| Sex cord–gonadal stromal tumor | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Sex cord–stromal tumour,[1] sex cord tumor[2] |
 | |
| Micrograph of a granulosa cell tumour, a type of sex-cord–gonadal stromal tumour. H&E stain. | |
| Specialty | Oncology, gynecology, urology |
| Symptoms | Females Adnexal mass, abdominal bloating, male pattern hair growth, menstrual changes[3]: Males: Painless testicular mass[4] |
| Complications | Ovarian torsion[3] |
| Usual onset | Variable[3][5] |
| Types | Granulosa, sertoli cell, sex cord tumor with annular tubules, gynandroblastoma, steroid cell, Leydig cell[2][1] |
| Diagnostic method | Supported by medical imaging and blood tests, confirmed by microscopic examination[6][7][5] |
| Differential diagnosis | Other ovarian or testicular tumors[1][5] |
| Treatment | Surgery[3][5] |
| Frequency | ~5% of ovarian and testicular tumors[3][5] |
Sex cord–gonadal stromal tumors are a group of tumors derived from the stroma or sex cord of the ovary or testis.[6][2] They may be benign or cancerous.[6] In women, symptoms may include adnexal mass, abdominal bloating, male pattern hair growth, and menstrual changes.[3] Complications may include ovarian torsion.[3] In males symptoms typically include a painless testicular mass.[4]
Types include granulosa tumors, sertoli cell tumors, sex cord tumor with annular tubules, gynandroblastoma, steroid cell tumors, and Leydig cell tumors.[2][1] Diagnosis may be supported by medical imaging and blood tests and confirmed by microscopic examination.[6][7][5] They are in contrast, to surface epithelial-stromal tumors which arise from the lining around the gonads and germ cell tumors which arise from the precursor cells of the gametes.[1]
Treatment is generally by surgery.[3][5] This group accounts for 5% of ovarian tumors and 5% of testicular cancers.[3][5] Different types present at different ages.[3][5] In females surface epithelial-stromal tumors are more common and in males germ cell tumors are more common.[8][5]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e "WHO classification". www.pathologyoutlines.com. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
- ^ a b c d "https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/sex-cord-stromal-tumor". www.cancer.gov. 2 February 2011. Archived from the original on 13 April 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
{{cite web}}: External link in|title= - ^ a b c d e f g h i j Schultz, KA; Harris, AK; Schneider, DT; Young, RH; Brown, J; Gershenson, DM; Dehner, LP; Hill, DA; Messinger, YH; Frazier, AL (October 2016). "Ovarian Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors". Journal of oncology practice. 12 (10): 940–946. doi:10.1200/JOP.2016.016261. PMID 27858560.
- ^ a b "Orphanet: Sex cord stromal tumor of testis". www.orpha.net. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Kapoor, M; Budh, DP (January 2020). "Sex Cord Stromal Testicular Tumor". StatPearls. PMID 32644342.
- ^ a b c d "Sex cord stromal ovarian tumours | Ovarian cancer | Cancer Research UK". www.cancerresearchuk.org. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
- ^ a b "Orphanet: Malignant sex cord stromal tumor of ovary". www.orpha.net. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2021. Cite error: The named reference "Orph2021" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Saba, Luca; Acharya, U. Rajendra; Guerriero, Stefano; Suri, Jasjit S. (2014). Ovarian Neoplasm Imaging. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 243. ISBN 978-1-4614-8633-6. Archived from the original on 2021-07-10. Retrieved 2021-02-23.