| Mr. Ibrahem/Marburg virus disease | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Marburg hemorrhagic fever |
 | |
| Transmission electron micrograph of Marburg virus | |
| Symptoms | Fever, headache, muscle pain[1] |
| Complications | Liver failure, delirium, pancreatitis, bleeding[1] |
| Usual onset | 5-10 days after exposure[1] |
| Causes | Marburgvirus[2] |
| Risk factors | Contact with bats or infected bodily fluids[3] |
| Diagnostic method | Blood test[4] |
| Differential diagnosis | Malaria, typhoid fever, Ebola virus disease[1][5] |
| Treatment | Supportive care[5] |
| Frequency | Rare (588 cases 1967 to 2018)[6][5] |
| Deaths | ~50% death rate[5] |
Marburg virus disease (MVD), formerly Marburg hemorrhagic fever, is a severe type of viral hemorrhagic fever in humans.[5] Initial symptoms typically include fever, headache, and muscle pain.[1] A few days later a rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain may occur.[1] Onset of symptoms is typically 5 to 10 days following exposure.[1] Complications may include liver failure, delirium, pancreatitis, and severe bleeding.[1]
The cause is Marburgvirus, of which there are two types Marburg virus (MARV) and Ravn virus (RAVV).[2] These viruses normally circulates among African fruit bats, without resulting in ill affects.[6] Spread can occur from these bats to people and than between people.[5] Spread between people is by direct or indirect contact with contaminated body fluids, including during sex.[3][5] Diagnosis is by blood tests.[4] It presents similar to Ebola virus disease (EVD).[5]
Prevention involves avoiding bats in central Africa and using appropriate personal protective equipment when caring for sick people.[7] Treatment involves supportive care and this improves outcomes.[5] This may include intravenous fluids, blood products, oxygen therapy, and electrolytes.[8] About half of those who are infected die as a result.[5]
MVD is rare.[6] It generally occurs as outbreaks within Africa.[6] The disease was initially recognized in 1967 and since than 588 cases have been diagnosed.[6][5] Other primates may also be affected.[6]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Signs and Symptoms | Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever (Marburg HF) | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 25 February 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
- ^ a b Spickler, Anna. "Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus Infections" (PDF).
- ^ a b "Transmission | Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever (Marburg HF) | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 25 February 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
- ^ a b "Ebola Virus Disease & Marburg Virus Disease - Chapter 3 - 2018 Yellow Book | Travelers' Health | CDC". wwwnc.cdc.gov. Retrieved 19 July 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Marburg virus disease". www.who.int. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f "About Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever | Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever (Marburg HF) | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 25 February 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
- ^ "Prevention | Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever (Marburg HF) | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 25 February 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
- ^ "Treatment | Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever (Marburg HF) | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 25 February 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2021.