Flood Geology changes:
Proposed mechanisms of flood geology edit
George McCready Price attempted to fit a great deal of earth's geological history into a model based on a few accounts from the Bible. Price's simple model was used by Whitcomb and Morris initially but they did not build on the model in the 60's and 70's.[1] However, a rough sketch of a creationist model could be constructed from creationist publications and debate material.[2] Recent creationist efforts attempt to build complex models that incorporate as much scientific evidence as possible into the Biblical narrative. Some scientific evidence used for these models was formerly rejected by creationists. These models attempt to explain continental movements in a short time frame, the order of the fossil record, and the Pleistocene ice age.[3]
Runaway subduction edit
In the 60's and 70's a simple creationist model proposed that, "The Flood split the land mass into the present continents."[2] Steve Austin and other creationists proposed a preliminary model of catastrophic plate tectonics (CPT) in 1994.[4] Their work built on earlier papers by John Baumgardner and Russell Humphreys in 1986.[5][6] Baumgardner proposed a model of mantel convection that allows for runaway subduction and Humphrey associated mantle convection with rapid magnetic reversals in earth history. Baumgardner's proposal holds that the rapid plunge of former oceanic plates into the mantle (caused by an unknown trigger-mechanism) increased local mantle pressures to the point that its viscosity dropped several magnitudes according to known properties of mantle silicates. Once initiated, sinking plates caused the spread of low viscosity throughout the mantle resulting in runaway mantle-convection and catastrophic tectonic motion which dragged continents across the surface of the earth. Once the former ocean plates, which are thought to be denser than the mantle, reached the bottom of the mantle an equilibrium resulted. Pressures dropped, viscosity increased, runaway mantle-convection stopped, leaving the surface of the earth rearranged. Proponents point to subducted slabs in the mantle which are still relatively cool, which they regard as evidence that they have not been there for millions of years which would result in temperature equilibration.[7]
Given that plate tectonics accounts for much of the geomorphic features of continents and oceans, it is natural that creationists would seek to develop a high speed version of the same process. CPT explains many geological features, provides mechanisms for the Biblical flood, and minimizes appeals to miracles.[8]
Some prominent creationists (Froede, Oard, Read) oppose CPT for various technical reasons. One main objection is that the model assumes the super continent Pangaea was in tact at the initiation of the year long flood. The CPT process then tore Pangaea apart creating the current configuration of the continents. But the breakup of Pangaea started early in the Mesozoic, meaning that CPT only accounts for part of the entire Phanerozoic geological record. CPT in this form only explains part of the geological column that flood geology normally explains. Modifying the CPT model to account for the entire Phanerozoic including multiple Wilson Cycles would complicate the model considerably.[9]
Other objections raised by creationists include the amount of heat produced for the rapid plate movements, and the fact that the cooling of hot oceanic plates and the raising of continental plates would take a great deal of time and require multiple small scale catastrophes after the flood ended. The original CPT proposal of Austin and others in 1994 was admittedly preliminary but the major issues have not been solved.[10]
Notes edit
- ^ Heaton 2008, p. 1342.
- ^ a b Awbrey 1980, p. 1.
- ^ Heaton 2008, p. 1341.
- ^ Austin et al. 1994.
- ^ Baumgardner 1986.
- ^ Humphreys 1986.
- ^ Baumgardner 2003.
- ^ Heaton 2008, p. 1348.
- ^ Heaton 2008, pp. 1348–1349.
- ^ Heaton 2008, pp. 1349–1350.
References edit
- Books
- Aune, David E. (2003). "Cosmology". Westminster Dictionary of the New Testament and Early Christian Literature. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664219178.
- Journals
- Awbrey, Frank (Summer 1980). "Yes, Virginia, There is a Creation Model". Creation/Evolution Journal. 1 (1). National Center for Science Education: 1. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
- Heaton, Timothy H. (2008). "Recent Developments in Young-Earth Creationist Geology". Science & Education. 18 (10). Springer Science+Business Media: 1341–1358. doi:10.1007/s11191-008-9162-6.
- Schadewald, Robert J. (Summer 1982). "Six Flood Arguments Creationists Can't Answer". Creation/Evolution Journal. 3 (3). National Center for Science Education: 12–17. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
- Schadewald, Robert (1986). "Scientific Creationism and Error". Creation/Evolution. 6 (1): 1–9. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
- Other
- Baumgardner, JR (1986). "Numerical Simulation of the Large-Scale Tectonic Changes Accompanying the Flood" (PDF). First International Conference on Creationism. Retrieved 2014-07-15.
- Baumgardner, JR (2003). "Catastrophic Plate Tectonics: The Physics Behind the Genesis Flood". Fifth International Conference on Creationism. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
- Humphreys, Russell (1986). "Reversals of the Earth's Magnetic Field During the Genesis Flood" (PDF). First International Conference on Creationism. Retrieved 2014-07-15.