| Temporomandibular joint dysfunction | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome, temporomandibular disorder, temporomandibular joint and muscle disorders[1] |
 | |
| Temporomandibular joint | |
| Specialty | Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Oral medicine |
| Symptoms | Pain in the jaw joint and surrounding muscles, clicking, stiffness[1] |
| Complications | None[2] |
| Causes | Unclear[2] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms after ruling out other potential causes[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Ear infection, sinusitis, migraines, temporal arteritis, trigeminal neuralgia[1][2] |
| Treatment | Eating soft food, using an ice pack, NSAIDs, bite guard[1] |
| Frequency | Common[2] |
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD, TMJD) is a group of conditions that result in pain and dysfunction of the muscles that move the jaw and the jaw joint.[1] The most common symptoms are pain in the jaw joint and surrounding muscles.[1] Other symptoms may include joint sounds, decreased ability to move the jaw, stiffness, and pain in the face or neck.[1] While it does not result in complications the condition may be long term.[2]
In most cases the cause is unclear.[1] A number of theories have been put forwards including injury, osteoarthritis, muscular, neurological, and psychological.[1] Diagnosis is based on symptoms following ruling out other potential causes.[1]
Recommended measures include eating soft food, using an ice pack, NSAIDs, and a bite guard.[1] Physical therapy and stress management may also be useful.[2] The use of bite guards; however, should not be long term.[1] The use of surgery should be avoided.[1] Outcomes are generally good.[2]
Up to 40% of people are affected to some degree and about 4% of adults are newly affected each year.[2] It is the second most frequent cause of orofacial pain after toothaches.[3] The most common age of those affected is 30 to 40.[3] Women appear to be more commonly affect than men.[1] The first modern described was in 1814, though discuss of the problem date back to Ancient Egypt.[4][5]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "TMJ (Temporomandibular Joint & Muscle Disorders) | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research". www.nidcr.nih.gov. July 2018. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Maini, K; Dua, A (January 2020). "Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome". PMID 31869076.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b Manfredini D, Guarda-Nardini L, Winocur E, Piccotti F, Ahlberg J, Lobbezoo F (October 2011). "Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review of axis I epidemiologic findings" (PDF). Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics. 112 (4): 453–62. doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.04.021. PMID 21835653.
- ^ Fonseca, Raymond J. (2017). Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - E-Book: 3-Volume Set. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 904. ISBN 978-0-323-44442-2.
- ^ Wright, Edward F. (2011). Manual of Temporomandibular Disorders. John Wiley & Sons. p. PT13. ISBN 978-1-119-94955-8.