 | |
| Monoclonal antibody | |
|---|---|
| Type | Whole antibody |
| Source | Humanized (from mouse) |
| Target | PD-1 |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Keytruda |
| Other names | MK-3475, lambrolizumab |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a614048 |
| License data |
|
| Pregnancy category |
|
| Routes of administration | IV |
| Drug class | Antineoplastic agents |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C6534H10004N1716O2036S46 |
| Molar mass | 146648.64 g·mol−1 |
Pembrolizumab (formerly lambrolizumab, brand name Keytruda) is a medication used in cancer immunotherapy.[3] This includes to treat melanoma, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, cervical cancer, and stomach cancer.[3] It is given by slow injection into a vein.[3]
Common side effects include tiredness, musculoskeletal pain, decreased appetite, itchy skin, diarrhea, nausea, rash, fever, cough, difficulty breathing, constipation, and abdominal pain.[3] Other side effects include liver problems and kidney problems.[3] Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is not recommended.[4] It is an IgG4 isotype humanized antibody that blocks a protective mechanism of cancer cells and thereby, allows the immune system to destroy them.[3] It targets the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) receptor of lymphocytes.[3]
Pembrolizumab was approved for medical use in the United States in 2014.[3] In 2017, it was approved for any non removable or metastatic solid tumor with certain genetic anomalies (mismatch repair deficiency or microsatellite instability).[5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines as an alternative for nivolumab.[6] In the United Kingdom the typical dose costs 5,260 pounds every three weeks as of 2020.[7] In the United States this amount costs 8,760 USD.[8]
References edit
- ^ a b "Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 24 September 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
- ^ "Keytruda 50 mg powder for concentrate for solution for infusion - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 7 April 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Pembrolizumab Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
- ^ "Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
- ^ Syn, Nicholas L; Teng, Michele W L; Mok, Tony S K; Soo, Ross A (2017). "De-novo and acquired resistance to immune checkpoint targeting". The Lancet Oncology. 18 (12): e731–e741. doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30607-1. PMID 29208439.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ BNF 79. London: Pharmaceutical Press. March 2020. p. 909. ISBN 978-0857113658.
- ^ Huang, M; Lou, Y; Pellissier, J; Burke, T; Liu, FX; Xu, R; Velcheti, V (August 2017). "Cost Effectiveness of Pembrolizumab vs. Standard-of-Care Chemotherapy as First-Line Treatment for Metastatic NSCLC that Expresses High Levels of PD-L1 in the United States". PharmacoEconomics. 35 (8): 831–844. doi:10.1007/s40273-017-0527-z. PMID 28620848.