C15orf52
editC15orf52 is a gene located on chromosome 15 on the reverse strand of the species Homo sapiens. The gene is 9,516 base pairs long including introns and exons[1]. The gene contains 12 distinct introns, 11 exons, produces 7 different mRNAs, 6 alternatively spliced variants and 1 complete, unspliced form[2]. The linear mRNA is 5344 base pairs long[3]. The mRNA contains a short 5’ untranslated region of 15 base pairs and a long 3’ untranslated region of 3782 base pairs. The protein contains a domain of unknown function (DUF4594 from amino acid 185 to 350)[4]. The protein, C15orf52, is a 534 amino acid long protein weighing 57.325 kDa found in Homo sapiens[5]. C15orf52 has a coiled coil domain spanning amino acids 60-97[6] and has been implicated with phosphorylation at serines found at two locations, S201[7] and S392[8].
Orthologs
edit| Sequence | Genus & Species | Date of Divergence from Humans (MYA) | Accession Number | Sequence Length | Sequence Identity to Humans | Sequence Similarity to Humans |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Homo sapiens | 0 | NP_997263.2 | 534 | 100% | 100% |
| 2 | Myotis brandtii | 97.5 | XP_005860303.2 | 564 | 76% | 79% |
| 3 | Bos taurus | 97.5 | XP_015328613.1 | 577 | 75% | 77% |
| 4 | Ovis musimon | 97.5 | XP_014962253.1 | 513 | 69% | 74% |
| 5 | Mus musculus | 90.5 | NP_001001982.2 | 545 | 63% | 71% |
| 6 | Gekko japonicus | 320.5 | XP_015282702.1 | 591 | 41% | 55% |
| 7 | Taeniopygia guttata | 320.5 | XP_012429790.1 | 625 | 41% | 57% |
| 8 | Anolis carolinensis | 320.5 | XP_008115041.1 | 496 | 39% | 55% |
| 9 | Chelonia mydas | 320.5 | XP_007069465.1 | 743 | 39% | 57% |
| 10 | Gallus gallus | 320.5 | XP_004941352.2 | 637 | 38% | 54% |
| 11 | Aquila canadensis | 320.5 | XP_011595804.1 | 647 | 38% | 53% |
| 12 | Xenopus tropicalis | 355.7 | XP_004917355.1 | 507 | 37% | 54% |
| 13 | Thamnophis sirtalis | 320.5 | XP_013925154.1 | 586 | 37% | 52% |
| 14 | Astyanax mexicanus | 429.6 | XP_007230442.1 | 354 | 37% | 52% |
| 15 | Lepisosteus oculatus | 429.6 | XP_015206400.1 | 674 | 37% | 52% |
| 16 | Sturnus vulgaris | 320.5 | XP_014734365.1 | 646 | 37% | 53% |
| 17 | Alligator sinensis | 320.5 | XP_014372849.1 | 504 | 37% | 54% |
| 18 | Python bivittatus | 320.5 | XP_007429068.1 | 587 | 37% | 53% |
| 19 | Danio rerio | 429.6 | XP_001337385.3 | 516 | 32% | 51% |
| 20 | Callorhinchus milii | 482.9 | XP_007891400.1 | 692 | 29% | 45% |
| 21 | Takifugu rubripes | 429.6 | XP_011614636.1 | 525 | 35% | 51% |
Paralogs
editConceptual Translation
editExpression
editOrigin of cDNAs of C15orf52 shows that the gene is expressed in numerous locations such as primary and secondary digestive organs (pancreas, stomach, liver, etc.), nervous system (brain, retina, lens), skin, reproductive organs, bones, and many other tissues suggesting a fairly nonspecialized function[9]. However, C15orf52 protein is relatively overexpressed in the colon, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, testis, and rectum[10]. Application of RNA-seq to plasma extracellular RNA profiles indicated C15orf52 as the most abundant mRNA present, possibly indicating some role outside of the cell[11]. In mice, the expression pattern of C15orf52, as well as TCEA3 and FHOD3, two other genes studied, was found to be similar to that of well-characterized genes known to be associated with heart development such as BVES and CXCL12[12]. However C15orf52 was not detected before embryological day 9.5 in the tail area and it’s exact function is not yet known[13].
- ^ NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) gene entry on C15orf52 [1]
- ^ AceView entry on C15orf52 gene [2]
- ^ NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) nucleotide entry on C15orf52 [3]
- ^ NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) gene entry on C15orf52 [4]
- ^ NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) protein entry on C15orf52 [5]
- ^ UniProtKB entry on C15orf52 [www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q6ZUT6]
- ^ Bian, Y., Song, C., Cheng, K., Dong, M., Wang, F., Huang, J., ... & Zou, H. (2014). An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome. Journal of proteomics, 96, 253-262.
- ^ Olsen, J. V., Blagoev, B., Gnad, F., Macek, B., Kumar, C., Mortensen, P., & Mann, M. (2006). Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell, 127(3), 635-648.
- ^ NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) nucleotide entry on C15orf52 [6]
- ^ GeneCards® entry on C15orf52 [7]
- ^ Yuan, T., Huang, X., Woodcock, M., Du, M., Dittmar, R., Wang, Y., ... & Wang, L. (2016). Plasma extracellular RNA profiles in healthy and cancer patients. Scientific reports, 6, 19413.
- ^ Xu, X. Q., Soo, S. Y., Sun, W., & Zweigerdt, R. (2009). Global expression profile of highly enriched cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells. Stem cells, 27(9), 2163-2174.
- ^ Xu, X. Q., Soo, S. Y., Sun, W., & Zweigerdt, R. (2009). Global expression profile of highly enriched cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells. Stem cells, 27(9), 2163-2174.