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Desription
editThe Proscyllium family falls under the Order Carcharhiniformes[1]
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| Genus: | Proscyllium Hilgendorf, 1904
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Phylogeny
editProscyllium habereri
editAlso known as the Graceful catshark. It was first discovered by Hildendorf in 1901[1].
Proscyllium venustum
editThis species can be found in temperate reginions. It is distributed along the Northwest Pacific, primarily Japan. These sharks are oviparous, which means the lay eggs in pairs in which the embryos feed solely on yolk. This species is considered harmless to humans[2].
Proscyllium magnificum
editA newly discovered species within the Proscyllidae family, this species has little supporting research. It is tan in coloration with dark spots and blotches[3]. They body is considered slender and firm. this species grows to be at least 450 mm in length. They have been found in tropical waters throughout the eastern Indian Ocean off the coast of Myanmar[3].
Eridacnis radcliffei
editThe common name for this species is the pygmy ribbon tail catshark.[4] It is known to be one of the smallest sharks within its species, with a maximum length of approximately 257mm. It is distributed among the waters surrounding the Philippines, along with the Indo-West Pacific ocean. You will find them located near muddy bottoms of the continental shelves. It is not a species directly targeted by the fishing industry, however is negativiley impacted as by-catch by the shrimping industry due to shrimp being its primary food source. They are considered harmless to humans[5].
Eridacnis barbouri
editAlso known as the Cuban ribbonail catshark, this species can be found in deep water along the upper continental shelf. They are distributed throughout the western central Atlantic. Their primary food source is small fishes, crustaceans and cephalopods. Having two young per litter, ranging in size at birth to over 10cm, this species is ovoviviparous. This species is viewed as harmless to species[6].
Eridacnis sinuans
editCommonly referred to as the African ribbontail catshark, this species has been found to be grey-brown in color. They are distributed within the western Indian Ocean but confined to the South Africa, Mozambique and Tanzania, primarily found along the upper continental shelf in deep water. This species feeds on small bony fishes, crustaceans and cephalopods. Their ovoviviparous reproductive system alows them to have two young per litter between 15 and 17cm in length when born. This species is also considered harmless to humans[7].
Ctenacis fehlmanni
editAlso known as the Harlequin catshark, this finback has some unique characteristics that set it aside from the others. Their large mouth, small teeth and large pharynx with gillraker papillae make them unique among the Proscyllidae family. They are found in the tropical outer continental shelves of the western Indian Ocean off the coast of Somalia. They are oviparous, laying paired eggs oh which their embrys feed solely on yolk[8].
Distribution
editFound primarily along the continental shelves, these species are scatter throughout the world. The have been documented and seen primarily in the following countries: Japan[4], Myanmar[3], Philippines[5], South Africa, Mozambique, Tanzania[7], and Somalia[8].
Life Cycle
editReproduction
editWithin this family, the species are either oviparous or ovoviparous. Oviparous refers to many benthic sharks which lay their eggs on the seafloor and attach them to a substrate. The eggs which are layed have a hard and leathery shell surrounding them to serve as protection. The eggs feed solely on the yolk that is present within the casing[9]. Other species within this family are ovoviviparous. Ovoviviparous sharks give birth to live young[10].
Human Interactions
editThis family of small ground sharks is not targeted by humans for any fishing or food purposes. Although not endangered or threatened, these species are negativly impacted by fisheries as a result of by-catch. Primarily the shrimping industry has effected them the most[11].
Resources
edit- ^ a b Hedges, S. Blair; Kumar, Sudhir (2009-04-23). The Timetree of Life. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780191560156.
- ^ "Proscyllium venustum summary page". FishBase. Retrieved 2016-03-28.
- ^ a b c "Proscyllium magnificum summary page". FishBase. Retrieved 2016-03-28.
- ^ a b Akhilesh, K. V.; Bineesh, K. K.; White, W. T.; Pillai, N. G. K. (2012-08-01). "Aspects of the biology of the pygmy ribbontail catshark Eridacnis radcliffei (Proscylliidae: Carcharhiniformes) from the south-west coast of India". Journal of Fish Biology. 81 (3): 1138–1144. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03379.x. ISSN 1095-8649.
- ^ a b "Eridacnis radcliffei summary page". FishBase. Retrieved 2016-03-28.
- ^ "Eridacnis barbouri summary page". FishBase. Retrieved 2016-03-28.
- ^ a b "Eridacnis sinuans summary page". FishBase. Retrieved 2016-03-28.
- ^ a b "Ctenacis fehlmanni summary page". FishBase. Retrieved 2016-03-28.
- ^ Wourms, John P. (1977-05-01). "Reproduction and Development in Chondrichthyan Fishes". American Zoologist. 17 (2): 379–410. doi:10.1093/icb/17.2.379. ISSN 0003-1569.
- ^ Tompa, Alex S. (1979-08-01). "Oviparity, Egg Retention and Ovoviviparity in Pulmonates". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 45 (2): 155–160. ISSN 0260-1230.
- ^ "Search FishBase". www.fishbase.org. Retrieved 2016-03-28.