User:Mr. Ibrahem/Melphalan

Mr. Ibrahem/Melphalan
Clinical data
Trade names	Alkeran, Evomela, others
Other names	(2S)-2-amino-3-{4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl}propanoic acid
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a682220
License data	US DailyMed: Melphalan;
Routes of; administration	By mouth (tablets), intravenous
Drug class	Alkylating agent
Legal status
Legal status	In general: ℞ (Prescription only);
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	25–89% (By mouth)
Metabolism	Hydrolysis to inactive metabolites
Elimination half-life	1.5 ± 0.8 hours
Excretion	Kidney (IV: 5.8–21.3%)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 4-[bis(2-Chloroethyl)amino]-L-phenylalanine;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C13H18Cl2N2O2
Molar mass	305.20 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES c1cc(ccc1C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)N(CCCl)CCCl;
	InChI InChI=1S/C13H18Cl2N2O2/c14-5-7-17(8-6-15)11-3-1-10(2-4-11)9-12(16)13(18)19/h1-4,12H,5-9,16H2,(H,18,19)/t12-/m0/s1 ; Key:SGDBTWWWUNNDEQ-LBPRGKRZSA-N ;
	(verify)

Melphalan, sold under the trade name Alkeran among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat multiple myeloma, ovarian cancer, melanoma, and amyloidosis.^[1] It is used by mouth or by injection into a vein.^[1]

Common side effects include nausea and bone marrow suppression.^[1] Other severe side effects may include anaphylaxis and the development of other cancers.^[1] Use during pregnancy may result in harm to the baby.^[3] Melphalan belongs to the class of nitrogen mustard alkylating agents.^[1] It works by interfering with the creation of DNA and RNA.^[1]

Melphalan was approved for medical use in the United States in 1964.^[1] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.^[4] It is available as a generic medication.^[5] In the United Kingdom it costs the NHS £137 per 50 mg vial.^[5] In the United States the cost of this amount is US$257.^[6]

References edit

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j "Melphalan Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Retrieved 11 September 2020.
^ "Melphalan Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^ ^a ^b British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 873–874. ISBN 9780857113382.
^ "Melphalan Prices, Coupons & Patient Assistance Programs". Drugs.com. Retrieved 27 October 2019.