User:Mr pand/Alfred Bitini Xuma

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Alfred Bitini Xuma (March 8 1893 - 1962)^[1] was a South African leader and activist and president-general of the African National Congress (ANC) from 1940 to 1949^[2].

He was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha, the first intercollegiate Greek-letter fraternity established for African Americans.^[3]

Biography

Alfred Bitini Xuma was born on March 8, 1893 in the Transkei region of South Africa, the son of Abraham Mangali Xuma and Elizabeth Cupase Xuma, both of whom were farmers who had not received any formal schooling.^[1]

Notes and References

^ ^a ^b Limb, Peter (May 2006). "Xuma, Alfred Bitini (1893–1962)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-11-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
^ "Dr. A. B. Xuma: Rise of African Nationalism". The Times. 1962-01-30. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ *Wesley, Charles H. (1981) [1928]. The History of Alpha Phi Alpha, A Development in College Life (14th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Foundation Publishers. pp. pp.148, 239. ASIN: B000ESQ14W. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)

[oxforddnb-1] Limb, Peter (May 2006). "Xuma, Alfred Bitini (1893–1962)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-11-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

[timesobituary-2] "Dr. A. B. Xuma: Rise of African Nationalism". The Times. 1962-01-30. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[3] *Wesley, Charles H. (1981) [1928]. The History of Alpha Phi Alpha, A Development in College Life (14th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Foundation Publishers. pp. pp.148, 239. ASIN: B000ESQ14W. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)

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