 Bag of packed red blood cells. | |
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Stored packed red blood cells, packed cells, red cell concentrate, red cell component |
| Routes of administration | IV |
Packed red blood cells, also known as packed cells, are red blood cells that have been separated for blood transfusion.[2] The packed cells are typically used in anemia that is either causing symptoms or when the hemoglobin is less than usually 70–80 g/L (7–8 g/dL).[2][3][4] In adults, one unit brings up hemoglobin levels by about 10 g/L (1 g/dL).[5][6] Repeated transfusions may be required in people receiving cancer chemotherapy or who have hemoglobin disorders.[2] Cross matching is typically required before the blood is given.[2] It is given by injection into a vein.[7]
Side effects include allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis, red blood cell breakdown, infection, volume overload, and lung injury.[2] With current preparation methods in the developed world the risk of viral infections such as hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS are less than one in a million.[2] However, the risks of infection are higher in low income countries.[8] Packed red blood cells are produced from whole blood or by apheresis.[9] They typically last for three to six weeks.[9]
The widespread use of packed red blood cells began in the 1960s.[10] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[11] In the United Kingdom they cost about £120 per unit.[12] A number of other versions also exist including whole blood, leukocyte reduced red blood cells, and washed red blood cells.[2]
References edit
- ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 1 July 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g Connell NT (December 2016). "Transfusion Medicine". Primary Care. 43 (4): 651–659. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2016.07.004. PMID 27866583.
- ^ Carson JL, Guyatt G, Heddle NM, Grossman BJ, Cohn CS, Fung MK, Gernsheimer T, Holcomb JB, Kaplan LJ, Katz LM, Peterson N, Ramsey G, Rao SV, Roback JD, Shander A, Tobian AA (November 2016). "Clinical Practice Guidelines From the AABB: Red Blood Cell Transfusion Thresholds and Storage". JAMA. 316 (19): 2025–2035. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.9185. PMID 27732721.
- ^ "Blood transfusion Guidance and guidelines". NICE. Archived from the original on 2016-01-16. Retrieved 2018-09-07.
- ^ Plumer, Ada Lawrence (2007). Plumer's Principles and Practice of Intravenous Therapy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 423. ISBN 9780781759441. Archived from the original on 2017-09-14.
- ^ Robinson S, Harris A, Atkinson S, Atterbury C, Bolton-Maggs P, Elliott C, Hawkins T, Hazra E, Howell C, New H, Shackleton T, Shreeve K, Taylor C (February 2018). "The administration of blood components: a British Society for Haematology Guideline". Transfusion Medicine. 28 (1): 3–21. doi:10.1111/tme.12481. PMID 29110357.
- ^ Linton, Adrianne Dill (2015). Introduction to Medical-Surgical Nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 287. ISBN 9781455776412. Archived from the original on 2017-09-14.
- ^ "Blood safety and availability". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 2020-04-24. Retrieved 2018-12-20.
- ^ a b Parsons, Polly E.; Wiener-Kronish, Jeanine P. (2012). Critical Care Secrets5: Critical Care Secrets. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 385. ISBN 978-0323085007. Archived from the original on 2017-09-14.
- ^ Das PC, Smit-Sibinga CT, Halie MR (2012). Supportive therapy in haematology. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 190. ISBN 9781461325772. Archived from the original on 2017-01-10.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ Yentis, Steven M.; Hirsch, Nicholas P.; Ip, James (2013). Anaesthesia and Intensive Care A-Z: An Encyclopedia of Principles and Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 147. ISBN 9780702053757. Archived from the original on 2017-01-12.