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Pneumolysin is a putative virulence factor of the gram positive bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae.[1]
It is a 53 kDa pore forming toxin composed of 471 amino acids.[2] It has a range of biological activities including the ability to lyse[3] and interfere with the function of cells and soluble molecules of the immune system[4].
Secreted pneumolysin will aid the bacteria during colonization, by facilitating adherence to the host[5], during invasion by damaging host cells[6], and during infection by interfering with the host immune response[7] .
The presence of pneumolys in sputum[8], urine[9], CSF[10] and blood[11] can be indicative of an S. pneumoniae infection.
References edit
- ^ Rossjohn, J.; Gilbert, R. J.; Crane, D.; Morgan, P. J.; Mitchell, T. J.; Rowe, A. J.; Andrew, P. W.; Paton, J. C.; Tweten, R. K.; Parker, M. W. (1998 Nov 27). "The molecular mechanism of pneumolysin, a virulence factor from Streptococcus pneumoniae". Journal of Molecular Biology. 284 (2): 449–61. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1998.2167. PMID 9813129.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Marriott, H. M.; Mitchell, T. J.; Dockrell, D. H. (2008 Sep). "Pneumolysin: a double-edged sword during the host-pathogen interaction". Current Molecular Medicine. 8 (6): 497–509. doi:10.2174/156652408785747924. PMID 18781957.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Baba, H.; Kawamura, I.; Kohda, C.; Nomura, T.; Ito, Y.; Kimoto, T.; Watanabe, I.; Ichiyama, S.; Mitsuyama, M. (2001 Feb 16). "Essential role of domain 4 of pneumolysin from Streptococcus pneumoniae in cytolytic activity as determined by truncated proteins". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 281 (1): 37–44. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.4297. PMID 11178957.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Hirst, R. A.; Kadioglu, A.; O'Callaghan, C.; Andrew, P. W. (2004 Nov). "The role of pneumolysin in pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis". Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 138 (2): 195–201. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02611.x. PMC 1809205. PMID 15498026.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Rubins, JB (1998 Dec). "Pneumolysin in pneumococcal adherence and colonization". Microbial Pathogenesis. 25 (6): 337–42. doi:10.1006/mpat.1998.0239. PMID 9895272.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Rubins, J. B.; Janoff, E. N. (1998 Jan). "Pneumolysin: a multifunctional pneumococcal virulence factor". The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. 131 (1): 21–7. doi:10.1016/s0022-2143(98)90073-7. PMID 9452123.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Cockeran, R.; Anderson, R.; Feldman, C. (2002 Jun). "The role of pneumolysin in the pathogenesis of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection". Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 15 (3): 235–9. doi:10.1097/00001432-200206000-00004. PMID 12015456.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Wheeler, J.; Freeman, R.; Steward, M.; Henderson, K.; Lee MJS; Piggott, N. H.; Eltringham GJA; Galloway, A. (1999 Sep). "Detection of pneumolysin in sputum". Journal of Medical Microbiology. 48 (9): 863–6. doi:10.1099/00222615-48-9-863. PMID 10482298.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Rajalakshmi, B.; Kanungo, R.; Srinivasan, S.; Badrinath, S. (2002 Oct-Dec). "Pneumolysin in urine: a rapid antigen detection method to diagnose pneumococcal pneumonia in children". Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology. 20 (4): 183–6. doi:10.1016/S0255-0857(21)03186-8. PMID 17657067.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Matos Jde, A.; Madureira, D. J.; Rebelo, M. C.; Hofer, C. B.; Barroso, D. E. (2006 Aug). "Diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the gene for pneumolysin". Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 101 (5): 559–63. doi:10.1590/s0074-02762006000500014. PMID 17072463.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Lahti, E.; Mertsola, J.; Kontiokari, T.; Eerola, E.; Ruuskanen, O.; Jalava, J. (2006 Dec). "Pneumolysin polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia and empyema in children". European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology. 25 (12): 783–9. doi:10.1007/s10096-006-0225-9. PMID 17089094.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)
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