| Kidney cancer | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Renal cancer |
 | |
| Micrograph showing the most common type of kidney cancer (clear cell renal cell carcinoma). H&E stain. | |
| Specialty | Oncology, nephrology |
| Symptoms | Blood in the urine, lump in the abdomen, back pain[1][2][3] |
| Usual onset | After the age of 45[4] |
| Types | Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), Wilms tumor[4] |
| Risk factors | Smoking, certain pain medications, previous bladder cancer, being overweight, high blood pressure, certain chemicals, family history[1][2] |
| Diagnostic method | Tissue biopsy[1][2][3] |
| Treatment | Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy[1][2][3] |
| Prognosis | Five-year survival ~75% (US 2015)[4] |
| Frequency | 403,300 (2018)[5] |
| Deaths | 175,000[5] |
Kidney cancer, also known as renal cancer, is a group of cancers that starts in the kidney.[4] Symptoms may include blood in the urine, lump in the abdomen, or back pain.[1][2][3] Fever, weight loss, and tiredness may also occur.[1][2][3] Complications can include spread to the lungs or brain.[6]
The main types of kidney cancer are renal cell cancer (RCC), transitional cell cancer (TCC), and Wilms tumor.[7] RCC makes up approximately 80% of kidney cancers, and TCC accounts for most of the rest.[8] Risk factors for RCC and TCC include smoking, certain pain medications, previous bladder cancer, being overweight, high blood pressure, certain chemicals, and a family history.[1][2] Risk factors for Wilms tumor include a family history and certain genetic disorders such as WAGR syndrome.[3] Diagnosis maybe suspected based on symptoms, urine testing, and medical imaging.[1][2][3] It is confirmed by tissue biopsy.[1][2][3]
Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy.[1][2][3] Kidney cancer newly affected about 403,300 people and resulted in 175,000 deaths globally in 2018.[5] Onset is usually after the age of 45.[4] Males are affected more often than females.[4] The overall five-year survival rate is 75% in the United States, 71% in Canada, 70% in China, and 60% in Europe.[4][9][10][11] For cancers that are confined to the kidney, the five-year survival rate is 93%, if it has spread to the surrounding lymph nodes it is 70%, and if it has spread widely, it is 12%.[4]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Renal Cell Cancer Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 2019. Archived from the original on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Transitional Cell Cancer (Kidney/Ureter) Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 2019. Archived from the original on 8 June 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Wilms Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Tumors Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 2019. Archived from the original on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Cancer of the Kidney and Renal Pelvis - Cancer Stat Facts". SEER. Archived from the original on 11 June 2019. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
- ^ a b c "Cancer today". IARC. Archived from the original on 27 May 2019. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
- ^ Sommers, Marilyn S.; Fannin, Ehriel (2014). Diseases and Disorders: A Nursing Therapeutics Manual. F.A. Davis. p. 657. ISBN 9780803644878. Archived from the original on 2021-04-27. Retrieved 2019-06-08.
- ^ "Kidney Cancer". National Cancer Institute. 2019. Archived from the original on 15 August 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ Mulders PF, Brouwers AH, Hulsbergen-van der Kaa CA, van Lin EN, Osanto S, de Mulder PH (February 2008). "[Guideline 'Renal cell carcinoma']". Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd (in Dutch). 152 (7): 376–80. PMID 18380384.
- ^ "Survival statistics for kidney cancer - Canadian Cancer Society". www.cancer.ca. Archived from the original on 2019-06-17. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
- ^ "European Network of Cancer Registeries" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-12-29.
- ^ Zeng, Hongmei; Chen, Wanqing; Zheng, Rongshou; Zhang, Siwei; Ji, John S; Zou, Xiaonong; Xia, Changfa; Sun, Kexin; Yang, Zhixun; Li, He; Wang, Ning (2018). "Changing cancer survival in China during 2003–15: a pooled analysis of 17 population-based cancer registries". The Lancet Global Health. 6 (5): e555–e567. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30127-X. PMID 29653628.