 Malaria vaccine clinical trial poster | |
| Vaccine description | |
|---|---|
| Target | Malaria |
| Vaccine type | Protein subunit |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Mosquirix |
| Routes of administration | RTS,S Intramuscular[1] |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
|
A malaria vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent malaria.[2] RTS,S (brand name Mosquirix), was the first approved and is in use in three countries in sub-Saharan Africa.[2] It decreases the risk of malaria by 24 to 43% in the subsequent year after the third dose was given.[1] It is unlikely to be useful for travelers.[2] A second vaccine, R21/Matrix-M, was approved in Nigeria and Ghana in 2023.[3] Effectiveness of this second vaccine is about 77%.[3] Both requires four injections.[1][3]
RTS,S is used in children 6 weeks to 17 months old in areas of the world were Plasmodium falciparum is common.[1] Common side effects include fever, irritability, and pain at the site of injection.[1] A febrile seizure occurs in about 0.1% of those given the vaccine.[1] There are concerns that if the fourth dose is missed, malaria related deaths may increase again.[2] R21/Matrix-M is given to those 5 to 36 months old.[3]
RTS,S was given a positive opinion by CHMP in 2015 and endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2021.[1][4] GAVI is providing $US160 million between 2022 and 2025 for its roll out. [5] R21/Matrix-M costs about $US3 per dose while RTS,S costs about $US6.[6] R21/Matrix-M is the first vaccine to meet WHO's goal of at least 75% efficacy.[7][8] In 2024 Cameroon plans to give start giving the vaccine to all children.[9]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Mosquirix: Opinion on medicine for use outside EU". European Medicines Agency (EMA). Archived from the original on 23 November 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
- ^ a b c d e Prevatt, Natalie; Behrens, Ron H. (2021). "23. Paediatric vaccines for travel outside Europe". In Vesikari, Timo; Damme, Pierre Van (eds.). Pediatric Vaccines and Vaccinations: A European Textbook (Second ed.). Switzerland: Springer. pp. 276–279. ISBN 978-3-030-77172-0. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
- ^ a b c d "The country with the highest rate of malaria deaths in the world has approved Oxford's vaccine". Quartz. 18 April 2023. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
- ^ "WHO recommends groundbreaking malaria vaccine for children at risk" (Press release). World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
- ^ "Historic funding to expand roll-out of first-ever malaria vaccine in Africa". WHO | Regional Office for Africa. Archived from the original on 22 July 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
- ^ "Malaria vaccine big advance against major child killer". BBC News. 2 October 2023. Archived from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ^ "Malaria vaccine becomes first to achieve WHO-specified 75% efficacy goal". EurekAlert!. 23 April 2021. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
- ^ Roxby P (23 April 2021). "Malaria vaccine hailed as potential breakthrough". BBC News. Archived from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
- ^ "Cameroon starts world's first malaria vaccine program for children". CTVNews. 23 January 2024. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.