Chemistry Project
Outline
Monomers edit
Olefins edit
- Presence of an electron-donating group
- Example: isobutylene
Heterocyclic monomers edit
- Ring strain
- Examples: lactones, lactams, cyclic amines, and cyclic ethers
Solvents edit
- Gegen ion effects
- Polar versus nonpolar solvents
Synthesis edit
Initiation edit
Classical protonic acids/acid surfaces edit
- Nucleophilicity of the anion
- Examples: perchloric, sulfuric, and phosphoric acids
Lewis acids/Friedel-Crafts catalysts edit
- Examples of Lewis acids: metal halides and their organometallic derivatives
- Cocatalyst for Lewis acids
- Examples: water, hydrogen halides, and alcohols
Carbenium ion salts edit
- Direct addition
- Hydride extraction
- Electron transfer
Propagation edit
- Counterion effect on rate of propagation
- Counterion position in reaction
- Useful temperature (170-190 K)
Termination edit
Unimolecular rearrangement edit
- Catalyst-cocatalyst complex regenerated
- Termination of the kinetic chain
Bimolecular transfer reactions edit
- Monomer-initiator complex regenerated
- No termination of the kinetic chain
Living Polymerization edit
- Link to living cationic polymerization Wiki page: Living cationic polymerization
Kinetics edit
- Steady-state conditions
Commercial Applications edit
- Examples: tackifiers, adhesives, sealants, moisture barriers, tubing