 | |
 | |
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Actos, others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a699016 |
| License data | |
| Pregnancy category |
|
| Routes of administration | By mouth |
| Drug class | Thiazolidinedione |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Protein binding | >99% |
| Metabolism | liver (CYP2C8) |
| Elimination half-life | 3–7 hours |
| Excretion | in bile |
| Identifiers | |
| |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C19H20N2O3S |
| Molar mass | 356.44 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| Chirality | Racemic mixture |
| Melting point | 183 to 184 °C (361 to 363 °F) |
| |
| |
| (verify) | |
Pioglitazone, sold under the brand name Actos among others, is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes.[1] It may be used with metformin, a sulfonylurea, or insulin.[1][2] Use is recommended together with exercise and diet.[2] It is not recommended in type 1 diabetes.[2] It is taken by mouth.[2]
Common side effects include headaches, muscle pains, inflammation of the throat, and swelling.[2] Serious side effects may include bladder cancer, low blood sugar, heart failure, and osteoporosis.[2][1] Use in not recommended in pregnancy or breastfeeding.[1] It is in the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class and works by improving sensitivity of tissues to insulin.[1]
Pioglitazone was patented in 1985, and came into medical use in 1999.[4] It is available as a generic medication.[1] A month supply in the United Kingdom costs the NHS less than £1 as of 2019.[1] In the United States the wholesale cost of this amount is about US$3.20.[5] In 2017, it was the 125th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than five million prescriptions.[6][7] It was withdrawn in France and Germany in 2011.[8]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. p. 694. ISBN 9780857113382.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Pioglitazone Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
- ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
- ^ Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 450. ISBN 9783527607495.
- ^ "NADAC as of 2019-02-27". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
- ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "Pioglitazone - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ Burant, Charles (2012). Medical Management of Type 2 Diabetes. American Diabetes Association. p. 63. ISBN 9781580404570.