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User:MargaretRDonald/sandbox/Korean articles/Hwanghae Iron and Steel Works Democratic Uprising

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Hwanghae Iron and Steel Works Democratic Uprising


The Deepening Group Incident ( 심화조사건 ) refers to a large-scale purge campaign within the Democratic People's Republic of Korea which took place during the period of 1996 to 2000. Kim Jong-il used a purging strategy in an attempt to evade his responsibility for the Great Famine.[1] In this purge, high level party officials and their families and others throughout the country were executed or sent to concentration camps, via a widespread secret police organisation, "Simhwajo" (深化組).

The purge had its roots in the great famine and economic crisis of approximately[2] 1994 to 1998,when North Korea experienced a great famine during which hundreds of thousand to possibly two million people died of starvation (a famine referred to officially as The Arduous March, 고난의 행군).

Kim Jong-il, who in 1994 had become the supreme leader, established a secret police organization called "Simhwajo" (深化組) or the "Deepening Group" within the Ministry of Social Security. (Simhwajo had the meaning of intensifying the investigation into the careers and ideology of residents, or "in-depth research into the backgrounds and thoughts of residents") Kim Jong-il appointed Jang Sung-taek (then deputy director of the Organization and Guidance Department), to lead the group,[3] which then carried out a great purge by making the senior officials, close aides, and their relatives the scapegoat for the economic crisis and famine.[3]

Some 25,000 people are thought to have been purged of whom approximately 10,000 were executed, and about 15,000 sent to concentration camps.[3] Amongst high ranking party-members and bureaucrats found responsible were Seo Kwan-hee, agricultural secretary of the Central Committee of the Party (executed by firing squad,[4][5] and Moon Seong-sik, the party secretary (said to have been tortured to death).[3][6] Senior officials from the Kim Il-sung era were sacrificed one after another. In the southwest, Hwanghae Namdo party secretary, Pi Chang-rin and Kaesong city party secretary Kim Gi-sun were executed as remnants of the South Korean anti-communist group, and the Northwestern Youth League.[7] Kim Jong Il unconditionally signed the list of executions put up by the deepening group.[7]

During the process, the simhwajo had several hundred bases all around North Korea and consisted of about 8,000 investigators.


Detail is" Yellow sea ironworks massacre ( Korean version ) See

However, Kim Jong Il feared alienation from the public due to the popular protests that occurred at the Hwanghae Steel Works in South Hwanghae Province in 1998,[8][7] and the Security Department and the Military Guard Commander He summoned the person in charge of the department and reprimanded him, saying, "What have you been doing?" He directed an investigation by the Ministry of Social Security (renamed from department in 1998), a police organization that led the Deepening Group. This is the second stage, and the Security Department and others have secretly launched an investigation. As a result of the report summarizing the despotism of the Shinhwa-gumi and its influence on the people's hearts, it was decided that the Censorship Division of the Party Organizational Leadership Department would prepare a censorship team, and that the "Deephwa-gumi" would be dismantled. Although he escaped, he arrested 14 executives, including Cai Wende, the executive officer of this first stage, Li Zhe, the secretary in charge, and the director of the Resident Registration Bureau of the Ministry of Social Security. rice field. In January 2000, censors selected from the Security Department, the Security Command, and the Central Prosecutor's Office were dispatched nationwide, and the Deepening Group was completely dismantled. In April, the name was changed from the Ministry of Social Security to the Ministry of People's Security, and the incident was tentatively closed.

Since the role played by the Deepening Group is similar to the Red Guards during China 's Cultural Revolution , the Deepening Group Incident is said to be North Korea's version of the Cultural Revolution along with the movement to acquire the Red Flag of the Three Revolutions.[3]


Potential refs edit

https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/4695274#home 330,000 people starve to death in North Korea's 'Arduous March' for 5 years[9]

http://nk.chosun.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=4279[10]

https://dailynkjp.com/archives/25/2?ky=yh1207u[8]

https://www.sankei.com/article/20160126-FBFVTCOMQFMT3C4GFPHILZPEQI/[7]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwang_Jang-yop Hwang Jang Yeop

Alexander V. Vorontsov (2006). "North Korea's Military-First Policy: A Curse or a Blessing". North Korean Review. 2 (2): 100–102. ISSN 1551-2789. JSTOR 43910253. Wikidata Q117281506.

https://www.chogabje.com/board/view.asp?C_IDX=53980&C_CC=AZ ... led to the execution of Jang Seong-taek ...2004 Therefore not the same Jang

Hwanghae Iron and Steel Works Democratic Uprising (Q97199277)

And possible references edit

^ a b c Ruriko Kubota (January 14, 2012). “Kim Jong-un's guardian, Mr. Jang Seung-sak, is a cold-blooded loyal retainer who is in charge of the purge of 25,000 people!” . Sankei Shimbun.Original January 2012 Archive as of the 14th.

^ "Telling the truth about the blood purge "Deepening Group Incident"" . Daily NK Japan (December 2016, 12) 2020/10/16 Browse.

^ Sang-Hun, Choe (March 18, 2010). "N. Korea Is Said to Execute Finance Chief" (English). The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 Retrieved April 19, 2019 .

^ " "Drink laxatives and kill political opponents without giving them a drop of water" North Korea's power struggle ”. Yahoo News (December 2018, 12). 2021/10/5 Browse.

^ "Run over a protesting worker with a tank...North Korea "Massacre at Huanghai Steel Works"” . Daily NK Japan (July 2015, 7) 2020/10/16 Browse.

^ Lee Sang-cheol (January 26, 2016). “[Secretary Kim Jong-il (60)] Shock of defection of Hwang Chang-yeop Frightened by demonstrations, execution of the person in charge of detection” Sankei Shimbun (Sankei Shimbun ) October 2020 , 10 Browse daily .

Footnote edit

Annotation [ How to use footnotes ] ^ Regarding the Deepening Group Incident, Jang Cheol-Hyun , a former executive of the United Front Department of the Workers' Party of Korea who was involved in the work toward South Korea , and who actually witnessed the Great Purge on-site, revealed the full story in a monthly magazine published in South Korea after defecting from North Korea. ing. Source ^ a b c Ruriko Kubota (January 14, 2012). “Kim Jong-un's guardian, Mr. Jang Seung-sak, is a cold-blooded loyal retainer who is in charge of the purge of 25,000 people!” . Sankei Shimbun.Original January 2012 Archive as of the 14th. ^ "Telling the truth about the blood purge "Deepening Group Incident"" . Daily NK Japan (December 2016, 12) 2020/10/16 Browse. ^ Sang-Hun, Choe (March 18, 2010). "N. Korea Is Said to Execute Finance Chief" (English). The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 Retrieved April 19, 2019 . ^ " "Drink laxatives and kill political opponents without giving them a drop of water" North Korea's power struggle ”. Yahoo News (December 2018, 12). 2021/10/5 Browse. ^ "Run over a protesting worker with a tank...North Korea "Massacre at Huanghai Steel Works"” . Daily NK Japan (July 2015, 7) 2020/10/16 Browse. ^ Lee Sang-cheol (January 26, 2016). “[Secretary Kim Jong-il (60)] Shock of defection of Hwang Chang-yeop Frightened by demonstrations, execution of the person in charge of detection” Sankei Shimbun (Sankei Shimbun ) October 2020 , 10 Browse daily.

References edit

  1. ^ Taekbin Kim (1 September 2021). "Who Is Purged? Determinants of Elite Purges in North Korea" (PDF). Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 54 (3): 73–96. doi:10.1525/J.POSTCOMSTUD.2021.54.3.73. ISSN 0967-067X. Wikidata Q117267389.
  2. ^ Noland, Marcus (2004). "Famine and Reform in North Korea" (PDF). Asian Economic Papers. 3 (2): 1–40. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.6.8390. doi:10.1162/1535351044193411. S2CID 57565869.
  3. ^ a b c d e "【朝鮮半島ウオッチ】金正恩氏の後見人、張成沢氏は冷血な忠臣　２万５千人粛清の総責任者！＋（2/3ページ） - MSN産経ニュース (Kim Jong-un's guardian, Mr. Jang Sung-taek, is a cold-blooded loyal retainer who is responsible for the purge of 25,000 people!)". web.archive.org. 2012-01-14. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  4. ^ Floru, J.P. (2017). The Sun Tyrant: A Nightmare Called North Korea. London, U.K.: Biteback Publishing. p. 21. ISBN 9781785902215. OCLC 984074543. When the size of the catastrophe he had caused became apparent, Kim Jong-il had his agricultural minister So Kwan-hui executed by firing squad. So was accused of being a spy for 'the American imperialists and their South Korean lackeys' and of having sabotaged North Korea's self-reliance in agriculture.
  5. ^ Jong-yil, Ra (2019-05-01). Inside North Korea's Theocracy: The Rise and Sudden Fall of Jang Song-thaek. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-1-4384-7373-4.
  6. ^ "「下剤を飲ませ水を一滴も与えず政敵を抹殺」北朝鮮の権力闘争（高英起） - 個人 (``Drink laxatives and eliminate political opponents without giving a drop of water North Korea's power struggle)". Yahoo!ニュース (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  7. ^ a b c d SANKEI DIGITAL INC (2016-04-04). "【秘録金正日（６０）】黄長ヨプ亡命の衝撃 デモにおびえ、摘発責任者を処刑（1/5ページ）Shock of Hwang Jang-yeop's exile Fear of demonstrations, execution of the person responsible for the detection". 産経ニュース (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-03-25.
  8. ^ a b "抗議する労働者を戦車で轢殺…北朝鮮「黄海製鉄所の虐殺」(Tanks run over protesting workers... North Korea "massacre at Hwanghae Steelworks")". DAILY NK JAPAN (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-03-25.
  9. ^ "북한 '고난의 행군' 5년 동안 주민 33만 명 굶어 죽어 (330,000 people starve to death in North Korea's 'Arduous March' for 5 years)". 중앙일보 (The JooAng) (in Korean). 2010-11-23. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
  10. ^ "Hwanghae Steelworks worker riot case". NK Chosun. 2001-02-20.
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