Tunnels are expensive. As a rule of thumb a rail tunnel of about 10m in diameter costs about £30m per kilometre, says Bill Grose, former chairman of the British Tunnelling Society.[1]
Humber rail tunnel
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This is a route-map template for a UK railway.
For information on use of this template, refer to Wikipedia:Route diagram template, for pictograms used see Wikipedia:Route diagram template/Catalog of pictograms.
Category:Templates for railway lines of the United Kingdom
Hull_Paragon_Interchange from terminal into through station modelled after Malmö Citytunneln project and Western Link in Gothenburg, lower level station and tunnel link.
Yorkshire Coast Line linking Scarborough, Bridlington Driffield and Beverley.Hull to York Line Selby, York and Leeds. linked to Barton Line and South Humberside Main Line Grimsby-Lincoln line, Lincoln to Peterborough through Sleaford and Spalding. reinstate track between Spalding and March link to Ely to Peterborough Line, join West Anglia Main Line north of Ely, serve Cambridge, (connect varsity line) Stansted airport, London Liverpool street/Stratford station London.
Alleviate ECML, Scarborough, Hull, Lincoln, Grimsby, passengers not routed onto ECML Freight connection off ECML linking Humber docks, with Ipswich, Felixstowe possible connection onwards to teesside container port
Parallel ECML for engineering closures.
The Humber Autoduct
edithttp://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C11114152 https://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/news/grimsby-news/freshney-metro-great-coates-grimsby-1981386
1872, a Humber Tunnel was being discussed.For the next hundred years, a debate raged over whether a tunnel or bridge should be built, with hundreds of proposals put forward. The tunnel failed at almost every turn, with the Humber clay making it almost impossible to dig and test bore holes quickly filling up with estuary waters.[2]
Humber gas pipeline tunnel
edit£150 million construction of the new 5km long tunnel 3.63-4m diameter, sit 7m below the estuary, at a maximum depth of 35m. A construction period of 12 months is specified for the tunnelling work, and 35 months for full completion of the project.[3] A 30m deep 4.4km x 3-3.5m diameter segmentally lined TBM-bored tunnel crossing in preference to dredging and horizontal drilling construction techniques. investigations reveal a geology composed mainly of clay, silt and sand[4]
The planned tunnel and new pipeline will replace an existing pipeline known as Feeder 9 which was laid close to the proposed route of the tunnel in 1984 in a trench in the boulder clay excavated by a cutter dredging vessel. changes in sea bed have left sections of this pipeline exposed.
3.65m diameter tunnel as it travels, around 35m below the river bed.[5]
Severn Tunnel
editDLR
editWoolwich Arsenal extension
edit£180million Two 1.8 kilometre, 6 metre diameter tunnels were constructed under the River Thames and an intervention shaft, 15 metres in diameter and 40 metres deep -http://construction.morgansindall.co.uk/what-we-do/tunnelling/tunnelling-profiles/dlr-woolwich-arsenal-extension
Crossrail
editThe Thames Tunnel will be 2.6km long and about 15 m below the existing river bed.-http://www.crossrail.co.uk/tunnelling/tunnel-construction-strategy/thames-tunnel-plumstead-to-north-woolwich -http://www.tunnelsonline.info/news/tunnelling-begins-in-southeast-london/ Kig George Dock-Woolwich. [6]
Dartford Crossing
editHS1 Thames Tunnel
editThe River Thames Tunnel a 2.5 km (1.5 mile) tunnel for the Channel Tunnel Rail Link (CTRL), also known as High Speed 1 (HS1) Tough it: Highly fissured, flint-laden chalk made the Thames tunnel the single most risky element of HS1. Fissures meant the ground was saturated. Flints threatened to wreck the TBM. To control risk a slurry machine with rock crushers was used.
- Cutting edge- Two Herrenknecht cutter heads, changeable for each tunnel, were used to cope with hard flint buried within the chalk.
- Under Pressure- Because the ground under the the Thames id waterlogged the TBM's had to work hard under up to 4bar pressure.
- Cross section - The 3km long tunnels were 8,5m in diameter and driven with a Herrenknecht mixshield slurry tunnel boring machine
Canvey Island-Medway
editMetrotidal proposal for immersed tube tunnel Lower_Thames_Crossing.[8] [9]
Mersey
edit[Mersey Railway]]
Tyne Tunnel
editMyrkvifiord Forth
editForth Tunnel Action Group.http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/edinburgh_and_east/6499617.stm
Conwy
editIreland
editNetherlands & Belgium
edit- Coen_Tunnel
- Second_Coen_Tunnel
- A22_motorway_(Netherlands)#Wijkertunnel
- Piet_Hein_Tunnel
- Western_Scheldt_Tunnel Road, €750m 2003, 6,600m
- Maastunnel
- Kennedy_Tunnel
- Liefkenshoektunnel Rail, €765m, 16.2km, 6,000m bored
- http://www.tucrail.be/EN/projects/NationalProjects/Antwerp/Pages/default.aspx
- http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/liefkenshoek-rail-link/
- http://www.damwand.nl/projects/europe/foundationsolutions/EN/references/002.htm
- http://www.tunnel-online.info/en/artikel/tunnel_tunnel_7_2009_Liefkenshoek_Railway_Tunnel_in_Antwerp_329559.html
- http://www.bamppp.com/projects/liefkenshoek-railway-connection
- Oosterweelconnection
- http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoortunnel_Pannerdensch_Kanaal
Germany
editScan
editPoland
edit- proposed Swina Tunnel Usedom-Wollin
Other
edit
References
edit- ^ de Castella, Tom (13 August 2013). "Could these five projects improve life in the UK?". BBC News. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
- ^ Spereall, David (1 October 2017). "Venice in Hull and a Humber tunnel - nine wacky transport ideas that never were". hulldailymail. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
- ^ "Contract award for 5km Humber tunnel". www.tunneltalk.com. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
- ^ "Vital estuary crossing to keep UK gas flowing - TunnelTalk". www.tunneltalk.com. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
- ^ Saker-Clark, Henry (7 February 2018). "The multi-million pound machine now tunnelling under the Humber". hulldailymail. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ^ "DLR Thames tunnel works begin with innovative TBM". new civil engineer. Retrieved 16 July 2012.
- ^ "none" (PDF). Halcrow. Retrieved 16 July 2012.
- ^ "project". metrotidal. Retrieved 16 July 2012.
- ^ "Medway-Canvey Island Thames Crossing, United Kingdom". roadtraffic-technology.com. Retrieved 16 July 2012.