User:Mgkrupa/Code and Symbols

See also: User:Mgkrupa/HTML Code and Unicode Symbols

See also: User:Mgkrupa/Wikipedia Info and Help

See also: User:Mgkrupa/Bibliography

Math LaTeX code

• Detexify − Online tool: Find LaTeX code for a symbol by drawing it. (More tools here)
• Shapecatcher − Online tool: Find Unicode and HTML codes for a symbol by drawing it.

Common misc code

{{abbreviation|TVS|Topological Vector Space}} TVS

<ol type="a"> <ol style="list-style-type: lower-latin;">

WP:ACCESSIBILITY anTable of Binary Operatorsd MOS:MATH

Main article: MOS:INDENTGAP Indentation: Do NOT use a colon : to indent because it produces to broken HTML code and reduces accessibility. Use {{Block indent}} for indentation of text; for indenting a single line, {{in5}} can also be used. Use <math display=block>x = y</math> instead of :<math>x = y</math> to display math equations on their own line. Do NOT use a colon : or <quoteblock></quoteblock> or {{blockquote}} for indentation − they are only for quotes. Main article: MOS:PSEUDOHEAD Do NOT use ;Pseudoheading name for pseudoheadings (sections that don't appear in the table of contents). Use '''Pseudoheading name''' instead. Main article: MOS:NOSYMBOLS "Do not use possibly unpronounceable symbols" Main articles: MOS:COLOR and MOS:COLORS MOS:COLORS has a table of acceptable colors

{{math theorem}}
{{math theorem|name=Theorem|note=|style=|math_statement= }} {{math theorem|name=Lemma Proposition etc Default is "Theorem" |note=Info In Parentheses|math_statement= }}

Proofs: {{math proof}}
See also: Wikipedia:WikiProject Mathematics/Proofs {{collapse top|title=Proof|expand=yes|left=true}} {{collapse bottom}} In non-article namespaces only: Can also use {{hidden begin}} and {{hidden end}} (does not hide anything from mobile users) {{math proof|drop=hidden|proof= }} {{math proof|drop=hidden|title=Default is "Proof"|proof= }}

---

Indentation

{{Block indent}}  {{in5}}

Table of contents

{{TOC limit|3}}

Common math code

• Help:Displaying a formula      (Commutative diagrams)
• List of mathematical symbols by subject
  • WP:LaTeX symbols
  • LaTeX + Unicode list: Long list 1,    Long list 2.
    • Short list.

LaTeX code

Involving indices/subscripts

Result	LaTeX code	Other info
$x_{\bullet }=\left(x_{i}\right)_{i\in I}$	<math>x_\bull = \left(x_i\right)_{i \in I}</math>
$x_{\bullet }=\left(x_{i}\right)_{i=1}^{\infty }$	<math>x_\bull = \left(x_i\right)_{i=1}^\infty</math>
$\sum _{\stackrel {i\in I,}{j\in J}}x_{i,j}$	\sum_{\stackrel{i \in I,}{j \in J}} x_{i,j}
$${\begin{alignedat}{4}f:\;&&X&&\;\to \;&Y\\[0.3ex]&&x&&\;\mapsto \;&y\\\end{alignedat}}$$	<math display=block>\begin{alignat}{4} f :\;&& X &&\;\to \;& Y \\[0.3ex] && x &&\;\mapsto\;& y \\ \end{alignat}</math>
$${\begin{alignedat}{4}\pi _{i}:\;&&\prod _{j\in I}X_{j}&&\;\to \;&X_{i}\\[0.3ex]&&\left(x_{j}\right)_{j\in I}&&\;\mapsto \;&x_{i}\\\end{alignedat}}$$	<math display=block>\begin{alignat}{4} \pi_i :\;&& \prod_{j \in I} X_j &&\;\to\; & X_i \\[0.3ex] && \left(x_j\right)_{j \in I} &&\;\mapsto\;& x_i \\ \end{alignat}</math>
$${\begin{alignedat}{9}f:\;&&X&&\;\to \;&Y&&\quad {\text{ and }}\quad &g:\;&&X&&\;\to \;&Y\\[0.3ex]&&x&&\;\mapsto \;&y&&&&&x&&\;\mapsto \;&y\\\end{alignedat}}$$	<math display=block>\begin{alignat}{9} f :\;&& X &&\;\to \;& Y && \quad \text{ and } \quad & g :\;&& X &&\;\to \;& Y \\[0.3ex] && x &&\;\mapsto\;& y && & && x &&\;\mapsto\;& y \\ \end{alignat}</math>
$$f(x)={\begin{cases}x&{\text{if }}x\leq 0\\0&{\text{otherwise }}\\\end{cases}}$$ $$f(x)=\left\{{\begin{alignedat}{9}x&\,+\,&&x^{2}\quad &{\text{if }}&&&x\leq 0\\&&&x^{2}&{\text{if }}&&0\leq \,&x<1\\x&&&&{\text{if }}&&1\leq \,&x\\\end{alignedat}}\right.$$	<math display=block>f(x) = \begin{cases} x & \text{if } x \leq 0 \\ 0 & \text{otherwise } \\ \end{cases}</math> or (for more fine control over spacing/alignment) you can use \begin{alignat}{9} instead of \begin{cases}: <math display=block>f(x) = \left\{ \begin{alignat}{9} x&\,+\,&&x^2 \quad& \text{if } && &x \leq 0 \\ & &&x^2 & \text{if } && 0 \leq\,&x < 1 \\ x& && & \text{if } && 1 \leq\,&x \\ \end{alignat} \right. </math>
$$f(x)={\begin{cases}x&{\text{if}}&x\in (-\infty ,0]\\x+x^{2}&{\text{if}}&x\in (0,1)\\x+x^{3}&{\text{if}}&x\geq 1\\\end{cases}}$$	<math display=block>f(x) = \begin{cases} x & \text{if} & x \in (-\infty, 0] \\ x + x^2 & \text{if} & x \in (0, 1) \\ x + x^3 & \text{if} & x \geq 1 \\ \end{cases}</math>
$\mathop {\implies }$ ${\mathord {\implies }}$ $\mathop {\Rightarrow }$ ${\mathord {\Rightarrow }}$	<math>\mathop\implies</math> <math>\mathord\implies</math> <math>\mathop\Rightarrow</math> <math>\mathord\Rightarrow</math>

Derivatives

Caption: Derivatives Symbol Latex $\partial _{x}f$     $df$ \partial_x f df $f_{x}$      $D_{1}f$ f_x D_1 f ${\frac {\partial }{\partial x}}f$ \frac{\partial}{\partial x}f ${\frac {\partial f}{\partial x}}$ \frac{\partial f}{\partial x} $\left.{\frac {\partial f}{\partial x}}\right\vert _{x}$ \left.\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}\right\vert_x $\ D_{x}f$ $D_{x}f$ \ D_xf D_x f ${\frac {df}{dx}}$ \frac{df}{dx} ${\frac {d}{dx}}f$ \frac{d}{dx}f ${\frac {d^{2}}{dx^{2}}}f$ \frac{d^2}{dx^2}f ${\partial F(x,y,z) \over \partial z}$ <math>{\partial F(x, y, z)\over\partial z}</math> ${\frac {\partial ^{p_{1}+\cdots +p_{n}}f}{\partial ^{p_{1}}x_{1}\cdots \partial ^{p_{n}}x_{n}}}(x)$ \frac{\partial^{p_1+\cdots+p_n} f}{\partial^{p_1} x_1 \cdots \partial^{p_n} x_n}(x) ${\frac {\partial ^{p}f}{\partial ^{p_{1}}x_{1}\cdots \partial ^{p_{n}}x_{n}}}(x){\text{ where }}p=p_{1}+\cdots +p_{n}$ \frac{\partial^p f}{\partial^{p_1} x_1 \cdots \partial^{p_n} x_n}(x) $\left.{\frac {\partial ^{p}f}{\partial ^{p_{1}}x_{1}\cdots \partial ^{p_{n}}x_{n}}}\right\vert _{x}{\text{ where }}p=p_{1}+\cdots +p_{n}$ \left.\frac{\partial^p f}{\partial^{p_1} x_1 \cdots \partial^{p_n} x_n}\right\vert_x $\nabla f\ \operatorname {grad} f$ $\sharp f$ \nabla f \operatorname{grad} f \sharp f $\Delta$ $\nabla \cdot \nabla$ $\nabla ^{2}$ \Delta \nabla \cdot \nabla \nabla^2

Misc

Result LaTeX code Other info $\left\{x\in X~:~x{\text{ and }}x\right\}$ <math>\left\{x \in X ~:~ x \text{ and } x\right\}</math> $\inf _{i\in I}x_{i}$ \inf_{i \in I} x_i $\sup \left\{r\in \mathbb {R} ~:~r\right\}$ \sup \left\{r \in \Reals ~:~ r\right\} $[-\infty ,\infty ]=\mathbb {R} \cup \{\pm \infty \}$ <math>[-\infty, \infty] = \Reals \cup \{\pm\infty\}</math> $(X,\tau )$ <math>(X, \tau)</math>

Table/2-D sequence

The following is used in the article Fréchet–Urysohn space. ${\begin{alignedat}{11}&x_{1}^{1},~~&x_{1}^{2},~~&x_{1}^{3},~~&x_{1}^{4},~~&x_{1}^{5},~~&\ldots ~~&x_{1}^{i},~~\ldots ~~&\to ~~&x_{l}\\&x_{2}^{1},~~&x_{2}^{2},~~&x_{2}^{3},~~&x_{2}^{4},~~&x_{2}^{5},~~&\ldots ~~&x_{2}^{i},~~\ldots ~~&\to ~~&x_{2}\\&x_{3}^{1},~~&x_{3}^{2},~~&x_{3}^{3},~~&x_{3}^{4},~~&x_{3}^{5},~~&\ldots ~~&x_{3}^{i},~~\ldots ~~&\to ~~&x_{3}\\&x_{4}^{1},~~&x_{4}^{2},~~&x_{4}^{3},~~&x_{4}^{4},~~&x_{4}^{5},~~&\ldots ~~&x_{4}^{i},~~\ldots ~~&\to ~~&x_{4}\\&&&\;\,\vdots &&&&\;\,\vdots &&\;\,\vdots \\&x_{l}^{1},~~&x_{l}^{2},~~&x_{l}^{3},~~&x_{l}^{4},~~&x_{l}^{5},~~&\ldots ~~&x_{l}^{i},~~\ldots ~~&\to ~~&x_{l}\\&&&\;\,\vdots &&&&\;\,\vdots &&\;\,\vdots \\&&&&&&&&&\,\downarrow \\&&&&&&&&~~&\;x\\\end{alignedat}}$ <math>\begin{alignat}{11} &x_1^1, ~~ &x_1^2, ~~ &x_1^3, ~~ &x_1^4, ~~ &x_1^5, ~~ &\ldots ~~ &x_1^i, ~~ \ldots ~~ &\to ~~ &x_l \\ &x_2^1, ~~ &x_2^2, ~~ &x_2^3, ~~ &x_2^4, ~~ &x_2^5, ~~ &\ldots ~~ &x_2^i, ~~ \ldots ~~ &\to ~~ &x_2 \\ &x_3^1, ~~ &x_3^2, ~~ &x_3^3, ~~ &x_3^4, ~~ &x_3^5, ~~ &\ldots ~~ &x_3^i, ~~ \ldots ~~ &\to ~~ &x_3 \\ &x_4^1, ~~ &x_4^2, ~~ &x_4^3, ~~ &x_4^4, ~~ &x_4^5, ~~ &\ldots ~~ &x_4^i, ~~ \ldots ~~ &\to ~~ &x_4 \\ & & &\;\,\vdots & & & &\;\,\vdots & &\;\,\vdots \\ &x_l^1, ~~ &x_l^2, ~~ &x_l^3, ~~ &x_l^4, ~~ &x_l^5, ~~ &\ldots ~~ &x_l^i, ~~ \ldots ~~ &\to ~~ &x_l \\ & & &\;\,\vdots & & & &\;\,\vdots & &\;\,\vdots \\ & & & & & & & & &\,\downarrow \\ & & & & & & & & ~~ &\;x \\ \end{alignat} </math>

Spaces and Sizes

Result	LaTeX code	Other info
Text text text text text $$h_{\bullet }{\begin{aligned}&\\[1.0ex]\end{aligned}}$$ Text text text text text. Now without vertical spaces: $$h_{\bullet }$$ Text text text text text.	<math display=block> h_\bull \begin{aligned}&\\[1.0ex]\end{aligned} </math>	Vertical space before and/or after a single line math statement. 2.0ex is 2.0 times the height of the 'x' character.
$\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{\infty }$ $\textstyle \sum _{i=1}^{\infty }$ $\scriptstyle \sum _{i=1}^{\infty }$ $\scriptscriptstyle \sum _{i=1}^{\infty }$	<math>\displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^\infty</math> <math>\textstyle \sum_{i=1}^\infty</math> <math>\scriptstyle \sum_{i=1}^\infty</math> <math>\scriptscriptstyle \sum_{i=1}^\infty</math>
${\bigl (}{\bigr )}~()$ ${\bigl [}{\bigr ]}~[]$	<math>\bigl( \bigr) ~ ()</math> <math>\bigl[ \bigr] ~ []</math>
${\begin{alignedat}{9}&A_{1}\cup A_{2}\cup \dotsb &&\quad &&{\text{dots}}{\textbf {b}}{\text{ for }}{\textbf {b}}{\text{inary operators/relations}}\\&A_{1}\dotsm A_{n}&&\quad &&{\text{dots}}{\textbf {m}}{\text{ for }}{\textbf {m}}{\text{ultiplication}}\\&\int _{A}\int _{b}\dotsi &&\quad &&{\text{dots}}{\textbf {i}}{\text{ for }}{\textbf {i}}{\text{ntegrals}}\\&A_{1},\dotsc ,A_{n}&&\quad &&{\text{dots}}{\textbf {c}}{\text{ for }}{\textbf {c}}{\text{ommas}}\\\end{alignedat}}$	<math>\dotsb</math> for binary operators/relations <math>\dotsm</math> for multiplication <math>\dotsi</math> for integrals <math>\dotsc</math> for commas

Spacing

• See also: em (typography) and Help:Displaying a formula#Spacing
• Zero-width space: ​ ​     (The LaTeX \hspace{0pt} and \hskip0pt do not work on Wikipedia)

Result

LaTeX code

${\begin{alignedat}{8}&M\!M&&\quad &&\backslash !&&{\text{negative thin space (-3 mu)}}\\&MMM&&&&&&{\text{no space}}\\&M\,M&&&&\backslash ,&&{\text{thin (3 mu)}}\\&M\;M&&&&\backslash ;&&{\text{thick (5 mu)}}\\&M\ M&&&&\backslash {\text{ }}&&{\text{length of a text space character}}\\&M{\text{ }}M&&&&\backslash {\text{text}}\{\ \}&&{\text{using }}\backslash {\text{text}}\{{\text{ }}\}\\&M\quad M&&&&\backslash {\text{quad}}&&{\text{width of }}M{\text{ (18 mu)}}\\&MMM&&&&&&{\text{no space }}\\&M\qquad M&&&&\backslash {\text{qquad}}&&{\text{double width of }}M{\text{ (36 mu)}}\\&M\mathbin {M} M&&&&\backslash {\text{mathbin}}\{M\}\quad &&{\text{spaces around binary relation }}M\\&M\mathrel {M} M&&&&\backslash {\text{mathrel}}\{M\}\quad &&{\text{spaces around binary operator }}M\\\end{alignedat}}$

<math>\begin{alignat}{8} &M \! M&&\quad&&\backslash! &&\text{negative thin space (-3 mu)}\\ &MMM && && &&\text{no space}\\ &M \, M&& &&\backslash, &&\text{thin (3 mu)}\\ &M \; M&& &&\backslash; &&\text{thick (5 mu)}\\ &M \ M&& &&\backslash\text{ } &&\text{length of a text space character}\\ &M \text{ } M&& &&\backslash\text{text}\{\ \}&&\text{using } \backslash\text{text}\{\text{ }\}\\ &M \quad M&& &&\backslash\text{quad} &&\text{width of } M \text{ (18 mu)}\\ &MMM && && &&\text{no space }\\ &M \qquad M&& &&\backslash\text{qquad} &&\text{double width of } M \text{ (36 mu)}\\ &M \mathbin{M} M&& &&\backslash\text{mathbin}\{M\}\quad&&\text{spaces around binary relation } M\\ &M \mathrel{M} M&& &&\backslash\text{mathrel}\{M\}\quad&&\text{spaces around binary operator } M\\ \end{alignat}</math>

Symbols (LaTeX)

Links to Math symbol articles

Symbols for Operations/Relations

See also: List of mathematical symbols by subject, Wikipedia:LaTeX symbols, and Glossary of mathematical symbols

• Unicode + corresponding LaTeX code
• Common Unicode/LaTeX symbols: Short list    Long list

Result	LaTeX code	Other info
$\wp$ $\emptyset$ $\P$ $\S$ $\mathbb {C}$ $\mathbb {H}$ $\mathbb {N}$ $\mathbb {Q}$ $\mathbb {R}$ $\mathbb {Z}$	\wp \O \P \S \Complex \H \N \Q \Reals \Z	Weierstrass P
$\ker$ $\Pr$ $\hom$ $\arg$ $\gcd$ $\exp$ $\operatorname {sgn}$ $\dim$ $\deg$ ${\displaystyle }$ $\det$ $\imath$ $\jmath$ $\Bbbk$ $\$	\ker \Pr \hom \imath\arg \gcd \exp \sgn \dim \deg \det \imath \jmath \Bbbk \ (space)
$\blacksquare$ $\square$	\blacksquare \square	QED end of proof box.
$\perp$ $\bot$ $\backslash$ $\odot$	\perp \bot \backslash \odot
$\rightarrowtail$ $\hookrightarrow$ $\rightharpoonup$ $\rightrightarrows$ $\twoheadrightarrow$ $\rightsquigarrow$ $\mapsto$ $\longmapsto$	\rightarrowtail \hookrightarrow \rightharpoonup \rightrightarrows \twoheadrightarrow \rightsquigarrow \mapsto \longmapsto
$\cong$ $\equiv$ $\sim$ $\simeq$ $\approx$ ${\widehat {=}}$ ${\overset {?}{=}}$ $\triangleq$ $\doteq$ $\shortparallel$ $\nshortparallel$	\cong \equiv \sim \simeq \approx \widehat{=} \overset{?}{=} \triangleq \doteq \shortparallel \nshortparallel
$\lor$ $\land$ $\vee$ $\wedge$ $\bigvee$ $\bigwedge$ $\curlywedge$ $\curlyvee$	\lor \land \vee \wedge \bigvee \bigwedge \curlywedge \curlyvee
$\prec$ $\preccurlyeq$ $\preceq$ $\precsim$ $\curlyeqprec$ $\succ$ $\succcurlyeq$ $\succsim$ $\succeq$ $\curlyeqsucc$ $\not \prec$ $\not \preceq$ $\not \succ$ $\not \succeq$	\prec \preccurlyeq \preceq \precsim \curlyeqprec \succ \succcurlyeq \succeq \succsim \curlyeqsucc \not\prec \not\preceq \not\succ \not\succeq
$\lesssim$ $\gtrsim$ $\lessdot$ $\gtrdot$ $\sqsubset$ $\sqsubseteq$ $\sqsupset$ $\sqsupseteq$ $\not \sqsubseteq$ $\not \sqsupseteq$ $\ll$ $\gg$	\lesssim \gtrsim \lessdot \gtrdot \sqsubset \sqsubseteq \sqsupset \sqsupseteq \not\sqsubseteq \not\sqsupseteq \ll \gg
$\triangleleft$ $\triangleright$ $\vartriangleleft$ $\ntriangleleft$ $\vartriangleright$ $\ntriangleright$ $\trianglelefteq$ $\ntrianglelefteq$ $\trianglerighteq$ $\ntrianglerighteq$	\triangleleft \triangleright \vartriangleleft \ntriangleleft \vartriangleright \ntriangleright \trianglelefteq \ntrianglelefteq \trianglerighteq \ntrianglerighteq
$\varnothing$ $\emptyset$ $\emptyset$	\varnothing \empty \emptyset
$\subsetneq \supsetneq$ $\not \subseteq \not \supseteq$	\subsetneq \supsetneq \not\subseteq \not\supseteq
$\mod m$ $\mod \,$ ${\pmod {m}}$ ${\pmod {\,}}$	\mod m \mod \, \pmod m \pmod \,	NOTE: <math>\mod</math> and <math>\pmod</math> without an argument are NOT allowed.
$\Re$ $\Im$ $\mho$ $\P$ $\S$ $\ln$ $\log$ $\lg$ $\sinh$ $\cosh$ $\tanh$ $\coth$ $\coth$ $\complement$	\Re \Im \mho \P \S \ln \log \lg \sinh \cosh \tanh \coth \complement
$\lim$ $\ \liminf \$ $\ \limsup \$ $\inf$ $\sup$	\lim \liminf \limsup \inf \sup

Words/Terminology

Useful terminology or words with special symbols

• Fréchet
• Kuratowski closure axioms#Definition has useful terminology.

Non-Latex Code

Superscripts and subscripts
overbase           {{overset|over|base}} basebelow           {{underset|below|base}} super subsc           {{sup sub|super|subsc}} - Can also use {{su}} but you'll need to write "p=" and "b=" as in: {{su|p=super|b=subsc}} which gives: super subsc Xtop bot             X{{su|p=top|b=bot}} Xb                X{{sub|b}} Xb                X{{sup|b}}

Alignment: {{center}}
{{left}} {{center}} {{right}} - For aligning text that comes after it {{Center|Text goes here}} See Help:Table#HELP:TABLECENTER for info on centering tables. Text goes here

Font size: {{larger}} < {{big}} < {{large}} < {{huge}}, {{resize}}, {{math|big=1|}}, {{math|size=200%|}}

{{math|big=1|}}     for big font size (165%) OR     {{math|size=200%|}}     for custom font size. 3                 {{larger|3}} 3                 {{big|3}} 3                 {{large|3}} 3                 {{huge|3}} 3                {{resize|260%|3}} {{math|big=1|}}      {{math|size=200%|}} Divide text into multiple columns: <div style="column-count: 3; column-rule-style: dotted; column-rule-color: lightblue; column-rule-style: outset; column-width: 80px;">The COVID‑19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2). It was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020 and a pandemic on 11 March.</div>

Spacing

{{paragraph break}} {{space|3}} adds 3 spaces. {{quad}} adds 4 spaces. {{sp}}     - Standard space character - HTML: &#32;    Unicode: U+202F {{thinsp}}    &thinsp;    {{thin space}} - To place a single thin space (unicode: U+2009) {{thinsp|symbol}}      OR      {{thin space|symbol}} - Wraps text on the left AND right with a thin space Ex: ({{thinsp|''x''}})      ( x )      rather than:    (x) {{thinspace}} - Separates a list of arguments by &thinsp; EX: ({{thinspace|sin|2''θ''}})      (sin 2θ) {{hair space}}    {{hsp}}    {{hairsp}}    - Unicode: U+200A {{hairsp|symbol}}      OR      {{hair space|symbol}} - Wraps text on the left AND right with a hair space Ex: ({{hairsp|''x''}})      ( x )      rather than:    (x) {{Narrow no-break space}}    {{hsp}}    {{nnbsp}}    - HTML: &#8239;    Unicode: U+202F {{nnbsp|symbol}}      OR      {{Narrow no-break space|symbol}} - Wraps text on the left AND right with a hair space Ex: ({{nnbsp|''x''}})      ( x )      rather than:    (x) {{Zero width space}} {{0}}     - Empty string i.e. 0-width space Name (alias) →Instance← Example code and ... Using {{spaces}} Output Output {{spaces}} none →← Text<ref>...</ref> ''Text''<ref>...</ref> Text Text Hair (Very thin) → ← Text{{hair space}}<ref>...</ref> ''Text''{{hair space}}<ref>...</ref> Text{{spaces|hair}}<ref>...</ref> Text  Text  Text  Text  2-pixel →‍← Text{{px2}}<ref>...</ref> ''Text''{{px2}}<ref>...</ref> Text‍ Text‍ Narrow no-break → ← Text{{narrow no-break space}}<ref>...</ref> ''Text''{{narrow no-break space}}<ref>...</ref> Text  Text  Thin → ← Text{{thin space}}<ref>...</ref> ''Text''{{thin space}}<ref>...</ref> Text{{spaces|thin}}<ref>...</ref> Text  Text  Text  Text  Standard → ← Text&nbsp;<ref>...</ref> ''Text''&nbsp;<ref>...</ref> Text{{spaces}}<ref>...</ref> Text  Text  Text  En → ← 1&ensp;3 1{{spaces|en}}3 1 3 1 3 Figure → ← 123<br/>1{{figure space}}3 123<br/>1{{spaces|fig}}3 123 1 3 123 1 3 Em → ← 1&emsp;3 1{{spaces|em}}3 1 3 1 3

Equations and boxes

See also: Help:Displaying a formula

Boxes

For Box shadows - See also: CSS box-shadow Box shadows: Result LaTeX code Other info My text in a box! <div style="border: 2px solid; padding: 10px; box-shadow: 5px 10px;">My text in a box!</div> My text in a box with multile colors! <div style="border: 2px solid; padding: 10px; box-shadow: 5px 6px 7px green, 11px 12px 13px red, 21px 22x 23px blue;">My text in a box with multile colors!</div> My text in a box with multile colors and blur effect! <div style="border: 2px solid; padding: 10px; box-shadow: 5px 6px 7px green, 11px 12px 13px red, 21px 22x 23px blue;">My text in a box with multile colors and blur effect!</div> My text in a box with multile colors and blur effect! The keyword "inset" places the shadow inside the box. <div style="border: 2px solid; padding: 10px; box-shadow: 5px 6px 7px green, 11px 12px 13px red, 21px 22x 23px blue inset;">My text in a box with multile colors and blur effect! The keyword "inset" places the shadow inside the box.</div>

Referencing and Displaying equations

Option 1: Step (1): Wrap the equation in <div id=EquationID></div> where id's value becomes an anchor name. Step (2): Reference the equation by its id: Example: <div id=EquationID><math display=block>x \mapsto f x</math></div> where [[#EquationID|the equation above]] Output: $$x\mapsto fx$$ where the equation above Option 2: Use {{EquationRef}} to create an {{anchor}} Result LaTeX code Other info Eq. 1 $x^{2}+x+1=0$ {{EquationRef|Eq. 1}} <math>x^2+x+1=0</math> Eq. 2: $x^{2}-2x+1=0$ {{EquationRef|2|Eq. 2:}} <math>x^2-2x+1=0</math> Option 3: {{NumBlk}} produces numbered blocks. The more colons : you put then the more the equation is indented. {{NumBlk|:::|<math>y=ax+b</math>|{{EquationRef|Eq. 5}}|LnSty=1px dashed black}} $y=ax+b$ (Eq. 5) {{NumBlk|:|<math>y=ax+b</math>|Eq. 6}} $y=ax+b$ (Eq. 6) Option 4: {{Equation box 1|indent= |title=|equation=|ref=|cellpadding=|border=|bordercolour=|background colour=}} {{Equation box 1|title='''[[Complex number]]'''|indent=:|equation=<math>2=1+1</math>|cellpadding=6|border=1|border colour=black|background colour=white|ref=Eq. 90}} Complex number $2=1+1$   (Eq. 90) Use border colour=#50C878|background colour=#ECFCF4 for more colors. Other options: {{equation}} HTML LINK - ASSUMES THE EQUATION THAT IS IN LaTeX {{equation|1=X(t) = 3.5|2=3.5}} $X(t)=3.5$ (3.5) HTML Link to equation 3.5 [[#equation-3.5|HTML Link to equation 3.5]] Default anchor name is: equation-# where # is the equation number used in argument |2= Step (2) Use {{EquationNote}} to create a link Result LaTeX code Other info 1 {{EquationNote|1}} Equation 1 {{EquationNote|1|Equation 1}} Custom-Text-Eq-2 {{EquationNote|2|Custom-Text-Eq-2}} Custom-Text-Eq. 5 {{EquationNote|Eq. 5|Custom-Text-Eq. 5}}

Aligning: \begin{alignat}{4} and \begin{array}{4}

• Help:Cheatsheet

• For additional vertical space at the end of a line, use \\[0.7ex] instead of just \\ (2.0ex is twice the height of the x character).

LaTeX: Aligning equations \begin{alignat}{4} \stackrel{a}{b}

Note: \begin{alignat}{4} does not add space between columns while \begin{align} and \begin{align*} do. Result LaTeX code Other info ${\begin{alignedat}{4}(1)\;\;\;&\{q_{i,K}&&:\;K\in \mathbb {K} ,\;\;&&i\in \mathbb {N} ,\;&&0\leq i\leq k\}\\(4)\;\;\;&\{s_{p,K}&&:\;K\in \mathbb {K} ,\;\;&&p\in \mathbb {N} ^{n},\;&&|p|\leq k\}.\end{alignedat}}$ <math>\begin{alignat}{4} (1) \;\;\; &\{q_{i,K} &&: \;K \in \mathbb{K}, \;\;&&i \in \N, \;&&0 \leq i \leq k \} \\ (4) \;\;\; &\{s_{p,K} &&: \;K \in \mathbb{K}, \;\;&&p \in \N^n, \;&&|p| \leq k \}. \end{alignat}</math> The Wikipedia equivalent of the LaTeX code \substack{a\\b} is \stackrel{a}{b} (displays as ${\stackrel {a}{b}}$). Result LaTeX code Other info ${\begin{array}{rcrcccl}f(x,y,z)&=&x&+&y&+&z\\g(x,y)&=&x&+&y&&\\h(y,z)&=&&&y&+&z\\\end{array}}$ <math>\begin{array}{rcrcccl} r(x,y,z) & = & x & + & y & + & z \\ g(x,y) & = & x & + & y & & \\ h(y,z) & = & & & y & + & z \\ \end{array}</math> ${\begin{array}{|l|c|r|}\hline 00&00&00\\\hline 1&2&3\\1&2&3\\\hline 1&2&3\\\end{array}}$ <math>\begin{array}{|l|c|r|} \hline 00 & 00 & 00 \\ \hline 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 1 & 2 & 3 \\ \hline 1 & 2 & 3 \\ \end{array}</math> See also this chemistry table. ${\begin{array}{lcr}001&000&100\\01&00&10\\1&1&1\\\hline 3&1&111\\\end{array}}$ <math>\begin{array}{|l|c|r|} 001 & 000 & 100 \\ 01 & 00 & 10 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 \\ \hline 3 & 1 & 111 \\ \end{array}</math>

---

See also: Help:Displaying a formula § Fractions, matrices, multilines

Result	LaTeX code	Other info
$f(x)={\begin{cases}x&{\text{ if }}x\leq 0\\0&{\text{ otherwise }}\\\end{cases}}$	<math>f(x) = \begin{cases} x & \text{ if } x \leq 0 \\ 0 & \text{ otherwise } \\ \end{cases}</math>
${\begin{alignedat}{4}f:\,&X&&\to \,&&Y\\&x&&\mapsto \,&&y\\\end{alignedat}}$	<math>\begin{alignat}{4} f : \,& X && \to \,&& Y \\ & x && \mapsto\,&& y \\ \end{alignat}</math>
${\begin{array}{rccl}f:&X&\to &\,Y\\&x&\mapsto &\,y\\\end{array}}$	<math>\begin{array}{rccl} f : &X& \to \,&Y \\ &x& \mapsto\,&y \\ \end{array}</math>
${\displaystyle }$

Definitions - {{dfn}}

• {{dfn}}

Ex: Without alt text:

Say that {{em|{{dfn|1=new term|id=dfn-anchorname}}}} if ....<br/>this term ([[#dfn-anchorname|defined here]]), ...

Say that new term if ....
this term (defined here), ...

Ex: With alt text:

Say that {{em|{{dfn|1=new term 2|2=Alt text giving definition of term|id=dfn-anchorname2}}}} if ....<br/>this term ([[#dfn-anchorname2|defined here]]), ...

Say that new term if ....
this term (defined here), ...

Color

Main pages: Help:Using colours, Help:Displaying a formula § Color, and H:Colorblind

See also: Web colors, List of colors by shade, and Lists of colors

Result	LaTeX code	Other info
${\color {Red}{\bigcup }}B$	{\color{Red}{\bigcup}} B
$\color {Red}{\bigcup }\color {Black}{}B$	A \color{Red}{\bigcup}\color{Black}{} B	See below for why \color{Black}{} is needed
$\color {Red}{\bigcup }B$	\color{Red}{\bigcup} B	Without the \color{Black}{} it renders as: $\color {Red}{\bigcup }B$
<span style="color:red">red text</span> <span style="color:#0000FF"">blue text</span>	For plain text.

• "Latex does not have a command for setting the background color."

• CSS colors

• Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility − MOS:COLORS has a table of acceptable colors. − More details at MOS:COLOR

• {{Color sample}}
• {{Font color}}

Colors supported

$\color {Apricot}{\text{Apricot}}$	$\color {Aquamarine}{\text{Aquamarine}}$	$\color {Bittersweet}{\text{Bittersweet}}$	$\color {Black}{\text{Black}}$
$\color {Blue}{\text{Blue}}$	$\color {BlueGreen}{\text{BlueGreen}}$	$\color {BlueViolet}{\text{BlueViolet}}$	$\color {BrickRed}{\text{BrickRed}}$
$\color {Brown}{\text{Brown}}$	$\color {BurntOrange}{\text{BurntOrange}}$	$\color {CadetBlue}{\text{CadetBlue}}$	$\color {CarnationPink}{\text{CarnationPink}}$
$\color {Cerulean}{\text{Cerulean}}$	$\color {CornflowerBlue}{\text{CornflowerBlue}}$	$\color {Cyan}{\text{Cyan}}$	$\color {Dandelion}{\text{Dandelion}}$
$\color {DarkOrchid}{\text{DarkOrchid}}$	$\color {Emerald}{\text{Emerald}}$	$\color {ForestGreen}{\text{ForestGreen}}$	$\color {Fuchsia}{\text{Fuchsia}}$
$\color {Goldenrod}{\text{Goldenrod}}$	$\color {white}{\text{Gray}}$	$\color {Green}{\text{Green}}$	$\color {GreenYellow}{\text{GreenYellow}}$
$\color {JungleGreen}{\text{JungleGreen}}$	$\color {Lavender}{\text{Lavender}}$	$\color {LimeGreen}{\text{LimeGreen}}$	$\color {Magenta}{\text{Magenta}}$
$\color {Mahogany}{\text{Mahogany}}$	$\color {Maroon}{\text{Maroon}}$	$\color {Melon}{\text{Melon}}$	$\color {MidnightBlue}{\text{MidnightBlue}}$
$\color {Mulberry}{\text{Mulberry}}$	$\color {NavyBlue}{\text{NavyBlue}}$	$\color {OliveGreen}{\text{OliveGreen}}$	$\color {Orange}{\text{Orange}}$
$\color {OrangeRed}{\text{OrangeRed}}$	$\color {Orchid}{\text{Orchid}}$	$\color {Peach}{\text{Peach}}$	$\color {Periwinkle}{\text{Periwinkle}}$
$\color {PineGreen}{\text{PineGreen}}$	$\color {Plum}{\text{Plum}}$	$\color {ProcessBlue}{\text{ProcessBlue}}$	$\color {Purple}{\text{Purple}}$
$\color {RawSienna}{\text{RawSienna}}$	$\color {Red}{\text{Red}}$	$\color {RedOrange}{\text{RedOrange}}$	$\color {RedViolet}{\text{RedViolet}}$
$\color {Rhodamine}{\text{Rhodamine}}$	$\color {RoyalBlue}{\text{RoyalBlue}}$	$\color {RoyalPurple}{\text{RoyalPurple}}$	$\color {RubineRed}{\text{RubineRed}}$
$\color {Salmon}{\text{Salmon}}$	$\color {SeaGreen}{\text{SeaGreen}}$	$\color {Sepia}{\text{Sepia}}$	$\color {SkyBlue}{\text{SkyBlue}}$
$\color {SpringGreen}{\text{SpringGreen}}$	$\color {Tan}{\text{Tan}}$	$\color {TealBlue}{\text{TealBlue}}$	$\color {Thistle}{\text{Thistle}}$
$\color {Turquoise}{\text{Turquoise}}$	$\color {Violet}{\text{Violet}}$	$\color {VioletRed}{\text{VioletRed}}$	${\color {White}{\text{White}}}$
$\color {WildStrawberry}{\text{WildStrawberry}}$	$\color {Yellow}{\text{Yellow}}$	$\color {YellowGreen}{\text{YellowGreen}}$	$\color {YellowOrange}{\text{YellowOrange}}$

Colors

CSS 1–2.0, HTML 3.2–4, and VGA color names Name Hex (RGB) Red (RGB) Green (RGB) Blue (RGB) Hue (HSL/HSV) Satur. (HSL) Light (HSL) Satur. (HSV) Value (HSV) CGA number (name); alias White #FFFFFF 100% 100% 100% 0° 0% 100% 0% 100% 15 (white) Silver #C0C0C0 75% 75% 75% 0° 0% 75% 0% 75% 07 (light gray) Gray #808080 50% 50% 50% 0° 0% 50% 0% 50% 08 (dark gray) Black #000000 0% 0% 0% 0° 0% 0% 0% 0% 00 (black) Red #FF0000 100% 0% 0% 0° 100% 50% 100% 100% 12 (high red) Maroon #800000 50% 0% 0% 0° 100% 25% 100% 50% 04 (low red) Yellow #FFFF00 100% 100% 0% 60° 100% 50% 100% 100% 14 (yellow) Olive #808000 50% 50% 0% 60° 100% 25% 100% 50% 06 (brown) Lime #00FF00 0% 100% 0% 120° 100% 50% 100% 100% 10 (high green); green Green #008000 0% 50% 0% 120° 100% 25% 100% 50% 02 (low green) Aqua #00FFFF 0% 100% 100% 180° 100% 50% 100% 100% 11 (high cyan); cyan Teal #008080 0% 50% 50% 180° 100% 25% 100% 50% 03 (low cyan) Blue #0000FF 0% 0% 100% 240° 100% 50% 100% 100% 09 (high blue) Navy #000080 0% 0% 50% 240° 100% 25% 100% 50% 01 (low blue) Fuchsia #FF00FF 100% 0% 100% 300° 100% 50% 100% 100% 13 (high magenta); magenta Purple #800080 50% 0% 50% 300° 100% 25% 100% 50% 05 (low magenta) HTML name R G B Hex Decimal Pink colors MediumVioletRed C71585 199, 21, 133 DeepPink FF1493 255, 20, 147 PaleVioletRed DB7093 219, 112, 147 HotPink FF69B4 255, 105, 180 LightPink FFB6C1 255, 182, 193 Pink FFC0CB 255, 192, 203 Red colors DarkRed 8B0000 139, 0, 0 Red FF0000 255, 0, 0 Firebrick B22222 178, 34, 34 Crimson DC143C 220, 20, 60 IndianRed CD5C5C 205, 92, 92 LightCoral F08080 240, 128, 128 Salmon FA8072 250, 128, 114 DarkSalmon E9967A 233, 150, 122 LightSalmon FFA07A 255, 160, 122 Orange colors OrangeRed FF4500 255, 69, 0 Tomato FF6347 255, 99, 71 DarkOrange FF8C00 255, 140, 0 Coral FF7F50 255, 127, 80 Orange FFA500 255, 165, 0 Yellow colors DarkKhaki BDB76B 189, 183, 107 Gold FFD700 255, 215, 0 Khaki F0E68C 240, 230, 140 PeachPuff FFDAB9 255, 218, 185 Yellow FFFF00 255, 255, 0 PaleGoldenrod EEE8AA 238, 232, 170 Moccasin FFE4B5 255, 228, 181 PapayaWhip FFEFD5 255, 239, 213 LightGoldenrodYellow FAFAD2 250, 250, 210 LemonChiffon FFFACD 255, 250, 205 LightYellow FFFFE0 255, 255, 224 Brown colors Maroon 800000 128, 0, 0 Brown A52A2A 165, 42, 42 SaddleBrown 8B4513 139, 69, 19 Sienna A0522D 160, 82, 45 Chocolate D2691E 210, 105, 30 DarkGoldenrod B8860B 184, 134, 11 Peru CD853F 205, 133, 63 RosyBrown BC8F8F 188, 143, 143 Goldenrod DAA520 218, 165, 32 SandyBrown F4A460 244, 164, 96 Tan D2B48C 210, 180, 140 Burlywood DEB887 222, 184, 135 Wheat F5DEB3 245, 222, 179 NavajoWhite FFDEAD 255, 222, 173 Bisque FFE4C4 255, 228, 196 BlanchedAlmond FFEBCD 255, 235, 205 Cornsilk FFF8DC 255, 248, 220 HTML name R G B Hex Decimal Purple, violet, and magenta colors Indigo 4B0082 75, 0, 130 Purple 800080 128, 0, 128 DarkMagenta 8B008B 139, 0, 139 DarkViolet 9400D3 148, 0, 211 DarkSlateBlue 483D8B 72, 61, 139 BlueViolet 8A2BE2 138, 43, 226 DarkOrchid 9932CC 153, 50, 204 Fuchsia FF00FF 255, 0, 255 Magenta FF00FF 255, 0, 255 SlateBlue 6A5ACD 106, 90, 205 MediumSlateBlue 7B68EE 123, 104, 238 MediumOrchid BA55D3 186, 85, 211 MediumPurple 9370DB 147, 112, 219 Orchid DA70D6 218, 112, 214 Violet EE82EE 238, 130, 238 Plum DDA0DD 221, 160, 221 Thistle D8BFD8 216, 191, 216 Lavender E6E6FA 230, 230, 250 Blue colors MidnightBlue 191970 25, 25, 112 Navy 000080 0, 0, 128 DarkBlue 00008B 0, 0, 139 MediumBlue 0000CD 0, 0, 205 Blue 0000FF 0, 0, 255 RoyalBlue 4169E1 65, 105, 225 SteelBlue 4682B4 70, 130, 180 DodgerBlue 1E90FF 30, 144, 255 DeepSkyBlue 00BFFF 0, 191, 255 CornflowerBlue 6495ED 100, 149, 237 SkyBlue 87CEEB 135, 206, 235 LightSkyBlue 87CEFA 135, 206, 250 LightSteelBlue B0C4DE 176, 196, 222 LightBlue ADD8E6 173, 216, 230 PowderBlue B0E0E6 176, 224, 230 Cyan colors Teal 008080 0, 128, 128 DarkCyan 008B8B 0, 139, 139 LightSeaGreen 20B2AA 32, 178, 170 CadetBlue 5F9EA0 95, 158, 160 DarkTurquoise 00CED1 0, 206, 209 MediumTurquoise 48D1CC 72, 209, 204 Turquoise 40E0D0 64, 224, 208 Aqua 00FFFF 0, 255, 255 Cyan 00FFFF 0, 255, 255 Aquamarine 7FFFD4 127, 255, 212 PaleTurquoise AFEEEE 175, 238, 238 LightCyan E0FFFF 224, 255, 255 HTML name R G B Hex Decimal Green colors DarkGreen 006400 0, 100, 0 Green 008000 0, 128, 0 DarkOliveGreen 556B2F 85, 107, 47 ForestGreen 228B22 34, 139, 34 SeaGreen 2E8B57 46, 139, 87 Olive 808000 128, 128, 0 OliveDrab 6B8E23 107, 142, 35 MediumSeaGreen 3CB371 60, 179, 113 LimeGreen 32CD32 50, 205, 50 Lime 00FF00 0, 255, 0 SpringGreen 00FF7F 0, 255, 127 MediumSpringGreen 00FA9A 0, 250, 154 DarkSeaGreen 8FBC8F 143, 188, 143 MediumAquamarine 66CDAA 102, 205, 170 YellowGreen 9ACD32 154, 205, 50 LawnGreen 7CFC00 124, 252, 0 Chartreuse 7FFF00 127, 255, 0 LightGreen 90EE90 144, 238, 144 GreenYellow ADFF2F 173, 255, 47 PaleGreen 98FB98 152, 251, 152 White colors MistyRose FFE4E1 255, 228, 225 AntiqueWhite FAEBD7 250, 235, 215 Linen FAF0E6 250, 240, 230 Beige F5F5DC 245, 245, 220 WhiteSmoke F5F5F5 245, 245, 245 LavenderBlush FFF0F5 255, 240, 245 OldLace FDF5E6 253, 245, 230 AliceBlue F0F8FF 240, 248, 255 Seashell FFF5EE 255, 245, 238 GhostWhite F8F8FF 248, 248, 255 Honeydew F0FFF0 240, 255, 240 FloralWhite FFFAF0 255, 250, 240 Azure F0FFFF 240, 255, 255 MintCream F5FFFA 245, 255, 250 Snow FFFAFA 255, 250, 250 Ivory FFFFF0 255, 255, 240 White FFFFFF 255, 255, 255 Gray and black colors Black 000000 0, 0, 0 DarkSlateGray 2F4F4F 47, 79, 79 DimGray 696969 105, 105, 105 SlateGray 708090 112, 128, 144 Gray 808080 128, 128, 128 LightSlateGray 778899 119, 136, 153 DarkGray A9A9A9 169, 169, 169 Silver C0C0C0 192, 192, 192 LightGray D3D3D3 211, 211, 211 Gainsboro DCDCDC 220, 220, 220

General Wiki code

Lists

See also: Help:List, MOS:LIST, and Category:List formatting and function templates

• <li value="7">Item</li>
  • but      <li value="7a">Item</li> does not produce "7a".

---

<ol type="a">     or     <ol style="list-style-type:lower-latin;">     or     <ol style="list-style-type:square;">   or   circle;    {{Columns-list}}

<ol type="a">      or      <ol style="list-style-type:lower-latin;"> <ol type="A">      or      <ol style="list-style-type:upper-latin;"> <ol type="i">      or      <ol style="list-style-type:lower-roman;"> <ol type="I">      or      <ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman;"> <ol style="list-style-type:square;"> <ol style="list-style-type:circle;">      for a non-filled circle (not a closed disk, but just its boundary) <ol style="list-style-type:disk;">      for a filled disk <ol type="1">      or      <ol style="list-style-type:decimal;"> <ol style="list-style-type:none;">      Blank, no symbol shown. See list-style-type for more options for style="list-style-type:VALUES". Result LaTeX code Other info Item 1 Item 2 {{Columns-list|colwidth=22em| * Item 1 * Item 2 }} {{Columns-list}} "turns a list into a list with columns. It is a wrapper for {{div col}}, except it wraps the template by allowing for the content to be in the template rather than above and below."

---

See also: WP:PLAINLIST

Blank lists (no symbol)    {{plainlist}}    {{unbulleted list}}
Result LaTeX code Other info Item 1 Item 2 <ol style="list-style-type:none;"> <li>Item 1</li> <li>Item 2</li> </ol> <ol style="list-style-type:none;">      Blank, no symbol shown. Item 1 Item 2 {{plainlist| * Item 1 * Item 2 }} {{plainlist}} Item 1 Item 2 {{unbulleted list | Item 1 | Item 2 }} {{unbulleted list}}

---

See also: WP:FLATLIST

Horizontal/Flat lists      {{hlist|class=inline|Entry1|Entry2}}

{{hlist}} {{hlist|Entry1|entry2|entry3}}      produces: Entry1 entry2 entry3 {{hlist|class=inline|Entry1|entry2|entry3}}      produces: Entry1 entry2 entry3 {{flatlist}} {{flatlist| * Entry 1 * Entry 2 * entry 3 }} produces: Entry 1 Entry 2 entry 3 Using {{flatlist}} improves WP:ACCESSIBILITY: Source Rendered result {{flatlist| # item 1 # item 2 }} item 1 item 2 {{flatlist| * item 1 * item 2 }} item 1 item 2

<ol style="list-style-position:inside;">

<ol style="list-style-position:inside;"> produces: An extremely long sentence with repeated words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words. Item 2. where note that "words" appears directly underneath the "1." The default is "outside"; that is: <ol style="list-style-position:outside;"> which produces: An extremely long sentence with repeated words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words words. Item 2. where note that there is empty space directly underneath the "1."

Spacing/Padding      <ol style="line-height:180%;">
<ol style="line-height:250%;"> Produces: Item 1. Item 2. The default is: Item 1. Item 2.

Tables and columns

See also: Help:Table, Wikipedia:Advanced table formatting, and Help:Basic table markup

Sorting Tables
Main page: Help:Sorting Help:Sorting#Date sorting problems Using the {{Date table sorting}} template: Help:Sorting#Date table sorting template

Wikipedia: Tables

Main page: Help:Table Main page: Wikipedia:Advanced table formatting Help:Table#Cells spanning multiple rows or columns For side by side info (e.g. code next to output): (The <div> is for border + background) <div style="background: white; border: 2px solid rgb(0, 255, 0); padding: 2px;"> {| style="border-collapse: collapse; width: ; background: ; color: ; border: ; margin: ;" <!--- Example: {| style="width: 100%; background: yellow; color: red; border: 2px solid green;" ---> !style="text-align:center;"|Column 1 Title !style="text-align:center;"|Column 2 Title |-style="vertical-align:top;" |style="border-right:2px solid rgb(0, 255, 0); padding-top: ; padding-right:1em; padding-left:1em;"| Left side info - e.g. Code goes here |style="padding-top: ; padding-right:1em; padding-left:1em;"| Right side info here |} </div> Template:Diagonal split header - "a table header cell split diagonally" Wiki source Rendered result {| style="width: ; background: ; color: ; border: ;" ! {{diagonal split header|Bottom-Left|Top-Right}} ! Solid !! Liquid !! Gas |- ! Solid | Solid-solid transformation || Melting || Sublimation |} Top-Right Bottom-Left Solid Liquid Gas Solid Solid-solid transformation Melting Sublimation You can also use other languages for lang=""(WikiMedia partial list here). <syntaxhighlight lang="html+handlebars"> - for WikiCode <syntaxhighlight lang="tid"> <syntaxhighlight lang="css"> <syntaxhighlight lang="html"> (ending tag is </syntaxhighlight>) in place of the <pre><nowiki> tags. Template:Table cell templates - List of templates that color individual cells (in a consistent way across Wikipedia); can also add text to the cell. Ex: {{success}}     {{failure}} EXAMPLES of Tables Lots of Examples @ MediaWiki Atmosphere of Earth#Composition Template:Periodic table Template:Periodic table (32 columns, compact) Many more examples can be found by searching through the {{Navbox}}: Template:Periodic table templates

Columns

Result LaTeX code Other info 1 2 3 4 {{div col|colwidth=8em|gap=1em|rules=yes|small=yes}} * 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 {{div col end}} {{div col|colwidth|rules|gap|small}} {{div col end}} 1 2 3 4 5 {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} * 1 * 2 {{col-break}} * 3 * 4 {{col-break}} * 5 {{col-end}} {{col-begin}}{{col-break}} Content {{col-break}} Content2 {{col-end}} Column 1 start: 1 2 Column 2 start: If there is not enough space to display 2 columns then the second column will be displayed underneth the first column. Otherwise they will be side by side. 3 4 5 {{col-float}} Column 1 start: * 1 * 2 {{col-float-break}} Column 2 start: If there is not enough space to display 2 columns then the second column will be displayed underneth the first column. Otherwise they will be side by side. * 3 * 4 * 5 {{col-float-end}} {{col-float}}{{col-float-break}} Content {{col-float-break}} Content2 {{col-float-end}} This template has between cross platform behavior. Column 1 start: 1 2 Column 2 start: If there is not enough space to display 2 columns then the second column will be displayed underneth the first column. Otherwise they will be side by side. 3 4 5

See also, Main, and other Hatnotes

• {{About}}
• {{About-distinguish2}}

Images

Main article: Wikimedia:Help:Images

• Wikipedia:How to create charts for Wikipedia articles
• Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials
  • This program displays webpages as a color blind person would see it. (See also MOS:COLORCODING).

Wikipedia:Images

[[File:Wading through water.jpg|thumb|left|Text under the image goes here. E.g. These tails are due to [[ram-pressure]] stripping.]] Help:Pictures - Detailed info about displaying pictures Wikipedia:Extended image syntax - Gives details about options that can be used in displaying an image; i.e. [[File:Name|Type|Border|Location|Alignment|Size|link=Link|alt=Alt|page=Page|lang=Langtag|Caption]] Wikipedia:Images - Lists links to info about Wikipedia images.

• {{Overlay}} – "Allows image numbered, textual number, or colour tag overlays to be positioned over an image"

• <imagemap></imagemap>

• {{Annotated image}}

- "allows the addition of explanatory notes to images in the form of actual text (which can also contain links)"

- "Other uses include cropping an image"

{{Panorama}} {{Wide image}} Panorama images

"The main function of {{Panorama}}, as opposed to {{Wide image}}, is that the template allows you to specify a desired height of the panorama." Use {{clear}} to prevent the panorama image from (possibly) being squeezed to a reduced width. {{Panorama}} − Use this if you want to specify the image's HEIGHT {{Panorama}} {{Panorama |image=File: <!-- Must start with "File:Example.jpg" --> |height=300 <!-- Height of image. In pixels, no units. Use Template:Wide_image to set the width instead --> |width=<!-- Limit the width of Frame enclosing the image. Include units e.g. 9px or 9%. Default is based on width of web browser --> |alt=<!-- Alternate text for visually impaired readers. --> |caption=<!-- Caption/text to render below the image --> |dir=<!-- Can be: ltr (default) or rtl. Should scroll bar start at the very left (ltr = left-to-right) or very right (rtl)? --> |align=<!-- Frame alignment. Can be: left (default), right, center, or none. --> }} {{clear}} {{Panorama|image=File:Panoramique mont Everest.jpg|height=300|width=|alt=|caption=This is an example of an example.|align=center}} EXAMPLE NOT DISPLAYED TO REDUCE LOADING TIME. {{Wide image}} − Use this if you want to specify the image's WIDTH {{clear}} {{Wide image|Panoramique mont Everest.jpg|1280px|3=This is an example of an example.|4=100%|align=center|alt=}} EXAMPLE NOT DISPLAYED TO REDUCE LOADING TIME.

• {{Scalable image}}

Code (Displaying)

{{tl}}=Template Link, {{tlx}} and {{para}}

{{tl}} and {{tlx}} - Displaying templates The {{tlx}} template is just like {{tl}} except {{tlx}} allows for arguments. {{para}} - Displaying template parameters Wiki source Rendered result {{tlx|Location map|arg1|arg2}} {{Location map|arg1|arg2}} {{tlx|Location map|param1{{=}}arg1|arg2}} {{Location map|param1=arg1|arg2}} {{tl|Location map}} {{Location map}} {{para|height}} |height= {{para|height|80}} |height=80 {{tlx|Location map|arg1{{para|param2|arg2}}}} {{Location map|arg1|param2=arg2}} {{tlx|Location map|arg1{{para|param2|arg2}}}} {{Location map|arg1|param2=arg2}}

A single space in front of a line displays the line as code.

Example: Line displayed as code because of a single space
Example: _<------ _ indicates where the single space is. This line has no space so is displayed as normal. --> code_here <nowiki />{|class="wikitable sortable" !Name and surname!!Height displays _<------ _ indicates where the single space is. This line has no space so is displayed as normal. --> code_here {|class="wikitable sortable"	Name and surname	Height

{{code}} and {{nowiki}}
<code><nowiki>CODE</nowiki></code> <code>CODE</code> <nowiki>CODE</nowiki> <pre>CODE</pre>

---

Source code and result side by side
Wiki source Rendered result <code><nowiki>CODE</nowiki></code> CODE <code>CODE</code> CODE <nowiki>CODE</nowiki> CODE <pre>CODE</pre> CODE

syntaxhighlight

---

Main: MediaWiki:Extension:SyntaxHighlight

For examples, see Wiki source code of: Help:Table

<syntaxhighlight lang="html" style="overflow:auto;" highlight="1,3-4">

Can also use: <syntaxhighlight lang="bash/C/C++/css/html/java/javascript/matlab/moin/python/R/text/tid/xml" highlight="1,3-4"> <syntaxhighlight lang="css" highlight="1,1-2" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Panorama|image=File:Example.jpg|height=300}} </syntaxhighlight> {{Panorama|image=File:Example.jpg|height=300}} Option: lang="assembly/awk/bash/C/C++/css/cython/html/java/javascript/mathematica/matlab/moin/php/python/perl 5/ruby/R/text/tid/xml"      Example: <syntaxhighlight lang="css"> Language list at: MediaWiki:Extension:SyntaxHighlight#Supported languages Use moin or "html+handlebars" or css for Wiki markup because "Pygments does not yet provide a "wikitext" or "mediawiki" lexer". Option: inline      Example: <syntaxhighlight lang="css" inline> Option: highlight="1,3-4,other-line-#s"      Example: <syntaxhighlight lang="css" highlight="1,3-4"> Option: style="white-space: pre-wrap;"      Example: <syntaxhighlight lang="css" style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> Option: style="display: inline-block;"      Example: <syntaxhighlight lang="css" style="display: inline-block;"> Wiki source Rendered result <syntaxhighlight lang="html" highlight="1" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Panorama |image=File:Example.jpg <!-- Must start with "File:" --> |height=300 <!-- In pixels, no units e.g. 300px is wrong. --> }} </syntaxhighlight> {{Panorama |image=File:Example.jpg <!-- Must start with "File:" --> |height=300 <!-- In pixels, no units e.g. 300px is wrong. --> }} <syntaxhighlight lang="text" style="overflow:auto;" highlight="1,4-5,7"> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+ Table_Title |- ! scope="col" | Alphabetic ! scope="col" | Numeric ! scope="col" | Date ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Unsortable |- | d || 20 || 2008-11-24 || This column |- | a || 6 || 1979-07-23 || cannot be sorted. |} </syntaxhighlight> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+ Table_Title |- ! scope="col" | Alphabetic ! scope="col" | Numeric ! scope="col" | Date ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Unsortable |- | d || 20 || 2008-11-24 || This column |- | a || 6 || 1979-07-23 || cannot be sorted. |} With     inline:     <syntaxhighlight lang="text" inline>CODE</syntaxhighlight> CODE Without inline:    <syntaxhighlight lang="text">CODE</syntaxhighlight> CODE Line numbers Show line numbers with line e.g.: <syntaxhighlight lang=tid line highlight="14"> From: Help:Sorting#Specifying a sort key for a cell Wiki source Rendered result WITH line {|class="wikitable sortable" !Name and surname!!Rank |- |data-sort-value="Smith, John"|John Smith||data-sort-value="16"|[[Corporal]] |- |data-sort-value="Ray, Ian"|Ian Ray||data-sort-value="8"|[[Captain (OF-2)]] |} WITH line i.e. <syntaxhighlight lang=tid highlight="0"> is used <syntaxhighlight lang=tid line highlight="0"> {|class="wikitable sortable" !Name and surname!!Rank |- |data-sort-value="Smith, John"|John Smith||data-sort-value="16"|[[Corporal]] |- |data-sort-value="Ray, Ian"|Ian Ray||data-sort-value="8"|[[Captain (OF-2)]] |} </syntaxhighlight> WithOUT line {|class="wikitable sortable" !Name and surname!!Rank |- |data-sort-value="Smith, John"|John Smith||data-sort-value="16"|[[Corporal]] |- |data-sort-value="Ray, Ian"|Ian Ray||data-sort-value="8"|[[Captain (OF-2)]] |} WithOUT line i.e. <syntaxhighlight lang=tid highlight="0"> is used

• Misc: Over the edit box, there is a "Syntax highlighting" button (its icon is a marker angled at 45 degrees and it is to the left of "> Advanced > Special characters > Help > Cite"). It is a very helpful feature that is not on by default.

Maps

• Wikipedia:Maps for Wikipedia

• {{Graph:Map}} - Clickable and colorable world map that highlights countries that your mouse hovers over.
  • See here for an example that uses {{Graph:Map}} in combination with the {{infobox}}, {{legend}}, {{flagu}}, and {{columns-list}} templates.

• {{OSM Location map}} - Uses OpenStreetView
  • Example: Siege of Saguntum#Aftermath

• {{Location map many}} - Map allowing multiple labels
  • {{Location map}} - Only allows 1 label.
    • Example: Example where a user may select any one of multiple maps.

• Examples: User:Rr016 has many examples of high quality maps.

• {{legend}} - {{legend|OliveDrab|[[Lists of colors]]}} {{legend|#f1f580|[[Template:Color chart X11]]}} produces
    Lists of colors
    Template:Color chart X11

• Wikimedia:Category:Map pointers

pushpin maps

Using {{Location map}} Suwałki The Suwałki Gap is named after the city of Suwałki Suwałki Suwałki (Podlaskie Voivodeship) Suwałki Suwałki (Baltic Sea) Suwałki Suwałki (Europe) Suwałki Suwałki (European Russia) Suwałki Suwałki (NATO) Suwałki Suwałki (European Union) {{stack begin}} <div style="background:white; border:1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding:2px; align:center; text-align:left; width:260; position:relative;"> {{Location map|Poland#Podlaskie Voivodeship#Baltic Sea#Europe#European Russia#NATO#European Union |relief = Yes |width = 260 |default_width = |float = |caption = The [[Suwałki Gap]] is named after the city of [[Suwałki]] |alt = The city of Suwałki |label = Suwałki |link = Suwałki |position = |mark = Blue_pog.svg |marksize = 6 |coordinates = {{coord|54|05|56|N|22|55|43|E|region:PL_type:city|display=inline,title}} |border = infobox |background = }} </div> {{stack end}} For {{Infobox settlement}} | coordinates = {{coord|54|20|51|N|18|38|43|E|region:PL|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_relief = Yes | pushpin_label = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map = Poland#Pomeranian Voivodeship#Europe#Baltic Sea | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_mapsize = <!-- In pixels without px (Ex: write 300, not 300px) --> | pushpin_mark = | pushpin_mark_width = | pushpin_overlay = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = <!-- References --> coordinates = {{coord|1|2|N|4|5|E|region:CountryCode|display=inline,title}} − Necessary for the pushpin map to display. pushpin_relief Template:Location map#Relief parameter − "Any non-blank value (1, yes, etc.) will cause the template to display the map specified in the map definition template as image1, which is usually a relief map; see the example at Template:Location map+/relief." pushpin_label − "The text of the label to display next to the identifying mark; a wikilink can be used. You can enclose the label inside of {{nowrap}} if you want to make sure that it stays on a single line. The default (if not specified) is no label, just the marker." pushpin_label_position − "The position of the label relative to the identifying mark; valid values are left, right, top, bottom and none. This defaults to either left or right, depending on the coordinates of the marker and its position relative to the right border of the map image. When |position=none, any defined label will not be displayed with the mark, but it will be used to create the default caption." pushpin_overlay − "Can be used to specify an image to be superimposed on the regular pushpin map. Equivalent to overlay_image parameter in Template:Location map." coor_pinpoint − "If needed, to specify more exactly where (or what) coordinates are given (e.g. Town Hall) or a specific place in a larger area (e.g. a city in a county). Example: In the article Masovian Voivodeship, coor_pinpoint=Warsaw specifies Warsaw." coordinates_footnotes − "Reference(s) for coordinates, placed within <ref> </ref> tags, possibly using the citing format at {{Cite web}}"

Links and anchors

Wiktionary & Linking between Wikis

Main page: Help:Interwiki linking § Project codes

wiktionary:page or wikt:page

• [[wiktionary:page|page]] and [[wikt:page|page]] both display: page and page with out the prefix.

Links to Wikimedia Commons

{{Commons category inline}} generates a link to the corresponding Commons category.

• Place in the "External links" section of the article.

Ex: * {{Commons category inline}} in the article "ArticleName" produces:

• Media related to ArticleName at Wikimedia Commons

Links to category pages; renaming links

[[:Category:Sodium|Sodium]]   produces:  Sodium

{{See also|:Category:Sodium compounds|l1=Sodium compounds}}

Adding categories

• To make "Category:Isotopes of sodium" a subcategory of "Category:Sodium", edit the category page "Category:Isotopes of sodium" and add the code "[[Category:Sodium]]" as you normally would with an article.
• Add this [[Category:People|Einstein, Albert]] "to add an article called Albert Einstein to the category "People" and have the article sorted by "Einstein, Albert""

Annotated links

{{Annotated link}}
Ex: {{annotated link|Article-Name|Text to display instead of Article-Name}} the second parameter is useful e.g. so "Braarudosphaera bigelowii" is display instead of ""Braarudosphaera bigelowii" {{annotated link| {{annotated link|Topological vector space}} EX: Topological vector space – Vector space with a notion of nearness

{{visible anchor|Displayed Anchor Name|name2}}

{{visible anchor|name1|name2|text=Displayed Text}}

• DISADVANTAGE: Using |text= prevents "Displayed Text" from being highlighted by a back.

{{anchor}} and {{visible anchor|text}}
{{anchor|name1|name2}} Add the {{anchor}} to line ABOVE section title: == Section title ==

Misc

See also: Help:Magic words

CSS Text shadows

• {{Audio|filename.ogg|pronunciation}} - Ex: {{Audio|en-us-gymnosperm.ogg|pronunciation|help=no}} produces: pronunciation^ⓘ as in the article Gymnosperm.

---

Page titles/Page names {{tl|short description}}

Main pages: Wikipedia:Short description and WP:HOWTOSD {{short description}} {{short description|No A/The, <=40 chars long, and no period}} Taken from: WP:SDNOTDEF: be short – no more than about 40 characters (but this can be slightly exceeded if necessary) be written in plain text – without HTML tags or Wiki markup Start with a capital letter avoid initial articles (A, An, The) unless essential to the meaning no period.

Page titles/Page names {{DISPLAYTITLE:''example'' title}} and {{lowercase title}} and {{italic title}}

Place BELOW {{Short description}} at the top of the page's source. {{DISPLAYTITLE:''examPle'' Ti''t''le}} - Custom title. {{lowercase title}} - Lowercase first letter of the page's title. {{lowercase title|italic=yes}} Lowercase first letter of the page's title and make page's title italics except for anything in brackets. Use force to force entire title to be italics. {{italic title}} - Content in brackets are NOT italicized. Use |all=yes to make the entire title italics.

Horizontal lines {{hr}} and {{dividing line}}
{{dividing line}} - For rendering lines where the code ---- doesn't work. {{dividing line}} {{hr}} - Horizontal line/rule {{hr}} {{hr|3}} {{hr|5}} {{anchor|Anchor name goes here}}