In 1173, an invasion began against the dynasties of South India by the Sinhalese king and conquerer Maha Parakramabahu. His armies first captured the Pandyan kingdom, and then advanced into Chola Nadu, the Tondi and Pasi.
Background edit
In approximately 1173, the Sinhalese kingdom of Polonnaruwa, invaded the neighbouring Pandya kingdom and overthrew its leader Kulasekhara Pandyan. The Sinhalese monarch, Parakramabahu I ordered Vira Pandyan to be installed to the throne. However due to the Chola king, Rajadhiraja's increased his involvement in the war, the Chola mainland became a target of the invading forces.
Invasion of Chola kingdoms edit
After conquering the Pandyan kingdom, the leader of the expeditionary forces, Lankapura invaded the Chola states of Tondi and Pasi, which the Chola inscription describes as "striking fear into the hearts of its residents".[1] He burnt upto 30 kilometers of the Chola kingdom as a punishment for the interference in the war.[2] The captives were sent for works, such as repairing the stupas.[3]
Chola reactions edit
Rajadhiraja instructed his general to kill Lankapura. Meanwhile, the fear-ridden residents, started performing for Shiva, expecting for relief from the invaders.
The worshippers carried the worship for 28 days, until they recieved the news Lankapura had retreated.
References edit
Citations edit
- ^ Balasubrahmanyam, p. 255.
- ^ Aiyangar, p. 9.
- ^ Parker 251.
After edit
Aftermath edit
Military organization edit
| Military of the JVP | |
|---|---|
| Active regions | Southern, western and central Sri Lanka |
| Allies |  North Korea China (alleged, denied by China) United States[1] (alleged, denied by the US) South Yemen |
| Opponents |  Ceylon |
The JVP military section which was made up mostly of inadequately trained youths, were responsible for attacks on several locations throughout Ceylon, including on the Jaffna prison,[2] SLAF Ekala and the Wellawaya town in 1971. Later in the 80s, JVP with the assistance of several other militant organisations trained the Patriotic People's Armed Forces. PPAF carried out more well planned attacks such as the attack on the Pallekele detachment. The military section of the JVP in the late 80s were led the the DJV leader Keerthi Vijayabahu.
1971 edit
Despite the lack of training they received, the JVP militants were armed with shotguns, wore blue colored uniforms with boots and helmets, carried haystacks, and ammunition. The primary source of funding were bank robberies.[3]
1987-1989 edit
During it's second insurgency, they were armed with stolen weapons such as AK 47,[4] T 56, and .303 British rifles.[5]
Military organization edit
| Military of the JVP | |
|---|---|
| Active regions | Southern, western and central Sri Lanka |
| Allies | North Korea China (alleged, denied by China) United States[6] (alleged, denied by the US) South Yemen |
| Opponents | Ceylon |
The JVP military section which was made up mostly of inadequately trained youths, were responsible for attacks on several locations throughout Ceylon, including on the Jaffna prison,[7] SLAF Ekala and the Wellawaya town in 1971. Later in the 80s, JVP with the assistance of several other militant organisations trained the Patriotic People's Armed Forces. PPAF carried out more well planned attacks such as the attack on the Pallekele detachment. The military section of the JVP in the late 80s were led the the DJV leader Keerthi Vijayabahu.
1971 edit
Despite the lack of training they received, the JVP militants were armed with shotguns, wore blue colored uniforms with boots and helmets, carried haystacks, and ammunition. The primary source of funding were bank robberies.[3]
1987-1989 edit
During it's second insurgency, they were armed with stolen weapons such as AK 47,[4] T 56, and .303 British rifles.[5]
Other edit
The Culawamsa states about the warfare in detail. The chronicles of Burma states Narathu was assassinated during the war. Formal relationships were restored following the death of Narathu.<ref name='Kamboja'>Robert, p. 224-225
Citations edit
- ^ Rubin, Barnett R. (1975). "The U.S. Response to the JVP Insurgency in Sri Lanka, 1971".
- ^ Not Quite Paradise: An American Sojourn in Sri Lanka, 2010
- ^ a b Alles, p. 40;64.
- ^ a b Alles, p. 309.
- ^ a b Guneratne 1990, p. 272.
- ^ Rubin, Barnett R. (1975). "The U.S. Response to the JVP Insurgency in Sri Lanka, 1971".
- ^ Not Quite Paradise: An American Sojourn in Sri Lanka, 2010