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User:Mateussf/Impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic on education in Brazil

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The impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic on education in Brazil involves public municipal, state and federal schools, as well as private schools and Higher Education public and private institutions.

Abstract edit

Because the president and federal government failed to act appropriately regarding the pandemic and had, as of 18 March, not decided to cancel classes in the whole country, lower instances of government had to act autonomously. This way, state schools, municipal schools, private institutions and universities acted differently regarding suspending classes at once, gradually or not at all, and between replacing classes with distance education or simply postponing them. States such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Pernambuco have cancelled classes in state schools, but some municipal schools continue having classes normally even in those states.[1][2][3]

On March 13, São Paulo state public schools announced that classes would be cancelled gradually, so that parents had time to come up with solutions that didn't involve letting the kids be with their grandparents. Classes will be indefinitely cancelled starting on March 23.[2]

In Higher Education, Unicamp was the first university of the country to cancel all classes, stating on 13 March. Initially, classes were cancelled until 31 March, but later the university extended the suspension until 12 April.[4]

On 11 March, one student of USP was confirmed with the disease, leading one department to cancel classes for a single day,[5] and it wasn't until 17 March that the whole university cancelled classes.[6] Many universities across the country cancelled classes, such as UFV (since 16 March)[7] and UNILA (since 17 March), but others remain open.[8]

Regarding the food safety of students, some municipal and state schools announced "food kits" for weekly pickup such as in Recife[9] or that some selected schools would remain open for students to have lunch, such as in Espírito Santo.[10]

UNESCO lists Brazil as having "localized" (as opposed to "national") school closures since 13 March, regarding pre-primary, primary, lower-secondary, upper-secondary and tertiary education levels.[11]

Impact edit

Education edit

Because the president and federal government failed to act appropriately regarding the pandemic and had, as of 18 March, not decided to cancel classes in the whole country, lower instances of government had to act autonomously. This way, state schools, municipal schools, private institutions and universities acted differently regarding suspending classes at once, gradually or not at all, and between replacing classes with distance education or simply postponing them. States such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Pernambuco have cancelled classes in state schools, but some municipal schools continue having classes normally even in those states.[1][2][3]

On March 13, São Paulo state public schools announced that classes would be cancelled gradually, so that parents had time to come up with solutions that didn't involve letting the kids be with their grandparents. Classes will be indefinitely cancelled starting on March 23.[2]

In Higher Education, Unicamp was the first university of the country to cancel all classes, stating on 13 March. Initially, classes were cancelled until 31 March, but later the university extended the suspension until 12 April.[4]

On 11 March, one student of USP was confirmed with the disease, leading one department to cancel classes for a single day,[5] and it wasn't until 17 March that the whole university cancelled classes.[6] Many universities across the country cancelled classes, such as UFV (since 16 March)[7] and UNILA (since 17 March), but others remain open.[8]

Regarding the food safety of students, some municipal and state schools announced "food kits" for weekly pickup such as in Recife[9] or that some selected schools would remain open for students to have lunch, such as in Espírito Santo.[10]

Most universities had cancelled events and international travel before cancelling classes. Some universities and state schools had cancelled classes only temporarily, with a set date to return (such as USP's Geography Department, that initially cancelled classes for only one day) while others only acted after the first confirmed case of the disease in the university student body or personnel.

As of 14 March, some schools had closed down, some indefinetely and others with an announced return date.[12] (bad source)

Each region will be discussed separately, regarding schools, universities and other relevant aspects.

Southeast Region, Brazil edit

On March 13, São Paulo state public schools announced that classes would be cancelled gradually, so that parents had time to come up with solutions that didn't involve letting the kids be with their grandparents. From the 16th to the 20th, students would not be penalized for being absent, and there would be meetings with parents and guardians in small groups with orientations on what to do during the pandemic. Classes will be indefinitely cancelled starting on March 23.[2] Some private schools also announced classes being cancelled, starting on different days.[2] The government announced that classes might happen via the internet.[2]

Minas Gerais state initially cancelled classes for public schools between 18 and 22 March, effectively cancelling school for only three days.[13] On 18 March, the state governor announced that classes in the region of the state capital Belo Horizonte were cancelled indefinitely, because there was confirmed community transmission in the region, but the rest of the state would continue having classes normally until further notice.[14]

In Rio de Janeiro state, state schools cancelled classes for 15 days, starting on 16 March, while municipal schools of Rio de Janeiro city stopped for at least a week. Private schools stopped for 15 days, according to the Private School Union. The Rio de Janeiro city Secretary of Education said they would use distance education via the internet for kids at home.[15] In other cities, municipal schools also stopped, while in the Belford Roxo city classes would continue normally as of 13 March. In Queimados city, municipal daycares also closed.[1] As of 13 March, kids would be allowed to have lunch at municipal schools in Rio de Janeiro, as they normally would.[15]

In Espírito Santo, state schools would cancel classes starting on 17 March, but schools would remain open until 20 March to inform students and families about the pandemic. Some schools would remain open for lunch.[10] The state government announced it was in communication with municipal and private schools for them to close as well.[16]

HIgher education edit

In Higher Education, Unicamp was the first university of the country to cancel all classes, stating on 13 March. Initially, classes were cancelled until 31 March, but later the university extended the suspension until 12 April.[4]

On 11 March, a Geography student of USP was confirmed with the disease, leading the department to cancel classes for a single day,[5] and it wasn't until 17 March that the whole university cancelled classes.[6] Among other public universities of São Paulo state Ufscar and UNESP also announced classes being cancelled.[12]

For federal universities located in Minas Gerais, UFV cancelled classes starting on 16 March,[7] while UFMG cancelled classes indefinitely starting on 18 March.[17] Private university PUC Minas cancelled classes between 16 and 31 March, as well as closing its museum.[18]

Northeast Region, Brazil edit

In Alagoas, state schools cancelled classes for two weeks, starting on March 23. The state capital, Maceió, as well as other cities in the state cancelled classes in municipal schools. Students will be able to pick up food from the school at set times. Schools will be open until March 20 to orient parents and guardians.[19][20]

The governor of Bahia announced state and private schools will be closed for 30 days, starting on March 20.[21] The state capital, Salvador also cancelled classes in municipal and private schools, starting on 18 March.[22]

The Ceará government cancelled classes in public schools for 15 days, starting on 18 March.[23] Fortaleza city, the state capital, announced that municipal schools will close for 15 days, starting on 19 March, and it's studying how to securely provide food for students.[24]

Maranhão cancelled classes in state schools, starting on 17 March, for a period of 15 days.[25] The state capital cancelled classes in municipal schools starting on the 18th.[26]

In Paraíba, the government changed the calendar of state schools so that vacations would happen between 19 March and 18 April, effectively cancelling classes. It also announced municipal and private schools should also cancel classes.[3] João Pessoa, Paraíba, the state capital, closed all its regular schools, but kept open daycares and integral education schools (in which students stay morning and afternoon in the school).[27]

The government of Pernambuco closed all schools in the state, both public and private, starting on 18 March, with no set date of return.[28][23] Municipal schools of Recife, capital of the state, also cancelled classes stating on 18 March.[9] Regarding the food security of students, some cities announced the distribution of food. In Recife, parents can pick up "food kits" once a week.[9]

The state schools of Piauí cancelled classes starting on 17 March for a period of 15 days.[29] The state capital, Teresina, cancelled classes in municipal schools starting on 19 March, and over 180 other cities in the state announced similar measures.[30]

The governor of Rio Grande do Norte cancelled schools of state, municipal and private schools of the entire state, starting on 18 March, for a period of 15 days. The mayor of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte's capital, announced a similar measure.[31]

In Sergipe, classes were cancelled in state and private schools starting on 17 March, for 15 days.[32][33] In the capital Aracaju classes were cancelled for 15 days, according to municipal decree nº 6097.[citation needed]

Higher education edit

In Pernambuco state, several universities cancelled classes from 16 March until 31 March. Among them, UFPE, UFRP, UPE, Univasp, Unicap, Ufape and IFPE. Among private higher educational institutions, some cancelled classes starting on the 16th, while another on the 18th; some until 31 March, some indefinitely.[9]

In Salvador, the capital of Bahia, the city prohibited universities from opening, and when private university opened for enrollment, it was indicted by the city.[34]

South Region, Brazil edit

Santa Catarina state cancelled all classes in state, municipal and private schools, starting on 19 March. Students would not be penalized from missing school on the 17th and 18th.[35] The capital Florianópolis cancelled classes starting on the 17th.[36]

Rio Grande do Sul state cancelled all classes in state schools starting on 19 March, for a period of 15 days. There's supposed to be "programmed classes" for students to learn from a distance.[37] Porto Alegre cancelled classes for three weeks, starting on 18 March. Initially, preschools (educação infantil) would remain open,[38] but then the city prefecture announced they would also close, starting on 23 March.[39]

Paraná state cancelled classes in public and private schools, starting on 20 Monday.[40] In the state capital Curitiba classes in municipal schools were optional from 16 to 20 March, and cancelled for all from 23 March onward, until 12 April.[41]

Higher education edit

Federal university UNILA cancelled classes starting on 17 March.[8]

North Region, Brazil edit 

Amazonas
Acre
Amapá
Rondônia
Roraima
Pará
Tocantins
Higher education edit

The vice-dean of federal university UFAM was confirmed as having Covid-19 on 17 March, after returning from infected area São Paulo.[42]

Center-West Region, Brazil edit 

Mato Grosso
Mato Grosso do Sul
Goiás
Distrito Federal
Higher education edit

On 11 March, Federal District's governor determined suspension of classes for five days on every school and university of the district. On the following day, the Universidade de Brasília decided to suspend classes for those five days,[43] and later until 31 March.[44]


References edit

  1. ^ a b c Edimilson Ávila (2020-03-13). "Escolas públicas e particulares do RJ não terão aulas a partir de segunda-feira" (in Portuguese). G1 Rio de Janeiro.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Coronavírus: escolas estaduais de SP têm menos de 5% de presença e municipais, 30% nesta terça" (in Portuguese). G1 São Paulo. 2020-03-17.
  3. ^ a b c "Governo da PB suspende aulas na rede estadual e recomenda cancelamento de eventos por 90 dias" (in Portuguese). G1 Pernambuco. 2020-03-17.
  4. ^ a b c "Coronavírus: Novo Comunicado. Reitor destaca regras para funcionamento da Universidade" (in Portuguese). Unicamp. 2020-03-16.
  5. ^ a b c Giovanna Galvani (2020-03-11). "USP confirma primeiro caso de coronavírus e cancela aulas em departamento" (in Portuguese). Carta Capital.
  6. ^ a b c "Coronavírus: USP e Unesp suspenderão as aulas a partir do dia 17 de março" (in Portuguese). UOL. 2020-03-13.
  7. ^ a b c "UFV decide suspender atividades acadêmicas por tempo indeterminado" (in Portuguese). Universidade Federal de Viçosa. 2020-03-14.
  8. ^ a b c "Coronavírus: UNILA suspende aulas e implementa expediente administrativo especial" (in Portuguese). Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana. 2020-03-16.
  9. ^ a b c d e Diogo Menezes Katarina Moraes; Diogo Menezes Katarina Moraes (2020-03-15). "Universidades de Pernambuco confirmam suspensão de aulas a partir de segunda (16)" (in Portuguese). Jornal do Commercio.
  10. ^ a b c "Coronavírus: Governo do ES suspende aulas e antecipa férias" (in Portuguese). G1 Espírito Santo. 2020-03-16.
  11. ^ "COVID-19 Educational Disruption and Response". UNESCO. Retrieved 2020-03-20.
  12. ^ a b "Confira escolas e faculdades que cancelaram as aulas devido ao coronavírus" (in Portuguese). Folha de S. Paulo. 2020-03-12.
  13. ^ Gabriel Ronan (2020-03-15). "Coronavírus: governo de Minas suspende aulas na rede estadual" (in Portuguese). Estado de Minas Gerais.
  14. ^ "Rede estadual tem calendário de aulas alterado como medida preventiva contra o coronavírus" (in Portuguese). Agência Minas. 2020-03-18.
  15. ^ a b Márcia Pimentel (2020-03-13). "Coronavírus: fique por dentro das recomendações para a comunidade escolar" (in Portuguese). MultiRio.
  16. ^ "Governador anuncia suspensão das aulas da Rede Estadual a partir desta terça (17)" (in Portuguese). Espírito Santo government. 2020-03-16.
  17. ^ Tacyana Arce (2020-03-16). "UFMG anuncia suspensão das aulas presenciais a partir de quarta-feira, 18" (in Portuguese). Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.
  18. ^ Patrícia Santos Dumont (2020-03-15). "Universidade Federal de Viçosa e PUC Minas suspendem aulas para evitar contágio por coronavírus" (in Portuguese). Hoje em Dia.
  19. ^ "Escolas estaduais de Alagoas e municipais de Maceió suspendem aulas por 15 dias, mas mantêm merenda aos alunos" (in Portuguese). G1 AL. 2020-03-17.
  20. ^ Severino Carvalho (2020-03-18). "Governo suspende aulas na rede estadual e amplia ações para conter coronavírus" (in Portuguese). Alagoas government.
  21. ^ "Rui anuncia fechamento das escolas em todo o estado" (in Portuguese). Bahia government. 2020-03-18.
  22. ^ "Prefeitura anuncia suspensão das aulas e outras medidas contra coronavírus" (in Portuguese). Salvador prefecture. 2020-03-17.
  23. ^ a b "Governo do Ceará pede fim de voos internacionais, suspende aulas e proíbe visitas em presídios" (in Portuguese). FolhaPE. 2020-03-16. Cite error: The named reference "folhape16" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  24. ^ "Prefeitura e Governo do Estado anunciam ações de enfrentamento ao coronavírus" (in Portuguese). Fortaleza prefecture. 2020-03-17.
  25. ^ "Seduc emite portaria com diretrizes a serem adotadas durante período de suspensão das aulas na rede estadual" (in Portuguese). Maranhão government. 2020-03-17.
  26. ^ Rafaelle Fróes (2020-03-17). "Prefeitura de São Luís suspende por 15 dias as aulas da rede municipal" (in Portuguese). G1 MA.
  27. ^ "Prefeitura suspende aulas em João Pessoa, mas mantém merenda de creches e escolas integrais" (in Portuguese). G1 PB. 2020-03-17.
  28. ^ "Governo de Pernambuco anuncia medidas mais rigorosas de combate à Covid-19" (in Portuguese). Pernambuco government. 2020-03-17.
  29. ^ Marcos Teixeira; TV Clube; Lucas Marreiros; Andrê Nascimento; Laura Moura (2020-03-16). "Governo do Piauí suspende aulas na rede estadual e aglomeração de pessoas devido ao coronavírus" (in Portuguese). G1 PI.
  30. ^ "Mais de 180 municípios do Piauí adotam medidas de prevenção ao coronavírus e suspendem aulas" (in Portuguese). G1 PI. 2020-03-19.
  31. ^ "Governo do RN suspende aulas nas escolas públicas e privadas por causa do coronavírus" (in Portuguese). G1 RN. 2020-03-17.
  32. ^ "Governo de Sergipe suspende aulas em escolas, universidades e faculdades nas redes pública e privada". G1 SE. 2020-03-16.
  33. ^ "Educação emite portaria com diretrizes a serem adotadas durante período de suspensão das aulas na rede estadual" (in Portuguese). Sergipe government. 2020-03-18.
  34. ^ "Universidade é interditada após abrir portas e contrariar decreto da prefeitura de Salvador" (in Portuguese). G1 BA. 2020-03-18.
  35. ^ Sicilia Vechi (2020-03-16). "Governo do Estado determina suspensão das aulas nas redes estadual, municipal e particular de Santa Catarina" (in Portuguese). Santa Catarina governon.
  36. ^ "Prefeitura de Florianópolis suspende aulas no município" (in Portuguese). Sindicato dos Professores das Universidades Federais de Santa Catarina. 2020-03-16.
  37. ^ "Professores da rede estadual do RS vão trabalhar de casa durante suspensão das aulas por causa do coronavírus" (in Portuguese). G1 RS. 2020-03-18.
  38. ^ "Prefeitura suspende aulas nas redes pública e particular de Porto Alegre a partir de quarta por causa do coronavírus" (in Portuguese). G1 RS. 2020-03-16.
  39. ^ "Prefeitura suspende aulas da educação infantil de Porto Alegre a partir de segunda por causa do coronavírus" (in Portuguese). G1 RS. 2020-03-17. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  40. ^ Maria Eduarda Lass (2020-03-16). "Paraná decreta suspensão de aulas e cancelamento de eventos com mais de 50 pessoas" (in Portuguese). Gazeta do Povo.
  41. ^ "Escolas e creches municipais fecham a partir de segunda (23/3)" (in Portuguese). Curitiba prefecture. 2020-03-20.
  42. ^ "Coronavírus: Ufam confirma teste positivo para vice-reitor da instituição do Amazonas" (in Portuguese). G1 Amazonas. 2020-03-17.
  43. ^ Flávia Said (2020-03-12). "Após ignorar decreto de governador, UnB volta atrás e suspende as aulas" (in Portuguese). UOL - Congresso em Foco.
  44. ^ "Prorrogação do período de suspensão das atividades presenciais" (in Portuguese). Universidade de Brasília. 2020-03-14.
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