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User:Mr. Ibrahem/Carbidopa/levodopa

< User:Mr. Ibrahem
Mr. Ibrahem/Carbidopa/levodopa
Bottle of carbidopa (25 mg) / levodopa (100 mg) in Australia.
Combination of
AgonistLevodopa
Enzyme inhibitorCarbidopa
Clinical data
Trade namesAtamet, Carbilev, Sinemet, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa601068
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B3
Legal status
Legal status
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Carbidopa/levodopa, also known as levocarb and co-careldopa, is the combination of the two medications carbidopa and levodopa.[1] It is primarily used to manage the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, but it does not slow down the disease or stop it from getting worse.[1] It is taken by mouth.[1] It can take two to three weeks of treatment before benefits are seen.[3] Each dose then begins working in about ten minutes to two hours with a duration of effect of about five hours.[3][4][5]

Common side effects include movement problems and nausea.[1] More serious side effects include depression, low blood pressure with standing, sudden onset of sleepiness, psychosis, and increased risk-taking behavior.[1][6] Carbidopa prevents the breakdown of levodopa outside the brain.[6] In the brain, levodopa is broken down into dopamine by which it has its effects.[6] Carbidopa also helps prevent some of the nausea which levodopa causes.[7]

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8] It is available as a generic medication and is moderately expensive.[6] The wholesale price in the developing world is about US$1.80 to $3.00 a month.[9] In the United States, a month's supply costs about $50 to $150.[1] In 2020, it was the 364th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than half a million prescriptions.[10][11]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "Levodopa/Carbidopa". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  2. ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  3. ^ a b Pharmacology and the Nursing Process. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2014. p. 246. ISBN 9780323293617. Archived from the original on 5 July 2017.
  4. ^ Atlee, John L. (2007). Complications in anesthesia (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders. p. 490. ISBN 9781416022152. Archived from the original on 15 March 2017.
  5. ^ The new Parkinson's disease treatment book : partnering with your doctor to get the most from your medications (2 ed.). Oxford University Press. 2015. p. 227. ISBN 9780190231866. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  6. ^ a b c d Hamilton, Richard J. (2013). Tarascon pocket pharmacopoeia (14th ed.). Burlington, MA.: Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 303. ISBN 9781449673635. Archived from the original on 12 January 2016.
  7. ^ Ahlskog, J. Eric (2009). Parkinson's Disease Treatment Guide for Physicians. Oxford University Press. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-19-537177-2. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  8. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  9. ^ "Levodopa + Carbidopa". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  10. ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
  11. ^ "Carbidopa; Levodopa - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 8 July 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
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