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 | |
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | a" poe mor' feen[1] |
| Trade names | Apokyn, Kynmobi, others |
| Other names | Apomorphine hydrochloride[2] |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a604020 |
| License data |
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| Pregnancy category |
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| Routes of administration | Subcutaneous injection (SQ), sublingual |
| Drug class | Dopamine agonist[1] |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 100% following injection |
| Protein binding | ~50% |
| Metabolism | Liver, phase II |
| Onset of action | 10–20 min[3] |
| Elimination half-life | 40 minutes |
| Duration of action | 60 min[3] |
| Excretion | Liver |
| Identifiers | |
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| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C17H17NO2 |
| Molar mass | 267.328 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
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Apomorphine, sold under the brand name Apokyn among others, is a medication used to treat Parkinson's disease.[3] Specifically it is used for "off" episodes which may be seen in advanced disease.[3] It was previously used to bring about vomiting in overdoses.[3] It is given by injection under the skin or into a vein.[3][2] Onset is generally within 20 minutes and it lasts about an hour.[3]
Common side effects include nausea.[1] Other side effects may include low blood pressure, anxiety, confusion, dizziness, psychosis, vivid dreams, QT prolongation, and trouble sleeping.[1][4] Use in pregnancy may harm the baby.[4] It should not be used with 5HT 3 antagonists such as ondansetron.[4] It is a dopamine agonist which activates D2, D3, and D5 receptors in the brain.[1]
Apomorphine was approved for medical use in the United States in 2004; however, it was previously used in Europe.[1] In the United Kingdom 5 units of 30 mg costs the NHS about £125 as of 2021.[2] This amount in the United States costs about 6,500 USD.[5]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g "Apomorphine". LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
- ^ a b c BNF 81: March-September 2021. BMJ Group and the Pharmaceutical Press. 2021. p. 439. ISBN 978-0857114105.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Apomorphine Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
- ^ a b c d "DailyMed - APOKYN- apomorphine hydrochloride injection". dailymed.nlm.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
- ^ "Apokyn Prices, Coupons & Patient Assistance Programs". Drugs.com. Retrieved 15 January 2022.