 Location of candi sites in Indonesia | |
| Alternative names | Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms period |
|---|---|
| Religion | Hinduism and Buddhism |
| Geographical range | Nusantara |
| Dates | c. 4th century–15th century AD |
| Type site | Polities, temples, urban settlement complex, inscriptions |
| Major sites | Kutai, Tarumanegara, Tugu inscription, Muara Takus, Srivijaya, Prambanan, Borobudur, Trowulan (Majapahit). |
| Followed by | Islamic kingdoms |
| History of Indonesia |
|---|
 |
| Timeline |
 Indonesia portal |
The Hindu-Buddhist period (Indonesian: Zaman Hindu-Buddha) was the cultural and religious period of Nusantara, now modern-day Indonesia, spanning from the 4th to the 15th century and characterized by the emergence of Indianized civilizations where both religions of Buddhism and Hinduism took precedence, profoundly influencing the region's culture, social framework, and trade dynamics. Situated within the intricate maritime trade network, ancient Indonesia engaged in profound cultural and religious exchanges with the inhabitants of the Indian subcontinent. This interaction catalyzed the rise of Indianized realms, giving rise to maritime trade empires that would come to dominate commercial activities across Southeast Asia.
During this period, Nusantara society experienced a dynamic fusion of local traditions with Indian ideas, resulting in the emergence of a distinct syncretic culture. Majestic temples, such as Borobudur and Prambanan, exemplify the architectural achievements of this time, showcasing intricate designs and intricate narratives inspired by Indian epics. These temples served as spiritual and artistic expression centers, highlighting the crossroads of religious devotion and artistic innovation.
Furthermore, the Hindu-Buddhist period is widely recognized as the foundational era of Indonesian civilization. It marked the establishment of complex political structures, often organized around powerful maritime kingdoms, such as Srivijaya and Majapahit. These kingdoms facilitated vibrant trade networks that connected Indonesia with the wider Indian Ocean world, fostering cultural exchange and economic prosperity. However, the culmination of the Hindu-Buddhist period was followed by the rise of Islamic kingdoms, starting in the 13th century, which marked a significant turning point in Indonesian history. The gradual conversion to Islam brought forth new cultural dynamics and reshaped political landscapes, ultimately leading to the eclipse of the Hindu-Buddhist era and ushering in a new chapter in the nation's evolution.