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User:Mr. Ibrahem/Phenylephrine

< User:Mr. Ibrahem
Mr. Ibrahem/Phenylephrine
Skeletal formula of phenylephrine
Ball-and-stick model of the phenylephrine molecule
Clinical data
Pronunciation/ˌfɛnəlˈɛfriːn, fiː-, -ɪn/
Trade namesMany[1]
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
License data
Routes of
administration		By mouth, in the nose, on the eye, intravenous, intramuscular
Drug classAlpha-adrenergic agonist
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability38% through GI tract
Protein binding95%
MetabolismLiver (oxidative deamination)
Onset of actionVery rapid (IV); within 20 min (by mouth)[2]
Elimination half-life2.1–3.4 h
Duration of actionUp to 20 min (IV); 4 hrs (by mouth)[2]
Identifiers
  • (R)-3-[-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC9H13NO2
Molar mass167.205 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O[C@H](c1cc(O)ccc1)CNC
  • InChI=1S/C9H13NO2/c1-10-6-9(12)7-3-2-4-8(11)5-7/h2-5,9-12H,6H2,1H3/t9-/m0/s1 checkY
  • Key:SONNWYBIRXJNDC-VIFPVBQESA-N checkY
  (verify)

Phenylephrine is a medication primarily used as a decongestant, to dilate the pupil, to increase blood pressure, and to relieve hemorrhoids.[2][3] While marketed as a decongestant, taken by mouth at recommended doses it is of unclear benefit for hay fever.[2] It can be taken by mouth, given by injection into a vein or muscle, or applied to the skin.[2]

Common side effects when taken by mouth or injected include nausea, headache, and anxiety.[2] Use on hemorrhoids is generally well tolerated.[2] Severe side effects may include a slow heart rate, intestinal ischemia, chest pain, kidney failure, and tissue death at the site of injection.[2][3] It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe.[2] Phenylephrine is a selective α1-adrenergic receptor activator which results in the constriction of both arteries and veins.[2]

Phenylephrine was patented in 1927 and came into medical use in 1938.[5] It is available as a generic medication.[3] In the United Kingdom the injectable formulation costs the NHS £4 per vial.[3] Unlike pseudoephedrine, abuse of phenylephrine is very uncommon.[6]

References edit

  1. ^ "Phenylephrine (DB00388)". DrugBank. Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Phenylephrine Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. AHFS. Archived from the original on 11 January 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d e British national formulary : BNF 76 (76, 1140 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 188–189. ISBN 9780857113382.
  4. ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  5. ^ Fischer, Janos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 541. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 2021-04-27. Retrieved 2019-01-10.
  6. ^ "Max Strength Decongestant Tablets" (PDF). www.mhra.gov.uk. p. 10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 August 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
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