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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Dextenza, Ozurdex, others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Systemic: Monograph Eye and ear: Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a682792 |
| License data |
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| Pregnancy category |
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| Routes of administration | By mouth, intravenous therapy (IV), intramuscular injection (IM), subcutaneous injection (IM), intraosseous (IO), eye drop |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 80–90% |
| Protein binding | 77% |
| Metabolism | Liver |
| Elimination half-life | 190 minutes (3.2 hours) |
| Excretion | Urine (65%) |
| Identifiers | |
| |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C22H29FO5 |
| Molar mass | 392.461 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| Melting point | 262 °C (504 °F) |
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Dexamethasone is a type of corticosteroid medication.[3] It is used in the treatment of many conditions, including rheumatic problems, a number of skin diseases, severe allergies, asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease, croup, brain swelling, eye pain following eye surgery, and along with antibiotics in tuberculosis.[3] In adrenocortical insufficiency, it should be used together with a medication that has greater mineralocorticoid effects such as fludrocortisone.[3] In preterm labor, it may be used to improve outcomes in the baby.[3] It may be taken by mouth, as an injection into a muscle, or intravenously.[3] The effects of dexamethasone are frequently seen within a day and last for about three days.[3]
The long-term use may result in thrush, bone loss, cataracts, easy bruising, or muscle weakness.[3] It has been frequently used by mouth in pregnancy and not been found to cause problems for the baby.[4] It should not be taken when breastfeeding.[3] Dexamethasone has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant effects.[3]
Dexamethasone was first made in 1957 and was approved for medical use in 1961.[5][6] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7] Dexamethasone is not expensive.[8] In the United States, a month of medication typically costs less than US$25.[3] In India, a course of treatment for preterm labor costs about US$0.5.[8] It is available in most areas of the world.[8] In 2017, it was the 321st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than one million prescriptions.[9]
References edit
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Drugs.com pregnancywas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Dexamethasone". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
- ^ "Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database". Australian Government. 3 March 2014. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
Drugs which have been taken by a large number of pregnant women and women of childbearing age without any proven increase in the frequency of malformations or other direct or indirect harmful effects on the fetus having been observed.
- ^ Rankovic, Zoran; Hargreaves, Richard; Bingham, Matilda (2012). Drug discovery and medicinal chemistry for psychiatric disorders. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 286. ISBN 9781849733656. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
- ^ Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 485. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ a b c "DEXAMETHASONE FOR ACCELERATING LUNG MATURATION IN PRETERM BABIES" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
- ^ "Dexamethasone - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.