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Physiological Change of Pregnancy.
Pregnancy can be detected at Day 20~Day 35 of gestation by manual palpation[1]. There is an secondary increase of progesterone at Day 25 until term.[2] Relaxin and prolactin level also increase from Day 25 until term. Anemia is very common in pregnant bitches due to increased plasma volume. Increased level of growth hormone, which is led by the progesterone stimulating mammary growth, can increase insulin resistance in the bitch[3].[4] There is a great energy requirement during pregnancy and lactation. It is recommended to feed bitch at least 150% of maintenance at last 3 weeks of gestation, and at least 200% of maintenance during early and peak lactation.[5]
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- ^ Yeager, A.E.; Concannon, P.W. (1990-10). "Association between the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge and the early ultrasonographic detection of pregnancy and fetal heartbeats in beagle dogs". Theriogenology. 34 (4): 655–665. doi:10.1016/0093-691x(90)90021-k. ISSN 0093-691X.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Kirk, R.; Saunders, W. B. (1985-06). "CURRENT VETERINARY THERAPY, Vol. VIII, Small Animal Practice". Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 8 (2): 215–216. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1985.tb00949.x. ISSN 0140-7783.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Thuróczy, Julianna; Müller, Linda; Kollár, Eszter; Balogh, Lajos (2016-04). "Thyroxin and progesterone concentrations in pregnant, nonpregnant bitches, and bitches during abortion". Theriogenology. 85 (6): 1186–1191. doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.11.035. ISSN 0093-691X.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Concannon, Patrick W. (1986-05). "Canine Pregnancy and Parturition". Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 16 (3): 453–475. doi:10.1016/s0195-5616(86)50053-x. ISSN 0195-5616.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "WSAVA 2002 Congress". VIN.com. 2015-03-30.