Wikipedia

User:Mr. Ibrahem/Minoxidil

< User:Mr. Ibrahem
Mr. Ibrahem/Minoxidil
A space filling model of the molecule.
Clinical data
Trade namesRogaine, others
AHFS/Drugs.comSystemic: Monograph
Topical: Monograph
MedlinePlusa682608
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: C
Routes of
administration		By mouth, topical
Legal status
Legal status
  • UK: P (Pharmacy medicines) (for topical use, otherwise POM. Cannot be prescribed on the NHS)
  • US: OTC Rx only for by mouth form
Pharmacokinetic data
MetabolismPrimarily liver
Elimination half-life4 hours[1]
ExcretionKidney
Identifiers
  • 6-(1-Piperidinyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide[2]
    6-(1-Piperidinyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 3-oxide[3]
    2,4-pyrimidinediamine,6-(1-piperidinyl)-, 3-oxide[4]
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC9H15N5O
Molar mass209.253 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point248 °C (478 °F)
Solubility in water<1 mg/mL (20 °C)
  • Nc1cc(nc(N)[n+]1[O-])N2CCCCC2
  • InChI=1S/C9H15N5O/c10-7-6-8(12-9(11)14(7)15)13-4-2-1-3-5-13/h6H,1-5,10H2,(H2,11,12) ☒N
  • Key:ZFMITUMMTDLWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ☒N
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Minoxidil is a medication used to treat high blood pressure and male-pattern hair loss.[5][6] For high blood pressure, it is only recommended when severe and not controllable with a diuretic and a beta blocker.[7] For male-pattern hair loss it is effective in both males and females.[6] For high blood pressure it is taken by mouth while for hair loss it is applied to the skin.[7][6]

Common side effects when taken by mouth include swelling, pericardial effusion, hair growth, and nausea.[5] Other side effects may include low white blood cells, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and angina.[7] Common side effects when applied to the skin include itchiness and local irritation.[6] Safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding is unclear and such use is not recommended.[8] As a high blood pressure medication it works by dilating blood vessels.[1] How it works in hair loss is not entirely clear.[6]

Minoxidil was approved for medical use in the United States in 1979.[5] In the United States it is available as a generic medication by prescription in tablet form and over the counter for use on the skin.[5][6] At a dose of 5 mg per day it costs the NHS about 9 pounds per month as of 2020.[7]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Benowitz, Neal L. (2020). "11. Antihypertensive agents". In Katzung, Bertram G.; Trevor, Anthony J. (eds.). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (15th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 183-186. ISBN 978-1-260-45231-0. Archived from the original on 2021-10-10. Retrieved 2021-12-05.
  2. ^ product, sigma. "M4145 Sigma ≥99% (TLC)". sigmaaldrich.com. sigma. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  3. ^ cayman chemical, company. "safety data sheet" (PDF). caymanchem.com. cayman chemical company. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 October 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  4. ^ archives, dailymed. "loniten- minoxidil tablet". dailymed.nlm.nih.gov. dailymed. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Minoxidil Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. AHFS. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g "Minoxidil topical Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. AHFS. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  7. ^ a b c d BNF 79. London: Pharmaceutical Press. March 2020. p. 186. ISBN 978-0857113658.
  8. ^ "Minoxidil (Loniten) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
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