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User:Maddygross14/Alicia Moreau de Justo

< User:Maddygross14
In this Argentine name, the surname is Moreau and the marital name is Justo.
Maddygross14/Alicia Moreau de Justo
Born(1885-10-11)October 11, 1885
London
Died(1986-05-12)May 12, 1986
Buenos Aires
NationalityEnglish, Argentine
SpouseJuan Bautista Justo (from 1922 to 1928)
Children[Alicia Marta], [Juan Roberto] and [Luis Justo]

Alicia Moreau de Justo (October 11, 1885 – May 12, 1986) was an Argentine physician, politician, pacifist and human rights activist. She was a leading figure in feminism and socialism in Argentina.[1] Moreau started publicly organizing for women's rights in Argentina in the early 20th century. In 1902, joined by a fellow activists, she founded the Feminist Socialist Center of Argentina and the Feminine Work Union of Argentina.[2]

Biography edit

Alicia Moreau de Justo was born in London, United Kingdom, on October 11, 1885, as the youngest of two sisters[3]. Her father, Armando Moreau, fought for the Paris Commune in 1871[3]. Following the Commune's defeat, he relocated to London, where he met his wife, María Denanpont[4], with whom he had Alicia[3]. Later, the family moved to Argentina and Alicia enrolled at Escuela Normal 1 in Buenos Aires[3]. She married Juan B. Justo in 1922. Her husband died on January 8, 1928, due to cardiac arrest[5].

Alicia Moreau de Justo was a women's rights activist who served in various roles such as teacher, doctor, and journalist[6]. She sought to promote human rights and women's justice, with a specific focus on women's reproductive health and voting[6]. Additionally, she pursued a medical degree to provide women with more opportunities to explore their bodies and gain autonomy[6]. She successfully graduated from the University of Buenos Aires in 1914[6]. Moreau applied her political beliefs to her medical career. After graduating, she exclusively worked in working-class clinics[6].

Darwinism was a main influence for Moreau and the choices she made[7]. This ideology led to the creation of La Union National Feminista and the Socialist Women’s Suffrage Committee[7].

She organized conferences in the Fundación Luz (Light Foundation), and together with her father, co-founded the Ateneo Popular (the People's Athenaeum). She was chief editor of the journal Humanidad Nueva (New Humanity),[8] and director of the publication Nuestra Causa (Our Cause). In 1914 she graduated from college as a medical doctor, and some years later, she joined the Socialist Party. Soon after that, she married the leader of the Argentinean Socialist Party, Juan B. Justo, and together they had three children.[9]

 
Alicia Moreau de Justo in 1972.

In 1918, she founded the Unión Feminista Nacional (National Feminist Union). After her husband passing away in 1928,[10] she continued her political activity defending women; especially in matters related to women's suffrage, working rights of paid staff, public health and public education. In 1932, she created a draft law to establish women's suffrage, which was not sanctioned until 1947 in Argentina.[11] She supported the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War and was a regular critic of Peronism, which she viewed as antidemocratic.[12] In 1958, she took part in the division of the Socialist Party and the founding of the Argentinean Socialist Party, accepting the director position of the newspaper La Vanguardia until 1960.[13] She continued working until her final years, and helped found Permanent Assembly for Human Rights in 1975.[14]

Alicia Moreau de Justo's Political Life edit

The motives behind Alicia Moreau de Justo’s actions and the organizing of the Argentinean Socialist Party are aligned with the Argentine government and its workings. Argentina’s political landscape is shaped by both the ideas of Peronism and Marxism, expressing Argentina’s values of tradition and socialist regimes.[15] The Argentinean Socialist Party emerged in the political landscape to mitigate women's discrimination and mistreatment in the more capitalist-centered society.[15] Peronism benefited the Argentinean Socialist Party by helping organize more progressive agendas and advocate for women’s rights and pluralism[15].

 
Image of Alicia Moreau de Justo from 1986

Justo’s role in the party intertwines with her marriage to the leader of the Argentinean Socialist Party.[16] As a devoted member of the socialist cause in Argentina, Moreau actively participated in the party, advocating for various causes.

Moreau’s main focus and concerns center on women’s education and literacy.[17] Several restrictions from the government limited women in Argentina, such as the Civil Code, which restricted women and their rights in both the public and private spheres.[17] Because of Moreau’s involvement in the party, she focused on ending the restriction of the Civil Code to help women gain more autonomy and rights within the public sphere.[17] This relates to her work as a doctor as she studied medicine and started practicing to allow women more opportunities to gain bodily autonomy.[6]

Anti-Peronist Stance edit

Moreau strongly opposed Argentinean president Juan Perón. Peron, a populist, was viewed as anti-democratic by the Argentinean Socialist Party. As a populist, some of Peron's views overlapped with Moreau's socialist cause. This overlap was a threat to the socialist movement. Peronism threatened to split support from voters who were sympathetic to the Argentinian Socialist Party.

Moreau took a controversial stand against Peron regarding women's suffrage. Peron supported passing a women's suffrage law. Moreau supported women's suffrage, however, the Argentinean Socialist Party did not want Peron's government to receive credit for passing women's suffrage. Peron had participated in the 1943 coup; Moreau worried that passing women's suffrage would give Peron's government undeserved legitimacy.

Juan Peron's wife, Eva Duarte ("Evita"), played a key role in the president's attempt to gain support from women. In 1951, Evita founded the Peronist Women's Party (PPF). Like Moreau, the PPF advocated for women's rights. However, Moreau opposed the PPF. Moreau opposed any attempt by the Peron government to strengthen its legitimacy by gaining women supporters. Furthermore, Moreau rejected the notion that any issues only impacted women. Moreau argued the fighting for women's rights must be viewed in the larger context of the fight for equality and socialism.

The PPF and Moreau's women's center violently clashed over their differences. In the end Moreau's opposition to the PPF was unsuccessful. In the 1951 presidential election, Peron won re-election, swaying 63% of women voters. Peron won a larger share on female voters than male voters.

References edit

(es) This article is partially or entirely taken from the Spanish, French and German Wikipedia articles entitled “Alicia Moreau de Justo'.

  1. ^ "Alicia Moreau de Justo". Diario La Nación. 10 May 2001. Retrieved 3 December 2010.
  2. ^ Muñoz Pace, Fernando (2010). Triunfo radical y conflictos de la democracia. Argentina: Artes Gráficas Rioplatense S.A. pp. 54–55. ISBN 978-987-07-0871-1.
  3. ^ a b c d "ALICIA MOREAU DE JUSTO". web.archive.org. 2007-07-10. Retrieved 2023-11-28.
  4. ^ "ALICIA MOREAU DE JUSTO-- Un cajón revuelto". Retrieved 2023-11-28.
  5. ^ "Juan B Justo". archive.wikiwix.com. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
  6. ^ a b c d e f "GEC #3 Alicia Moreau de Justo". Future World Manager. 2 February 2023. Archived from the original on 4 June 2023. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  7. ^ a b "Moreau de Justo, Alicia (1885–1986) | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2023-11-28.
  8. ^ Corbiére, Emilio J. "Alicia Moreau de Justo". Agencia El Vigia. Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  9. ^ Rocca, Carlos José (1999). Juan B. Justo y su entorno. Argentina: Editorial Universitaria de La Plata. ISBN 9879160266.
  10. ^ "Alicia Moreau de Justo". Diario La Nación. 10 May 2001. Retrieved 3 December 2010.
  11. ^ "El voto femenino en Argentina cumplió 60 años". Infobae. NA & Reuters. 24 September 2007. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  12. ^ Muñoz Pace, Fernando (2010). Triunfo radical y conflictos de la democracia. Argentina: Artes Gráficas Rioplatense S.A. pp. 54–55. ISBN 978-987-07-0871-1.
  13. ^ Guerstein, Benito Mario. "Historias que hacen historia: Alicia Moreau". Revista de Psicogerontología. Retrieved 12 February 2011.
  14. ^ "Sitio web de la Asamblea Permanente por los Derechos Humanos". Archived from the original on 22 April 2006. Retrieved 3 December 2010.
  15. ^ a b c DeLaney, Jeane (2020). Identity and Nationalism in Modern Argentina: Defending the True Nation. University of Notre Dame Press. pp. 212–241. ISBN 978-0-268-10792-5.
  16. ^ "Alicia Moreau de Justo Dies; Leading Argentine Socialist". The New York Times. 14 May 1986. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  17. ^ a b c Hammond, Gregory (17 July 2020). "Alicia Moreau de Justo: Transcending Generations". Global Perspectives on Women’s Leadership and Gender (In)Equality. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 19–45. ISBN 978-3-030-41822-9.
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