Article Copyedits edit
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| The network has 28,900 km of submarineand 1,600 km of terrestrial fiber opticcables, operated in a triple-ring configuration. | The network has 28,900 km of submarineand 1,600 km of terrestrial fiber opticcables, all which operate in a triple-ring configuration. |
| Initially, each cable had a bandwidth capacity of 120 gigabit/s, but was doubled in an upgrade in April 2008, with a further upgrade to 860 gigabit/s at the end of 2008. | Initially, each cable had a bandwidth capacity of 120 gigabit/s. In April of 2008 this capacity was doubled, and was once again upgraded to 860 gigabit/s at the end of 2008. |
| After successful trials of 40G technology the first 400G of a planned 800G upgrade has been completed in February 2012, with the remaining 400G completed in December 2012. | After successful trials of 40G technology, the first 400G of a planned 800G upgrade was completed in February 2012, and the remaining 400G was completed in December 2012. |
| The latest augmentation will also deploy CienaFlexiGrid technology, increase Southern Cross potential capacity to 12 Tbit/s. | The latest augmentation will also deploy CienaFlexiGrid technology, which will increase Southern Cross potential capacity to 12 Tbit/s. |
| In 2013 the New Zealand Heraldreported that the owners of the Southern Cross cable had asked the United States National Security Agency to pay them for mass surveillanceof New Zealand internet activity through the cable. | In 2013, the New Zealand Heraldreported that the owners of the Southern Cross cable had asked the United States National Security Agency to pay them for mass surveillanceof New Zealand internet activity through the cable. |
| Norman said that as the cable is the only point of telecommunications access from New Zealand, this would allow the Government to spy on all phone calls and internet traffic from New Zealand. | Norman said that since the cable is the only point of telecommunications access from New Zealand, it would allow the Government to spy on all phone calls and internet traffic coming from New Zealand. |
Section Additions edit
Updates to the Cable
- About every two or three years, the Southern Cross Company makes an effort to upgrade the cables in some way or another.[1] The latest update occurred in June of 2014 with 900Gbps being added.[1]
Company
The cables are the result of an agreement between companies Spark Trading, Optus, MFS Globenet, and Southern Cross. The agreement was reached between the companies in 1997 as a response to unexpected growth of the internet that created a need for a submarine cable link connecting the West Coast and Australasia.[1]
The Southern Cross Cable Network has multiple offices located in Bermuda, Sydney, Auckland, and Wellington.[2]
Laurie Miller was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer in February 2019.[3]
Misc. Content Additions edit
[4] New Source
There are nine landing stations within the cable network.[4]
The cable was a private investment and there was in estimated $1.5 billion spent initially in its development. [4]
General Info on Cross Cables
- While designing cable routes, communications companies have made relationships with with scientists and others to correspond and build up our overall oceanic knowledge. Due to the importance of cables and a consumer’s current reliance on them, they have had an impact on our aquatic knowledge, monitoring, and extraction. In addition, the cross cable industry has had an impact on the military, on scientists, and on the industrial industry.[5]
- Their biggest general impact comes with mapping. In order to lay the cables down in the ocean, a company must know the mapping of the seafloor in that area. Cables have to be placed strategically as to not get caught in currents, twisted in reefs, or stuck on significant debris. The demand for this type of knowledge led to a need for more research to be done through depth soundings and mappings. The cables also led to an increase in knowledge on the ocean’s inhabitants.[5]
- The cables have little direct environmental impact, but they still are involved and impactful of the environmental changes that have occurred since cable’s inception.[5]
- There is incentive to further develop these undersea maps because better maps lead to a more durable cable network system. Therefore, the most recent type of ship that physically lays down cables such as the Southern Cross cable actually map out the seafloor, currents, and turbidity of the ocean as they are laying the cable.[5]
General Info on Southern Cross Cables
- Southern Cross carries 30% of the Asia Pacific region's active capacity. [6]
- Southern Cross has five data-center locations in Seattle, Silicon Valley, and Los Angeles. [3]
Southern Cross Next edit
Southern Cross Next is a new route addition to the Southern Cross Cables. This new addition began construction in 2019 and is predicted to be completed by 2022[7]. When finished, the new link will be the largest capacity data link between Sydney, Auckland, and Los Angeles at 16, 148 km[7]. The cable is predicted to cost around $300 million and is owned by the same companies with the same stakes[7].
When finished, Southern Cross Next will be able to carry 72 terabits per second.[2]
This next cable will not be a stand-alone cable, it was designed to be an extension of the original Southern Cross Cable. The same companies are funding this new segment, with the addition of Australian Telecommunication company, Telestra.[8] Spark New Zealand announced that Telestra was becoming a 25% stakeholder in the cables in August 2019, at the same press conference they announced that Southern Cross Next was fully approved. [8]
This new route will provide international cable connectivity to Fiji, Tokelau, and Kiribati. [2]
Response to Peer Review edit
I have started pulling relevant information from the earlier class reading as suggested and am finding it very useful. It is more general information as it doesn’t specifically cover that Southern Cross Cables, but I think that general info on cables is actually a missing piece of the original article. My research has found that there actual isnt a direct link to negative environmental impact, so I hadn’t included anything but I think you are right that it should be addressed because there is definitely a relationship between the environment and the cables and there has been controversy about it in past history.
Links edit
Image Addition edit
References edit
- ^ a b c "FAQ". www.southerncrosscables.com. Retrieved 2019-10-01.
- ^ a b c "Southern Cross NEXT Cable Enters Construction Phase". www.businesswire.com. 2019-10-01. Retrieved 2019-11-26.
- ^ a b "Building better Connections: Southern Cross Cables Limited". The Silicon Review. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
- ^ a b c "Southern Cross - Submarine Networks". www.submarinenetworks.com. Retrieved 2019-10-14.
- ^ a b c d Starosielski, Nicole (2015). "The Undersea Network". Duke University Press.
- ^ "Southern Cross NEXT cable green-lit for development". www.capacitymedia.com. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
- ^ a b c "Southern Cross begins building 16,000km cable between Australia and US". www.datacenterdynamics.com. Retrieved 2019-11-19.
- ^ a b "Agreements signed for build of new Southern Cross NEXT cable". www.sparknz.co.nz. Retrieved 2019-11-26.
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