 Juniors 13 Cartier Field [144][145]

Interclass Freshmen

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A team representing the freshmen class competed in a short inter-class lightweight football league during the 1939 season. Under coaches Joe DeFranco, Joe Thesing and Thad Harvey, the frosh compiled a 1–1–1 record and lost to the juniors in the interclass championship.[145]

Varsity Freshmen

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Around 150 men reported for frosh practice at the beginning of the season. They were coached by Jake Kline.

DateOpponentSiteResultSource
September 23Notre Dame VarsityL 0–7+[146][note 8]

1940

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Ninety candidates reported to the frosh squad under coaches Jake Kline and Al Mooney.[147]

DateOpponentSiteResultSource
Septemberat Notre Dame VarsityNotre Dame, INL 0–70?[148]

1941

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Notes

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  1. ^ This may have been the first interhall game involving a team under the identity of 'Notre Dame freshmen". Only one half of this game was played. Bill Martin probably captained the freshman team.
  2. ^ This was probably the freshman team.
  3. ^ This team was the successor to the old "Fort Wayne Friars" semi-professional team.
  4. ^ While the Notre Dame team claimed a 6 to 0 victory, they officially forfeited the contest to the Michigan Agricultural freshmen following a disputed touchdown call that would have tied the game 6–6. Assistant coach Duke Hodler removed his players from the contest after he observed an incomplete touchdown pass that was ruled legitimate by the referee.
  5. ^ The freshmen scored 7 points in their game against a team made up of the second and third string players of the varsity. It is unknown who won, although it was likely the reserve team.
  6. ^ The freshmen used Carnegie Tech plays.
  7. ^ This was dubbed the annual Varsity-Frosh pre-season game
  8. ^ It's probable that the varsity scored significantly more than seven points.

References

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  1. ^ http://archives.nd.edu/Scholastic/VOL_0029/VOL_0029_ISSUE_0011.pdf
  2. ^ "Notre Dame Scholastic" (PDF). The Scholastic. November 20, 1909. p. 174.
  3. ^ "Athletic Notes" (PDF). The Scholastic. October 4, 1913. p. 31.
  4. ^ "Sorin, 7;Brownson, 0" (PDF). The Scholastic. September 27, 1913. p. 78.
  5. ^ "Athletic Notes" (PDF). The Scholastic. October 11, 1913. p. 47.
  6. ^ "Athletic Notes" (PDF). The Scholastic. October 11, 1913. p. 48.
  7. ^ "First Clash Sunday". South Bend News-Times. 1914-10-16. p. 10. Retrieved 2020-08-17.
  8. ^ "Freshmen Defeat Culver" (PDF). The Scholastic. October 18, 1913. p. 62.
  9. ^ "The Freshman Team" (PDF). The Scholastic. December 13, 1913. p. 372.
  10. ^ "To Banquet Freshmen". South Bend News-Times. 1914-11-25. p. 6. Retrieved 2020-08-17.
  11. ^ "Seven Elevens On Notre Dame Field". The South Bend Tribune. 1914-09-26. p. 16. Retrieved 2020-08-20.
  12. ^ http://archives.nd.edu/Scholastic/VOL_0048/VOL_0048_ISSUE_0003.pdf
  13. ^ "Seven Elevens On Notre Dame Field". The South Bend Tribune. 1914-09-26. p. 16. Retrieved 2020-08-20.
  14. ^ http://archives.nd.edu/Scholastic/VOL_0048/VOL_0048_ISSUE_0003.pdf
  15. ^ http://archives.nd.edu/Scholastic/VOL_0048/VOL_0048_ISSUE_0003.pdf
  16. ^ "Great Games For Notre Dame Squad". The South Bend Tribune. 1914-03-11. p. 12. Retrieved 2020-08-20.
  17. ^ "First Clash Sunday". South Bend News-Times. 1914-10-16. p. 10. Retrieved 2020-08-17.
  18. ^ "Freshmen Beat Culver". South Bend News-Times. 1914-10-19. p. 8. Retrieved 2020-08-20.
  19. ^ "Stop Carlisle Plays". The Indianapolis Star. 1914-11-11. p. 8. Retrieved 2020-08-20.
  20. ^ "The Football Outlook" (PDF). The Scholastic. September 18, 1915. p. 31.
  21. ^ "The Freshman Team" (PDF). The Scholastic. December 11, 1915. p. 222.
  22. ^ "First Football Game To-Day" (PDF). The Scholastic. October 2, 1915. p. 62.
  23. ^ "Team Records Game by Game". web.archive.org. 2015-09-11. Retrieved 2020-11-04.
  24. ^ "Freshmen Football Practice" (PDF). The Scholastic. September 25, 1915. p. 48.
  25. ^ "The Freshman Team" (PDF). The Scholastic. December 11, 1915. p. 222.
  26. ^ "The Football Outlook" (PDF). The Scholastic. September 18, 1915. p. 31.
  27. ^ "Varsity Football" (PDF). The Scholastic. October 23, 1915. p. 111.
  28. ^ "Varsity Football" (PDF). The Scholastic. October 23, 1915. p. 111.
  29. ^ "The Freshman Team" (PDF). The Scholastic. December 11, 1915. p. 222.
  30. ^ "Freshmen Football Practice" (PDF). The Scholastic. September 25, 1915. p. 48.
  31. ^ "The Freshman Team" (PDF). The Scholastic. December 11, 1915. p. 222.
  32. ^ "Football" (PDF). The Scholastic. September 23, 1916. p. 16.
  33. ^ "The Freshmen" (PDF). The Scholastic. December 9, 1916. p. 185.
  34. ^ "Kalamazoo College Athletics" (PDF). Kalamazoo College Athletics. Retrieved 2020-11-05.
  35. ^ Norm, Travis (2017-07-26). "Georgia Tech's 222". OnePointSafety. Retrieved 2020-11-06.
  36. ^ "Notre Dame, 14; M. A. C., 0" (PDF). The Scholastic. November 25, 1916. p. 158.
  37. ^ "Team Records Game by Game". web.archive.org. 2015-09-11. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  38. ^ "Football Records: Year-By-Year Results - 1910-19". Western Michigan University Athletics. Retrieved 2020-09-25.
  39. ^ "Notre Dame, 14; M. A. C., 0" (PDF). The Scholastic. November 25, 1916. p. 158.
  40. ^ "Kalamazoo College Athletics" (PDF). Kalamazoo College Athletics. Retrieved 2020-11-05.
  41. ^ "Freshmen Football Schedule" (PDF). The Scholastic. October 13, 1917. p. 47.
  42. ^ "Freshmen Game" (PDF). The Scholastic. October 20, 1917. p. 64.
  43. ^ "The Freshman Team" (PDF). The Scholastic. December 1, 1917. p. 156.
  44. ^ "Athletic Notes" (PDF). The Scholastic. October 6, 1917. p. 31.
  45. ^ "Freshmen Game" (PDF). The Scholastic. October 20, 1917. p. 64.
  46. ^ "Football Records: Year-By-Year Results - 1910-19". Western Michigan University Athletics. Retrieved 2020-09-25.
  47. ^ "Freshmen Game" (PDF). The Scholastic. October 20, 1917. p. 64.
  48. ^ "Kazoo Normals Score Heavily In Tame Bout". Detroit Free Press. 1917-10-21. p. 19. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
  49. ^ "The Freshman Team" (PDF). The Scholastic. December 1, 1917. p. 156.
  50. ^ "Michigan Freshmen, 19; N. D. Freshmen, 3" (PDF). The Scholastic. November 24, 1917. p. 143.
  51. ^ a b c "Athletic Notes" (PDF). The Scholastic. October 19, 1918. p. 29.
  52. ^ a b "Athletic Notes" (PDF). The Scholastic. November 2, 1918. p. 61.
  53. ^ Cite error: The named reference V52I3p44 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  54. ^ "Team Records Game by Game". web.archive.org. 2015-09-15. Retrieved 2020-11-04.
  55. ^ "Football Records: Year-By-Year Results - 1910-19". Western Michigan University Athletics. Retrieved 2020-09-25.
  56. ^ "Athletic Notes" (PDF). The Scholastic. October 4, 1919. p. 30.
  57. ^ a b "N. D. Freshmen Football, 1919" (PDF). The Scholastic. December 6, 1919. p. 171.
  58. ^ Cite error: The named reference V53I3p47 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  59. ^ "Athletic Notes" (PDF). The Scholastic. September 27, 1919. p. 16.
  60. ^ a b c d e "Freshman-Varsity Scrimmage" (PDF). The Scholastic. October 4, 1919. p. 31.
  61. ^ "Freshman-Varsity Scrimmage" (PDF). The Scholastic. October 4, 1919. p. 30.
  62. ^ a b https://cdn.streamlinehosting.net/valpoathletics/D93C0AF4-538A-4CC1-B2EE-4B4A13941237/ValpoFB_All-TimeResults_121119.pdf
  63. ^ "Athletic Notes" (PDF). The Scholastic. October 18, 1919. p. 63.
  64. ^ "Team Records Game by Game". web.archive.org. 2015-09-14. Retrieved 2020-11-04.
  65. ^ "Athletic Notes" (PDF). The Scholastic. October 25, 1919. p. 78.
  66. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference V53I9p143 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  67. ^ "Athletic Notes" (PDF). The Scholastic. p. 128. {{cite news}}: Text "dateNovember 15, 1919" ignored (help)
  68. ^ "N. D. Freshmen Football, 1919" (PDF). The Scholastic. December 6, 1919. p. 173.
  69. ^ "Chez Nous and Elsewhere" (PDF). The Scholastic. October 2, 1920. p. 31.
  70. ^ "1920 Fort Wayne Friars - Pro Football Archives". www.profootballarchives.com. Retrieved 2020-08-22.
  71. ^ a b "Our Football Freshmen" (PDF). The Scholastic. December 11, 1920. p. 180.
  72. ^ "Notre Dame News". South Bend News-Times. 1920-11-27. p. 4. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  73. ^ "Notre Dame football's 7 Mules". ndnation.com. Retrieved 2020-11-09.
  74. ^ a b c d e f g "The Freshmen" (PDF). The Scholastic. December, 1921. p. 219. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  75. ^ "Football Records: Year-By-Year Results - 1920-29". Western Michigan University Athletics. Retrieved 2020-09-25.
  76. ^ "Freshmen Also Lose". The South Bend Tribune. 1921-10-10. p. 10. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
  77. ^ "1921 Schedule/Results". Lake Forest College Athletics. Retrieved 2020-11-20.
  78. ^ "Freshmen Lose Again". The South Bend Tribune. 1921-10-15. p. 10. Retrieved 2020-11-20.
  79. ^ "Albion Game by Game against Opponents". web.archive.org. 2015-09-10. Retrieved 2020-11-20.
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