User:Mr. Ibrahem/Loxapine

Mr. Ibrahem/Loxapine
Clinical data
Trade names	Loxitane, Adasuve, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a682311
License data	EU EMA: by INN; US DailyMed: Loxapine; US FDA: Loxapine;
Routes of; administration	By mouth, powder for inhalation
Drug class	Typical antipsychotic
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only); US: ℞-only; EU: Rx-only;
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	96.8%
Metabolism	Extensive hepatic; active metabolites include amoxapine and 8-hydroxyloxapine. Inhibits P-gp and is a substrate of CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2D6
Elimination half-life	4 hours (oral); 7.61 hours (inhalation)
Excretion	Majority are excreted within 24 hours, main route through urine (conjugated metabolites), small amounts through the feces (unconjugated metabolites)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 8-chloro-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)benzo[b][1,4]benzoxazepine;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C18H18ClN3O
Molar mass	327.81 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Melting point	109 to 110 °C (228 to 230 °F)
	SMILES Clc2ccc1Oc4c(/N=C(\c1c2)N3CCN(C)CC3)cccc4;
	InChI InChI=1S/C18H18ClN3O/c1-21-8-10-22(11-9-21)18-14-12-13(19)6-7-16(14)23-17-5-3-2-4-15(17)20-18/h2-7,12H,8-11H2,1H3 ; Key:XJGVXQDUIWGIRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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Loxapine, sold under the brand names Loxitane among others, is a typical antipsychotic used to treat psychosis including schizophrenia and for agitation.^[1]^[3] Benefit in people with intellectual disability is unclear.^[1] It is taken by mouth or inhaled.^[1]^[3]

Common side effects include movement disorders, sleepiness, dry mouth, blurry vision, low blood pressure with standing, and fast heart rate.^[1] Other side effects may include milk production, seizures, sunburns, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and increased risk of death in those with dementia.^[1] It is believed to work by blocking dopamine D₂ and 5-HT_2A receptors.^[3]

Loxapine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1975.^[1] In the United States 60 pills of 50 mg costs about 38 USD as of 2021.^[4]

References edit

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j "Loxapine Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c Truven Health Analytics, Inc. DrugPoint System (Internet) [cited 2013 Sep 21]. Greenwood Village, CO: Thomsen Healthcare; 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c BNF 81: March-September 2021. BMJ Group and the Pharmaceutical Press. 2021. p. 407. ISBN 978-0857114105.
^ "Loxapine Prices, Coupons & Savings Tips". GoodRx. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.