| Gingivitis | |
|---|---|
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| A severe case of gingivitis | |
| Specialty | Dentistry |
| Symptoms | Red swollen gums which bleed easily[1] |
| Complications | Periodontitis, tooth loss[1] |
| Causes | Bacterial film, lack of vitamin C, pregnancy, certain medications[1] |
| Risk factors | Smoking, dry mouth, genetics[1] |
| Diagnostic method | Dental exam[2] |
| Treatment | Oral hygiene, professional teeth cleaning[3] |
| Prognosis | Good with treatment[1] |
| Frequency | Common[1] |
Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums without tissue destruction.[1][4] Symptoms may include red swollen gums which bleed easily.[1] There is typically no pain.[1] Complications may include periodontitis and tooth loss.[1]
The most common cause is bacterial film (plaque) attached to the teeth.[1] Other causes include lack of vitamin C, pregnancy, and certain medications such as phenytoin and calcium channel blockers.[1] Other risk factors include smoking and dry mouth.[1] Diagnosis is generally by a dental exam.[2] It is a mild form of periodontal disease.[2]
Treatment is with good oral hygiene and professional teeth cleaning.[3] Severe cases may require antibiotics or surgery.[5] Outcomes are generally good with treatment.[1]
Gingivitis is the most common type of periodontal disease.[1] Males are more commonly affected than females.[1] Both children and adults are commonly affected.[1] Inflammation of the gums has been described since at least 400 BC by Hippocrates.[6]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Rathee, M; Jain, P (January 2021). "Gingivitis". PMID 32491354.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c "Gingivitis - Mouth and Dental Disorders". Merck Manuals Consumer Version. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
- ^ a b "Periodontal Disease". www.cdc.gov. 14 December 2018. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
- ^ Limeback, Hardy (11 April 2012). Comprehensive Preventive Dentistry. John Wiley & Sons. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-118-28020-1. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
- ^ "Gingivitis - Dental Disorders". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
- ^ Newman, Michael G.; Takei, Henry; Klokkevold, Perry R.; Carranza, Fermin A. (14 February 2011). Carranza's Clinical Periodontology. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-4557-0638-9. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2021.