Man's Hat/sandbox | ||||
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| Born | 04/01/1879 | |||
| Died | 2.05.1952 | |||
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(Ilya) [1] Alekseevich Shatrov 'April 1 1879 (1885) [1] - May 2 1952) - Russian military musician, Kapellmeister and composer , Soviet Guards Guard major <ref name = nvo / > Soviet Army of the Soviet Army, the author of the waltz "On the hills of Manchuria".
Biography edit
Ilya Shatrov was born in the district town of Zemlyansk (in the Semiluki region Voronezh region) in the family of a retired non-commissioned officer a Lithuanian Life Guards Infantry Regiment [2]. Since my childhood I learned to play balalaika and [[Harmon] | accordion]], stood out with extraordinary musical talent.
After his father's death in 1893, he was identified as a pupil in a platoon of trumpeters Grodno Hussar Life Guards Regiment of the Grodno Hussar Life Guards Regiment [2], where he learned to play the drum and trumpet. At the request of the commander, the regiment was sent and, on an exceptional basis, admitted to study at the Warsaw Musical Institute [2], which graduated in 1900 (1903) [1] year.
After graduating from the institute in 1903, he received about sixty musicians [1] the musical team of the Mokshan reserve battalion [2] in [[Penza province] of the Penza province]] (converted to the 214th reserve Moksha] infantry regiment in 1904 [1]). With the beginning of the of the Russian-Japanese War the regiment was sent to Far East.
In February 1905 and the 214th Reserve Mokshan Infantry Regiment took part in the Mukden Battle of the Battle of Mukden and Liaoyang Om. In one of the battles the regiment was surrounded by Japanese and was constantly attacked by the enemy. At the critical moment, when the ammunition was already over, the regimental commander Colonel Pavel Pobyvanets gave the order: "The banner and orchestra - forward! .." Kapelmeister Shatrov led the orchestra to the parapet of trenches, gave the order to play a battle march and Led the orchestra ahead of the regiment banner [1]. Encouraged soldiers rushed into the bayonet attack. During the battle, the regiment continually attacked the Japanese with the music of the orchestra and, in the end, broke through the encirclement. In the course of the battle the regiment commander was killed, 700 of the remaining members of the regiment remained <ref name = nvo> Isaenko AI Html "Banner and orchestra - forward!" // Independent Military Review, 02.06.2006. </ Ref>, only 7 musicians left the orchestra alive. For this feat, all the musicians of the orchestra were awarded the St. George Crosses, Ilya Shatrov - officer Order of St. Stanislaus 3rd degree with swords (the second similar Awarding bandmasters), and the orchestra was awarded silver pipes <ref name = film> "Banner and orchestra, forward! .." - Documentary film, directed by Usova Ludmila, Petrova Elena - Russia, 2008. </ ref>.
After the end of the Russo-Japanese War, the Moksha regiment remained in Manchuria for another year, where Ilya Alekseyevich, once hitting the guard regiment on the orders of a new regiment commander, began writing waltz "[[On the hills of Manchuria (waltz)] Mokshan regiment on the hills Manchuria]] », dedicated to the dead combat comrades. Initially, the public quite coolly met this waltz, but a year later the gramophone records with its records began to enjoy great popularity. First published in 1907, the notes of the waltz by 1911 were re-issued already 82 times! After 1911, the name of the waltz was reduced, it became known as "On the hills of Manchuria" [1].
Falling in love with a young girl, Alexandra Shikhobalov Shatrov wrote a waltz "Dacha Dreams", which also began to enjoy great success. In 1910 the beloved died, the regiment was disbanded, and in such a difficult situation Shatrov wrote a new composition - "Autumn has come" to the words Prigogozhey. At the same time, the enormous popularity of the waltz "On the Hills of Manchuria" showed Shatrov that as the author of the melody he was deprived of income. In addition, a man appeared who claimed that he was not Shatrov, but he was the real author of the waltz. He also tried to bring Shatrov to court, but this attempt failed. At that time, firms that produced gramophone records paid the author a one-time fee, and then released as much as they liked the circulation with the recording of music. Only with the adoption in 1911 of the first in Russia copyright law in relation to the recording of the authors have the opportunity to protect their interests. And Shatrov did not hesitate to take advantage of this. Lawsuits were filed against a number of companies. The result of this campaign was the fact that most of the companies began to produce records with stamped author's marks, and the firm Sirena Record lost the trial to the author of the waltz "On the hillocks of Manchuria" and was forced to pay him an author's fee of 15 kopecks With each sold plate. After the revolution, Shatrov joined the Red Army, was a conductor of the Red Cavalry Brigade. After graduation Civil War to 1935 and served in Pavlograd e. C 1935 to 1938 Shatrov led the orchestra of the Tambov Cavalry School, in 1938 demobilized and stayed to work in Tambov e. With the beginning of Great Patriotic War of the Great Patriotic War again returned to the army: the division's Kapellmeister served. Repeatedly awarded. After the war, Shatrov for a long time led the orchestra Kirovabad garrison in Transcaucasian Military District (military orchestra of the Transcaucasian Military District [1]). He retired in 1951 y, returned to Tambov, where he was in charge of the musical part of the Tambov Suvorov School [2]. He died in Tambov on May 2, 1952. He was buried at Vozdvizhensky Cemetery. == Works == * On the hills of Manchuria [[[Dreams]] * Autumn has come * Blue Night in Port Arthur [1] == References == * On the hills of Manchuria on YouTube on the pages of the "Manjury" art album. The Russo-Japanese War. / Fig. A. Makovsky, N. Samokish and others. A. V. Martynov. - SPb .: T-in R. Golike, 1906. * Blue night over Port Arthur * [http: //землянск.рф/news/2016-08-31/v- Zemlyanske-poyavilsya-pamyatnik-shatrovu Ryndin Elena. A monument to Shatrov appeared in Zemlyansk!] == Awards == * Silver medal "For zeal" (1904) * Order of St. Stanislaus (Russian Empire) Order of St. Stanislaus of the third degree with swords 1905) * Order of the Red Star * Medal "For Courage" * Medal "For military merit" == Memory == * Buried at the Vozdvizhensky cemetery in Tambov. Above the grave there is a plate of white marble with the inscription of gold: "Guards Major, composer Ilya Alekseevich Shatrov. Waltz creator "On the hills of Manchuria". * Memorial plaques on the building Tambov Military Aviation Engineering Institute and on the house in which he lived. * June 21, 2015 the monument to Ilya Shatrov and Vasily Agapkin was opened in Tambov on the International Street, 27 <ref> [http: //tambov.bezformata .ru / listnews / pamyatnik-agapkinu-i-shatrovu-otkroyut / 32632806 / "Monument to Agapkin and Shatrov will be opened on June 21"]. // Multiregional news aggregator BezFormata.Ru . Retrieved 2016-07-06. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help) </ Ref>. * August 27, 2016 in the homeland of Ilya Alekseevich in Zemlyansk a memorial sign was opened near the music school <ref> [http: //землянск.рф/news/2016-08-31/v-zemlyanske-poyavilsya-pamyatnik-shatrovu Ryndina Elena. "A monument to Shatrov appeared in Zemlyansk!] </ Ref>. == Notes ==
== Literature ==
* Book: Handbook of Bolotin | pages = 315 * Milovidova NS Composers in the History of Musical Culture of the Samara Region: Textbook. Manual / Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation. - Samara: Samara State Academy of Culture and Arts, 2014. - P. 17-23. - 278 with. - 500 copies. - ISBN 978-5-88293-323-3 * Chumov L.E. (2004). Essays on the trumpet and trumpeters in Russia. [Template:M used without a valid code. See documentation.]. pp. 76, 100. ISBN 5-85941-010-7. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |circulation= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |part= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |publishing house= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)